Statins yog cov tshuaj uas tsuas yog kws kho mob tau sau tseg thiab tsuas yog tom qab kuaj ntshav ntau uas txiav txim siab qib roj cholesterol. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv cov hlab plawv ntawm cov kab mob thiab kis tau cov kab mob pathologies. Thaum muab tshuaj, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum qhia tus neeg mob txog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- statins - lawv yog dab tsi;
- kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj tshuaj.
Tus kws kho mob kuj hais txog qhov tseeb tias statins yuav tsum tau noj tas li. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no lawv yeej tiv thaiv lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig kho tau zoo.
Cov roj (cholesterol)
Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib qho lipid tshwm sim: 80 feem pua yog tsim los ntawm lub siab thiab 20 feem pua yog noj los ntawm cov zaub mov. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb heev: nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm cov cellular, ua kom cov txheej txheem metabolic, tiv thaiv cov hlwb los ntawmraug rau yam tsis zoo, yog koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov kua tsib acid thiab cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej. Cov roj (cholesterol) yog "zoo" thiab "tsis zoo". Thiab los ntawm kev xav txog kev kho mob, qhov kev faib tawm no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- HDL - siab ceev lipoproteins. Cov neeg uas muaj cov roj (cholesterol) siab hauv lawv cov ntshav tsis ua rau mob plawv. Tshaj HDL raug thauj rov qab mus rau daim siab, qhov twg nws nkag mus rau synthesis, yog li nws tsis sib sau hauv cov cholesterol plaques thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv qhov no, kev noj tshuaj statins tsis xav tau, vim tias lub cev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab du.
- LDL - qis lipoproteins tsawg. Lawv nqa qhov phom sij tseem ceeb rau lub cev thaum lawv sib xyaw ua cov roj cholesterol. Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm qhov no tshwm sim? Atherosclerotic deposits nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (ntawm phab ntsa), txhaws lawv, yog li cuam tshuam cov ntshav khiav. Qhov no ua rau muaj oxygen tshaib plab, mob stroke, plawv nres.
Statins - lawv yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, atherosclerosis tau lees paub tias yog ib qho ua rau tuag taus, vim nws yog qhov ua rau myocardial infarction thiab strokes. Tau ntev, cov kev xav ntawm cov kws kho mob hais tias atherosclerosis yog ib qho irreversible thiab ntuj txheej txheem ntawm kev laus ntawm lub cev yog erroneous. Kev tshawb pom ntawm statins yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv ntiaj teb tshuaj: lawv muaj cov cuab yeej txo cov roj cholesterol. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb, uas tau ua dhau 5 xyoos, yog cov ntsuas hauv qab no:
- Txo LDL (cov roj cholesterol tsis zoo) qib los ntawm 35%.
- nce HDL (zoocholesterol) los ntawm 8%.
- 30% txo qis hauv cov hlab ntsha tawg thiab 42% txo qis hauv myocardial infarctions.
Statins yog cov tshuaj uas ua kom nrawm thiab tswj cov synthesis ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv lub cev, txo nws cov concentration los ntawm inhibiting MMC-CoA reductase.
Leej twg yog kws tshuaj statins
Raws li kev tshawb fawb, tom qab noj cov tshuaj, muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv. Tsis muaj pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm statins hauv lwm cov kab mob thiab kab mob. Tab sis cov tshuaj no tsis yog tsuas yog curative, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv. Vim tias statins yog cov tshuaj txo cov roj cholesterol, lawv tau muab tshuaj rau tib neeg hauv cov pawg hauv qab no:
- Cov neeg uas muaj homozygous tsev neeg hypercholesterolemia uas tsis teb rau cov tshuaj lipid-txo qis.
- Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv, tsis hais txog qib roj cholesterol.
- Rau cov neeg mob plawv thiab cov neeg mob angina.
- Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv.
- Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib kom tswj cov qib roj cholesterol.
- Cov neeg mob ntshav siab muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kab mob plawv.
- Cov neeg mob raug kev txom nyem los ntawm atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Cov kab mob xws li atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv hlwb, qis qis, cov hlab ntsha hauv lub raum, nrog rau muaj cov atherosclerotic plaques hauv cov hlab ntsha carotid.
- Cov neeg uas tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob plawv, tab sisNrog cov roj cholesterol siab hauv cov ntshav.
Statins yog cov tshuaj uas yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tawm tsam cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv. Raws li kev txheeb cais, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws uas cov qib ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm cov tshuaj no nce, qhov kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav siab tau txo qis.
rau thiab tawm tsam
Yog li, statins. Dab tsi yog nws thiab ntau npaum li cas lawv tsim nyog - peb tau txiav txim siab saum toj no. Tab sis kev xav ntawm kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj no tsis meej. Muaj qhov tsim nyog "pros" thiab "cons" txog cov tshuaj no. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias cov lus tshaj tawm tau cog lus tias yuav cawm cov pej xeem los ntawm atherosclerosis thiab tag nrho cov kab mob tshwm sim, statins tsis tas li thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov teeb meem ntawm lawv cov kev siv los ntawm cov neeg laus tseem muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb: thawj zaug, statins yog cov tshuaj, tus nqi uas tsis tau txais rau txhua tus neeg; Thib ob, cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li qhov zoo thaum noj tshuaj raws li prophylactic. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam los ntawm ntau lub koom haum, cov kws tshaj lij tau hais hauv qab no:
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Lub npe tshuaj statins Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm statins ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub plawv nres lossis mob hlab ntsha tawg yog qhov tseeb, tab sis cov kev mob tshwm sim ua rau kws kho mob xav ob zaug ua ntej muab tshuaj rau cov neeg mob uas tsis tau ntsib mob plawv yav dhau los.
- Ceev faj tshwj xeeb thaum muab tshuaj statins rau cov neeg uas muajcov tsos mob cataract lossis twb raug tus kab mob no lawm. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kev noj tshuaj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim kab mob cataracts los ntawm 52%.
- Qhov no kuj siv tau rau cov laus uas muaj ntshav qab zib. Noj statins provokes kev loj hlob ntawm cataracts 5.6 npaug sai dua.
Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb statins tau siv hauv kev kho mob ntau thiab ntau zaus thiab coj lawv cov txiaj ntsig. Ib tus kws kho mob uas muaj kev paub dhau los yuav tsum tau qhia tus neeg mob ua ntej yuav tshuaj kho cov tshuaj no, ntawm cov teeb meem hauv qab no:
- Statins - lawv yog dab tsi?
- Yuav ua li cas los ntawm kev noj tshuaj: cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho thiab tiv thaiv.
- Cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab cov teebmeem ntawm kev noj tshuaj.
- Yuav ua li cas thiab noj tshuaj npaum li cas.
Statins thiab cholesterol: lwm sab ntawm lub npib
Tshuaj txo qis cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lwm cov cim hauv lub cev:
- Statins txo qis kev tsim cov roj (cholesterol) nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog nws cov precursor, mevalonate. Nws yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb uas ua haujlwm lom hauv lub cev. Qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau lwm yam kab mob.
- Cov roj cholesterol tsawg tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem ntau dua li cov roj cholesterol siab, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, ntshav ntshav, paj hlwb thiab kab mob siab.
- Raws li kev tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, kev nce qib hauv cov roj cholesterol yog provoked los ntawm cov ntsiab lus magnesium tsawg hauv lub cev. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau angina pectoris, kub siab, ntshav qab zib thiabarrhythmias.
- "phem" cov roj cholesterol yog koom tes hauv kev kho cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qib cellular. Statins tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ua haujlwm no, ua rau myalgia (tsis muaj zog, o, mob leeg) thiab cov leeg nqaij dystrophy.
Side effects
Kev mob ntawm statins thaum lawv siv mus ntev yog qhia los ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim:
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum: khaus, tawv nqaij pob, urticaria, anaphylaxis, exudative erythema, Lyell's syndrome.
- Digestive system: digestive, xeev siab, ntuav, kab mob siab, pancreatitis, jaundice.
- Hematopoietic organ: thrombocytopenia.
- paj hlwb: kiv taub hau, paresthesia, amnesia, peripheral neuropathy, general malaise, qaug zog.
- musculoskeletal system: cramps, mob nraub qaum, mob caj dab, myasitis.
- Cov txheej txheem metabolic: hypoglycemia (qis hauv cov ntshav qab zib), kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntshav qab zib.
siv sijhawm ntev ntawm statins tuaj yeem ua rau insomnia, mob taub hau, impotence, hnyav nce lossis anorexia.
Qee lub hauv paus rau kev xaiv statins
Yog tias, tom qab tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo, nws tau txiav txim siab los sau tshuaj statins, ces nws tsim nyog xav txog qee yam nta: kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov tshuaj thiab muaj cov kab mob ntev.
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statin nqi tshuaj Kev noj statins nrog tshuaj rau gout, ntshav qab zib, thiab ntshav siab tuaj yeem ua rau koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm myopathy.
- Rau cov kab mob siab ntev, koj yuav tsum noj tshuaj nrogntxiv kev ruaj ntseg nta. Cov no yog cov tshuaj qis rosuvastatin thiab pravastatin (Pravaxol). Ua ke nrog lawv, nws yog txwv tsis pub noj tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cawv.
- Rau qhov mob tsis tu ncua lossis kev tawm dag zog uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij puas tsuaj, nws raug nquahu kom noj pravastatin.
- Nrog ceev faj heev tau sau tshuaj rau cov neeg mob raum mob ntev. Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv statins uas muaj tshuaj lom rau lub raum: lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj fluvastatin yog Lescol Forte, atorvastatins yog Lipitor.
Yog tias lub hom phiaj ntawm kev noj statins yog txo qis cov roj cholesterol, ces lawv tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog nicotinic acid. Cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws yog rosuvastatin lossis atorvastatin.
