Osteotomy - yog dab tsi?

Cov txheej txheem:

Osteotomy - yog dab tsi?
Osteotomy - yog dab tsi?

Video: Osteotomy - yog dab tsi?

Video: Osteotomy - yog dab tsi?
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Osteotomy yog kev cuam tshuam kev phais, lub hom phiaj yog los kho cov hlab ntsha ploj los ntawm kev txiav cov pob txha. Feem ntau, nws yog siv los tshem tawm qhov deformities ntawm cov ceg, uas tso cai rau koj rov qab tus neeg mob lub peev xwm los saib xyuas tus kheej thiab txav mus los.

Cov ntsiab lus dav dav

Osteotomy phais yog ua los ntawm cov kws kho mob uas tsim nyog tau txais kev raug mob. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, zoo li qhov kev cuam tshuam yog qhov nyuaj thiab yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm ntau los kho tus neeg mob, tab sis ua raws li cov kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo yuav sai sai tau tus neeg mob rov qab los ntawm nws txhais taw.

osteotomy yog
osteotomy yog

Osteotomy yog kev ua haujlwm uas tau ua nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - osteotomes, Jigli saws, hluav taws xob saws thiab cov khoom siv ultrasonic. Lawv pab ua qhov ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab txiav cov pob txha. Tom qab khaws cov khoom tawg, cov pob txha tawg yog tsau nrog cov ntsia hlau, cov koob knitting, thiab daim hlau. Tsis zoo li kev puas tsuaj, qhov nrum tsis tshua muaj siv los tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm kev cog lus hauv cov pob qij txha.

Kev faib tawm

Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev nkag mus rau kev ua haujlwm, cov nram qab no hom osteotomy yog qhov txawv:

  1. Qhib - xav tau kev nkag mus dav rau cov pob txha. Tom qab qhov kev txiav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous thiab cov nqaij ntshiv, lub periosteum yog cais nrog ib tug raspator, ces cov pob txha yog dissected. Cov tawg yog tsau rau hauv txoj hauj lwm physiological, nrog plaster cam khwb cia rau saum.
  2. Kaw - nqa los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm ob peb centimeters. Cov leeg tsis raug txiav, tab sis stratified kom tau mus rau cov pob txha. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug chisel, lub periosteum yog sib cais thiab ob peb lub tshuab rauj ntawm tus kov dissect cov pob txha. Cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha raug tshem tawm thiab kho nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj. Feem ntau siv rau transverse osteotomies.

Cov kev cuam tshuam hauv qab no yog qhov txawv raws li cov duab ntawm kev txiav tawm:

  • transverse;
  • stair;
  • oblique;
  • zigzag;
  • articulated (spherical, arcuate, wedge-shaped, angular).
pob txha osteotomy
pob txha osteotomy

Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, kev phais yog cov hauv qab no:

  • kho osteotomy;
  • aimed ntawm kev hloov caj npab ntev;
  • aimed ntawm kev txhim kho kev txhawb nqa muaj nuj nqi.

Qhia rau kev cuam tshuam

Osteotomy yog kev ua haujlwm orthopedic uas tau ua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho rau kev saib xyuas:

  • congenital lossis kis tau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab deformities ntawm pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, feem ntau ntev tubularpob txha (thigh, xub pwg, sab ceg);
  • ankylosis - qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke vim muaj cov adhesions ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, pob txha lossis pob txha ntawm cov pob txha;
  • congenital hip dysplasia (dislocation);
  • pob txha uas kho tsis raug;
  • osteomyelitis;
  • muaj cov neoplasms lossis metastases;
  • qhov tshwm sim ntawm rickets hauv keeb kwm;
  • arthroplasty;
  • lwm yam tsis xws luag ntawm lub cev musculoskeletal.

Kev ua haujlwm kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj: osteotomy ntawm lub qhov ntswg, kho lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag, lub puab tsaig tsis zoo.

qhov ntswg osteotomy
qhov ntswg osteotomy

YContraindications

Muaj ntau yam hauv qhov muaj qhov kev phais ncua sijhawm:

  • kis kab mob thaum lub sijhawm xav tau pob txha osteotomy lossis ob lub lis piam ua ntej kev phais;
  • kab mob ntawm lub ntsws thiab cov hlab plawv nyob rau theem ntawm decompensation;
  • mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
  • bearing period;
  • raum lossis siab tsis ua haujlwm;
  • muaj cov pob khaus lossis lwm yam pob khaus hauv qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nkag mus.

pros and cons

Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov mob syndrome (yog tias muaj) thiab kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Piv txwv li, osteotomy ntawm lub hauv caug pob qij txha yuav tshem tawm qhov mob thaum lub sijhawm txav mus los, rov ua haujlwm flexion thiab extensor zog, tshem tawm cov adhesions articular.nto. Tus kab mob no nres nws txoj kev loj hlob.

kev ua haujlwm osteotomy
kev ua haujlwm osteotomy

Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov ua tau ntawm qhov pom qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ceg lossis pob qij txha. Ntxiv mus, yog tias tus neeg mob xav tau arthroplasty nrog kev hloov pauv, nws yuav nyuaj dua ua nws tom qab osteotomy.

Muaj Teeb Meem

Osteotomy yog ib txoj haujlwm uas tau ua tiav ntau xyoo los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob tom qab phais. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam hauv tib neeg lub cev yog qhov ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau ntxiv, vim tias ntxiv rau qhov tsim nyog ntawm tus kws tshaj lij kev ua haujlwm, peb tab tom tham txog tus kheej tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev.

