hnoos yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsws ua pa los ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws ntawm qib reflex. Ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, nws tshem tawm ntau dhau los ntawm txoj kev ua pa, tshem tawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab thiab rov kho patency hla tag nrho cov mucosa.
Tshuaj hnoos ntawm txoj kev kho
Kev xaiv cov kev kho mob thiab tshuaj rau hnoos yog nyob ntawm qhov ua rau nws tshwm sim. Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev hnoos:
- tshwm sim vim muaj kab mob;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qee qhov ua xua;
- vim rau cov neeg kho tshuab stimuli;
- tawm tsam tshuaj lom neeg thiab thermal stimuli;
- hnoos uas tsis cuam tshuam txog kev ua pa thiab muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim.
Ua rau hnoos
hnoos yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov khaus khaus uas pab ua pa ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb yuav tsum yog hnoos ntev uas tsis xis nyob thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem.
Kev kuaj lub cev hauv lub tsev kho mob yuav pab txiav txim seb qhov ua rau thiab, nrog rau tus kws kho mob, xaivtshuaj hnoos tau zoo.
hom tshuaj siv
Tshuaj tsim los ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub no tuaj yeem muab faib ua 6 subspecies:
- Tshuaj uas inhibit qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm theem ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab hu ua txhais tau tias ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab.
- Cov tshuaj Peripheral uas muab cov teeb liab inhibitory ncaj qha rau cov leeg nqaij.
- YCombined antitussives.
- Mucolitics uas ua rau nyias cov kua nplaum thiab thawb tawm ntawm lub cev.
- Mucoregulators uas ua kom cov kua hauv cov hnoos qeev kom nce nws qhov ntim kom normalize viscosity.
- Cov tshuaj hnoos hnoos.
Txoj Cai Kev Kho Mob
Raws li qhov ua rau tus kab mob thiab cov tsos mob tshwm sim, hnoos yog ntub thiab qhuav. Cov tsos mob ntawm hnoos qhuav yog tshem tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj antitussive. Kev siv cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos mucolytic raws li cov lus qhia thaum hnoos ntub yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tom qab liquefaction ntawm hnoos qeev, nws excretion yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm expectorants.
Central antitussive
"Sinekod" - butamirate yog siv los ntawm lub plawv ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tee rau cov me nyuam los ntawm 2 lub hlis mus rau 3 xyoo, syrup - mus txog rau 6 xyoo thiab dragee rau lwm cov hnub nyoog.
Tus dragee muaj 20 mg ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag, 5 ml ntawm syrup - 7.5 mg,5 ml - 25 mg. Cov tshuaj suppresses nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab tua cov hnoos reflex. Cov nyhuv kho mob ntawm kev siv "Sinekod", raws li los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos ntawm lub hauv paus kev txiav txim, los mus rau kev yooj yim ua pa nrog ntxiv saturation ntawm lub cev nrog oxygen. Cov tshuaj yog siv rau hnoos qhuav, provoked los ntawm hnoos hawb pob, tracheitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis thiab pleurisy. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yog siv los txo cov reflex thaum lub sij hawm phais thiab kuaj mob. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob rov kis kab mob thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, kev siv tshuaj ib txhij nrog cov tshuaj mucolytic lossis expectorant yog qhov tsis tsim nyog. Contraindications yog siv nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos thiab nyob rau hauv lub 1st trimester ntawm cev xeeb tub. Tej zaum kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj, xeev siab, raws plab, kiv taub hau.
"Intussin" muaj tib yam tshuaj tseem ceeb - butamirate. Raws li cov lus qhia, cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos cuam tshuam rau hnoos qhuav ntawm txhua lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Cov ntawv tso tawm yog zoo ib yam rau Sinekod thiab muaj tib cov lus pom zoo rau kev siv. Ib qho tshwj xeeb yog qhov ua tiav kev nqus thiab ua tiav ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv 90 feeb. Cov kev mob tshwm sim xws li xeev siab thiab ntuav yog qee zaum pom.
Peripheral antitussive
"Libexin" - ib qho tshuaj loog uas muaj cov nyhuv bronchodilatory nrog kev thaiv qhov hnoos reflex. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj nrog lub ntsiab tshuaj - prenoxdiazine hydrochloride. Nws yog siv rau pleurisy thiab pleuropneumonia, bronchitis, hawb pob, mob khaub thuas thiab mob khaub thuas. Raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv,Cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos "Libeksin" yog siv 1 daim ntawm ib koob ntawm 100 mg 3-4 zaug ib hnub twg. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, tus nqi txhua hnub ntawm cov tshuaj nquag yog kwv yees li 200 mg. Lub ntsiab contraindication rau kev nkag mus yog sputum ntau. Cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos tuaj yeem ua rau xeev siab, loog lossis qhov ncauj qhuav, mob plab, thiab cem quav.
Levopront yog ib qho tshuaj bronchodilator uas paub zoo uas ua rau muaj kev siv zog thiab txo qhov hnoos ntau zaus. Nws yog siv rau kis kab mob, inflammatory thiab allergic teeb meem. Muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm syrups nrog ib tug concentration ntawm levodropropizine nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 60 mg ib 10 ml. Nws muaj ib qho khoom siv ntxiv hauv daim ntawv ntsuas lub khob nrog kev faib. Cov neeg laus siv 10 ml ntawm syrup ob peb zaug ib hnub twg nrog lub sij hawm ntawm 6 teev, rau cov me nyuam, 1 mg ntawm cov tshuaj ib kilogram ntawm qhov hnyav yog xam. Kev ncua tsis siv thaum cev xeeb tub thiab cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos.
YCombined antitussive
Codelac - cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos uas nto moo tshaj plaws nrog thermopsis thiab licorice cag.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm codeine muab laj thawj los faib cov tshuaj raws li cov tshuaj narcotic. Vim yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab tshuaj lom neeg, cov tshuaj muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke, nthuav tawm hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, expectorant thiab analgesic nyhuv nrog ntxiv hnoos qeev thinning thiab nce secretion kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub bronchi. Thaum siv, muaj malfunctions nyob rau hauv lub digestive system thiab lub paj hlwb. Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog los kho cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos nrog thermopsis rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, thaum tswj cov txheej txheem nyuaj, suav nrog tsheb. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsiav tshuaj, lawv tsim cov tee, elixir thiab syrup nrog ntau npaum li cas. Muab ntau hom Codelac, kev xaiv cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau tus kws tshaj lij. Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob yuav xaiv cov koob tshuaj kom raug thiab pom zoo rau daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau txais rau tus neeg mob.
"Stoptussin" kuj yog ib qho tshuaj ua ke ob qho tib si hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau tus kab mob. Ib tug feature ntawm cov tshuaj yog ib tug sib txawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, nyob ntawm seb lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Cov kua qab zib rau cov menyuam yaus tsuas muaj cov khoom xyaw ntuj, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos thiab tee muaj guaifenesin thiab butamirate dihydrocitrate. Cov tshuaj nquag ua rau cov hnoos qeev thiab txo cov bronchospasm. Rau cov menyuam yaus daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj, kev siv syrup los ntawm ib xyoos raug tso cai. Cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos yuav ua rau kiv taub hau, xeev siab thiab tsis qab los noj mov, tsaug zog, plab thiab mob hauv siab.
YDirect-acting mucolytics
"Fluimucil" muaj cov nyhuv mucolytic ci. Cov cuab yeej muaj nyob rau hauv 3 versions:
- nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom effervescent - cov tshuaj hnoos hnoos zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg laus nrog 600 mg ntawm acetylcysteine;
- nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm granules rau cov me nyuam los ntawm 2 xyoos nrog ib koob tshuaj 200 mg ib pob;
- hauv cov tshuaj siv rau kev nqus pa thiab txhaj tshuaj, nrog rau qhov ntau npaum li 100 mg rau 1 ml ntawm cov kua.
Siv los pab tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev txawm tiasnrog purulent tso tawm, muaj ib qho antioxidant thiab anti-inflammatory nyhuv. Qee zaum siv los ntxuav lossis ua haujlwm thaum muaj kev phais. Nws tsis tsim nyog noj cov tshuaj rau cov kab mob ntawm lub plab, mob hawb pob, phenylketonuria. Raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv, cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos yog qaug cawv 1 zaug hauv ib hnub, yaj hauv 50 ml dej, granules tau noj 2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub, nyob ntawm tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog thiab tus kws kho mob cov tshuaj.
"ACC" muaj qhov sib xws nrog "Fluimucil", uas yog, cov tshuaj nquag yog acetylcysteine . Cov tshuaj sib txawv nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev tso tawm nrog ntau npaum li cas ntawm 100 mus rau 600 mg, nrog rau cov kua dej rau cov menyuam yaus, uas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv kab ntawm cov tshuaj yav dhau los. Ob qho tshuaj yog contraindicated thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Cov tshuaj hnoos dab tsi los xaiv yog tias koj yuav tsum siv cov mucolytic? Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog qhia los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Feem ntau, qhov kev teem caij yuav nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntau npaum li cas, txij li txawm tias tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yuav luag zoo ib yam, tshwj tsis yog cov effervescent version ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob nrog tshuaj hauv pab pawg no ncaj qha ntsig txog cov kua dej uas tus neeg mob haus. Haus dej kom ntau ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tam sim ntawd coj rov qab los ze zog.
Mucoregulators raws li txhais tau tias ntawm kev ua tsis ncaj
"Ambroxol" - cov tshuaj hnoos hnoos zoo heev. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv piav qhia txog qhov kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj nquag ambroxol hydrochloride kom txo cov viscosity los ntawm kev ua kom cov kua hauv cov hnoos qeev. Muaj nyob rau hauv effervescent thiab lozenges muaj 30 mg ambroxol,thiab nyob rau hauv syrup nrog ib koob ntawm 15 mg ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv 5 ml ntawm kev ncua. Cov tshuaj no yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hnub nyoog pawg, nrog rau kev ua tsis taus pa nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob thiab 3rd trimester ntawm cev xeeb tub. Cov tshuaj yog contraindicated rau lub rwj, nyob rau hauv lub 1st trimester ntawm cev xeeb tub, nrog intolerance rau lub Cheebtsam. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos Ambroxol feem ntau muaj qhov zoo, txij li cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab yooj yim zam los ntawm cov neeg mob. Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua xua lossis kev qaug zog ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem pom.
"Bromhexine" muaj bromhexine hydrochloride ua cov khoom xyaw nquag.
Raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv, cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos tsis yog tib hom tshuaj. Lawv kuj tsim ib qho kev ncua, kev txhaj tshuaj, nrog rau cov ntsiav tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus uas txo cov koob tshuaj. Cov cuab yeej siv rau txhua yam kab mob ntawm lub ntsws ua pa cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov hnoos qeev heev. Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog los sau cov tshuaj rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov menyuam yaus ua ntej hnub nyoog ob xyoos nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas nruj ntawm tus kws kho mob. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm postoperative raws li ib tug prophylactic. "Bromhexine" tau xyaum tsis muaj kev phiv. Tab sis kev kho mob nrog tshuaj hnoos raws li cov lus qhia tsis muab qhov tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, yog li kev siv tshuaj yam tsis muaj kws kho mob cov tshuaj yuav tsis muaj qhov xav tau kev kho mob thiab dag ntxias tus neeg mob qhov kev cia siab.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
"Travisil" - tshuaj rau resorption los ntawm lub complex ntawm ntujCov khoom xyaw tshuaj ntsuab nrog zib ntab thiab menthol tsw.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos Travisil yog cais raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab expectorant. Cov chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj yog muab 1 ntsiav tshuaj 3 zaug ib hnub twg rau ob mus rau peb lub lis piam. Cov khoom no tsis yog siv rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo, thaum cev xeeb tub thiab tsis haum rau cov khoom.
Kev xaiv tshuaj
Cov tshuaj hnoos dab tsi siv rau txhua qhov xwm txheej, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav txim siab ntawm koj tus kheej. Feem ntau qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj yog nyob ntawm ntau yam, xws li qib thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob, cov tsos mob thiab xaus nrog kev muaj peev xwm nyiaj txiag. Tab sis lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg mob yog hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem.