Kev lees txais kev faib tawm ntawm statins
Hais txog lawv txoj haujlwm txo cov roj cholesterol, statins tau muab faib ua 6 pawg:
| txo cov roj (cholesterol), % | Npe ntawm statins |
| 55 | Yrosuvastatin |
| 54 | Ypravastatin |
| 47 | Yatorvastatin |
| 38 | Ysimvastatin |
| 29 | fluvastatin |
| 25 | lovastatin |
Statins (peb teev cov npe tshuaj hauv qab no) raug xaiv thiab raug tshuaj los ntawm kws kho mob raws li qib roj cholesterolhauv ntshav.
Rozuvastatin
| Drug name | Ib daim foos | ||
| type | siab | pob khoom ntau | |
| YCrestor | table. | 10mg | 7 thiab 28 pcs |
| Rozuvastatin | table. | 10mg | 28pcs |
| "Akorta" | table. | 10mg | 30pcs |
| "Rozucard" | table. | 10mg | 90pcs |
| Tevasrol | table. | 10mg | 30pcs |
| Roxera | table. | 10mg | 30pcs |
| Martenil | table. | 10mg | 30pcs |
| "Rozulip" | table. | 10mg | 28pcs |
Qhov nruab nrab noj txhua hnub ntawm rosuvastatin yog 5-10 mg. Rau cov neeg mob hnyav hauv kev kho mob ntawm tsev neeg hypercholesterolemia, koob tshuaj txhua hnub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40 mg. Nws kuj yog qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai. Cov tshuaj yog hluavtaws.
YPravastatin
| Npetshuaj | Ib daim foos | ||
| type | siab | pob khoom ntau | |
| "Lipostat" | table. | 10mg | 28pcs |
Cov cai niaj hnub ntawm pravastatin yog 20-40 mg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub koob tshuaj (80 mg) tsis siv vim qhov kev paub tsis tiav ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Cov tshuaj yog semi-synthetic.
Atorvastatin
Atorvastatin yog cov tshuaj hluavtaws thib peb. Ntawm cov statins ntawm nws tiam, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, piv txwv li, nws yog ob zaug zoo li fluvastatin. Thawj txoj kev kho yog pom zoo nrog 10-20 mg ib hnub twg. Thaum tsis muaj qhov xav tau, qhov koob tshuaj tau nce mus rau 40 mg ib hnub. Atorvastatin kuj tseem siv tau ntawm 80 mg ib hnub twg rau kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob uas mob plawv. Cov tshuaj yog hluavtaws.
| Drug name | Ib daim foos | ||
| type | siab | pob khoom ntau | |
| Atomax | table. | 10 | 30 |
| Atorvastatin | table. | 20 | 30 |
| Canon | table. | 10 | 30 |
| Atoris | table. | 10 | 100 |
| Liprimar | table. | 10 | 30 |
| Torvacard | table. | 10 | 30 |
| Tulip | table. | 10 | 30 |
| Liptonorm | table. | 20 | 30 |
YSimvastatin
Simvastatin yog ib qho tshuaj semi-synthetic uas yog ob zaug zoo li lovastatin. Thawj koob tshuaj txhua hnub yog 10-20 mg, thaum tsis muaj qhov xav tau, nws tuaj yeem nce mus rau 40 mg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub rau ib hnub yog 80 mg ib hnub.
| Drug name | Ib daim foos | ||
| type | siab | pob khoom ntau | |
| Vazilip | table. | 10 | 14 |
| Zokor | table. | 10 | 28 |
| Ovencor | table. | 10 | 30 |
| "Simvahexal" | table. | 20 | 30 |
| "Simvacard" | table. | 10 | 28 |
| YSimvastatin | table. | 10 | 20 |
| Simvastol | table. | 10 | 28 |
| "Symvor" | table. | 10 | 30 |
| Simgal | table. | 10 | 28 |
| Simlo | table. | 10 | 28 |
| Syncard | table. | 10 | 30 |
YFluvastatin
| Drug name | Ib daim foos | ||
| type | siab | pob khoom ntau | |
| Lescol Forte | table. | 80 | 28 |
Cov tshuaj hluavtaws fluvastatin tau muab tshuaj ntawm 20-40 mg ib hnub, tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws koob tshuaj yog 80 mg ib hnub twg. Nws raug sau tseg rau cov neeg mob uas tau txais cov tshuaj cytotoxic tom qab hloov lub cev.
Luvastatin
| Drug name | Ib daim foos | ||
| type | siab | pob khoom ntau | |
| "Cardiotatain" | table. | 20 | 30 |
| "Choletar" | table. | 20 | 20 |
| Y"Cardiostatin" | table. | 40 | 30 |
Lovastatin yog tib yam tshuaj statin. Tau txais los ntawm fungus Aspergillus terreus. Thawj koob tshuaj yog 20 mg ib hnub twg. Nws yog siv ib zaug, hmo ntuj, tom qab noj hmo. Qee zaum, tus nqi txhua hnub tau nce mus rau 40 mg ib hnub. Xyaum tsis siv hauv kev kho mob vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj analogue niaj hnub no.