Cov teeb meem ntawm txhua yam ntawm osteotomy tuaj yeem yog:

  • kis kab mob tom qab lub qhov txhab - yuav tsum tau teem caij thauj cov tshuaj tua kab mob;
  • tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom tawg thiab tawg ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg - reposition yog nqa tawm nrog ntxiv fixation;
  • qeeb pob txha fusion - multivitamin complexes tau sau tseg uas muaj cov kab tsim nyog (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc);
  • tsim kev sib koom ua ke tsis tseeb - yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv;
  • paresthesia - ua txhaum ntawm qhov rhiab heev ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev phais vim yog kev sib tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntsha (tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv, rov zoo ntawm nws tus kheej);
  • implant rejection - endoprosthetics xav tau.

kho osteotomy

Ua cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws yog siv rau kev kho pob txha tsis raug,Congenital defects nyob rau hauv cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, kev loj hlob ntawm ankylosis los yog cuav pob qij txha, deformities ntawm cov pob txha ntawm ko taw nrog impaired lub cev muaj zog muaj nuj nqi, kom tshem tawm qhov pom kev cosmetic defects.

Ua ntej qhov kev cuam tshuam, kev kuaj X-ray yog ua kom paub meej qhov chaw ntawm cov pob txha, qhov chaw ntawm kev phais yav tom ntej, thiab qhov dav dav ntawm cov pob txha. Yog tias tsim nyog, suav lossis magnetic resonance imaging yog ua. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv yog muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob ib leeg.

kho osteotomy
kho osteotomy

Kev ua haujlwm yog ua hauv tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog li 3-4 teev, nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog. Tom qab kev txiav cov pob txha, cov khoom tawg tau kho nrog Ilizarov apparatus (kev ua haujlwm yog ua ntawm cov ceg tawv) lossis nrog cov khoom siv hlau tshwj xeeb uas tau ntxig ncaj qha rau hauv cov pob txha (ko taw osteotomy).

Ilizarov Apparatus yog ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas siv rau hauv kev kho mob thiab orthopedics los kho, compress lossis ncab cov pob txha tawg nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Tom qab ua haujlwm, kev tswj x-ray raug coj los txiav txim qhov kho kom raug.

Cov teeb meem ntawm kho osteotomy

Cov teeb meem tshwm sim tom qab kho cov kab mob pathological suav nrog:

  • mob hnyav, tsis tau daws los ntawm cov tshuaj analgesics;
  • tawg ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub cuab yeej lossis cov qauv hlau;
  • kev txhim kholos ntshav;
  • hematoma tsim;
  • kev hloov ntawm cov pob txha tawg txheeb ze rau ib leeg hauv ib lub dav hlau;
  • lwm yam teeb meem.
ko taw osteotomy
ko taw osteotomy

Osteotomy hauv kev kho hniav thiab phais maxillofacial

Hauv kev kho hniav, osteotomy ntawm lub puab tsaig yog ua, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ywj pheej lossis ua ib theem ntawm kev phais. Nws yog siv rau kev tshem tawm lossis tawg, txhawm rau kho malocclusion. Cov incisions yog ua raws lub puab tsaig tom qab cov molars.

Tom qab kho lub puab tsaig nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm physiological, ib daim ntaub qhwv lub siab yog siv los kho qhov chaw ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab puab tsaig. Kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob yog tam sim no tau sau tseg kom tsis txhob muaj kev loj hlob ntawm suppuration thiab tsim ntawm osteomyelitis. Ob peb lub elastic bands muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav, qhov chaw uas tau saib xyuas txhua hnub los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Cov sutures raug tshem tawm tom qab 2 lub lis piam thiab lub puab tsaig ntawm lub puab tsaig tom qab ib hlis kom ua tiav cov theem kev kho mob ntawm kev kho hniav tom ntej.

osteotomy ntawm lub puab tsaig
osteotomy ntawm lub puab tsaig

Hauv kev phais maxillofacial, osteotomy ntawm lub qhov ntswg yog siv, uas yog ib feem ntawm rhinoplasty. Cov lus qhia rau kev ua yog:

  • qhov nkhaus ntawm tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg;
  • pob txha loj;
  • yuav tsum tau txav cov pob txha cuam tshuam rau qhov ntswg septum.

Thaum lub osteotomy ntawm lub qhov ntswg, tus kws phais yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev zoo nkauj: kaw lub ru tsev ntawm lub qhov ntswg, tshem tawm cov hump thiab straightening curvature ntawm nraub qaum, nqaim.sab phab ntsa. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov pob txha tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau patency ntawm lub ntsws sab sauv, yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab lub cev ntawm tus neeg mob raug muab coj los rau hauv tus account.

Hom nasal osteotomy:

  • lateral (marginal), ua los ntawm perforation lossis linear method;
  • medial (center);
  • top;
  • intermediate.

Hom kev cuam tshuam siv yog xaiv tus kheej, suav nrog tus neeg mob qhov teeb meem, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov mob ntawm cov pob txha, qhov xav tau ntawm kev kho mob phais.

Txhua yam osteotomy yuav tsum tau ua tom qab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tau tsa lawm. Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem thiab yuav tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pob txha.

Pom zoo: