Cov kab mob Oncological cuam tshuam ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pej xeem. Koj tuaj yeem pom tam sim ntawd hauv koj tus kheej lossis cov neeg koj hlub mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uterus, qog mammary, ntshav, thiab txawm tias mob qog noj ntshav hauv qab tus nplaig. Tib neeg paub qhov tsawg tshaj plaws txog qhov kawg, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog suav tias yog ib qho txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Tab sis tsis muaj kab mob los li ntawd. Muaj cov laj thawj rau txhua yam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov tsos mob ntawm thawj theem. Yuav kom nyab xeeb, koj yuav tsum paub txhua yam txog mob qog noj ntshav.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Kab mob ntawm tus nplaig tau nkag siab tias yog qog nqaij hlav, muaj feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm squamous epithelium. Thawj cov lus ceeb toom ntawm lub cev txog qhov muaj tus kab mob no tsis quav ntsej los ntawm ntau tus, thiab yog li ntawd tsuas yog nyob rau theem tom ntej tuaj yeem kuaj mob qog noj ntshav. Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau txiv neej ntau dua li poj niam. Folk tshuaj pab kom txo tau qhov tshwm sim, tab sis lawv kho tsis tau kiag li. Kev kho mob yog sau los ntawm tus kws phais mob oncologist, coj mus rau hauv tus account tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob thiab theem ntawm kev loj hlob qog.
Raws
Kab mobyeej tsis tshwm sim li ntawd, thiab tus nplaig mob cancer tsis muaj qhov zam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kawm cov cim qhia thiab cov tsos mob txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm teeb meem. Feem ntau muaj kev pheej hmoo yog cov uas nthuav tawm lawv lub cev rau cov hauv qab no:
- smoking;
- haus ntau dhau;
- chew ntau yam tshuaj sib xyaw;
- kev kho qhov ncauj tsis zoo;
- tshuaj thiab thermal hlawv;
- kev puas tsuaj rau tus nplaig.
Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau yam khoom no tau ntev los ua tus cwj pwm phem rau ntau tus, tsim txom lawv thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej. Nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg qhia koj tus kheej tias yog tias tus nplaig mob qog noj ntshav tsis tau tsim nyob rau tsib xyoos ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, ces nws yuav tsis tshwm sim dua. Neoplasm tuaj yeem pib tsim txawm tias 20 xyoo tom qab haus luam yeeb lossis haus dej haus cawv.
Cov mob Precancerous
Muaj ntau yam kab mob hu ua precancerous. Cov no yog cov uas pib loj hlob thiab vam meej, thiab nws thiaj li ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm thawj theem ntawm tus nplaig mob cancer.
Cov no suav nrog:
- mob rwj;
- Bowen's disease;
- glossy;
- erosion;
- leukoplakia.
Yog tias lawv tsis kho raws sijhawm, nws yuav nyuaj kom tsis txhob mob qog noj ntshav. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau mus kuaj mob tsis tu ncua, txwv tsis pub lub tsev kho mob hauv cheeb tsam yuav raug hloov los ntawm lub tsev kho mob oncological.
Symptomatics
Yuav kom txhua yam xaus zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li caslees paub tus nplaig mob cancer. Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob, uas tau them sai sai rau lub sijhawm, tuaj yeem cawm tib neeg txoj sia, vim tias kev kho mob raws sij hawm yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua tiav ntawm tus kab mob.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ulcerative, tib neeg thawj zaug pom tias muaj mob. Lawv tshwm sim tam sim ntawd ntawm tus nplaig lossis hauv qhov ncauj thiab tsis kho txhua. Maj mam, lawv tuaj yeem loj tuaj, ua rau khaus, txiav qhov mob thiab kub hnyiab.
Thaum thawj theem, qhov mob tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv qhov ncauj. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau thaj tsam ntawm cov pos hniav, sab plhu, caj pas. Feem ntau ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav yog nyob rau sab nraud, yog li mob feem ntau tshwm sim rau ntawd. Lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm ib puag ncig cov ntaub so ntswg yog compacted. Cov pob dawb tuaj yeem tshwm. Qee lub sij hawm squamous cell carcinoma ntawm tus nplaig tsis pom kom txog thaum metastases tshwm.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm tus nplaig kuj yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Ua ke nrog cov qog los ntshav, qhov no tsuas yog pib thab rau theem tom qab.
Cov tsos mob muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:
- Mob hauv lub tuam tsev, pob ntseg, qhov ncauj, nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau. Lawv yog migratory.
- khaw caj pas, mob thaum nqos.
- Ua pa tsis zoo.
- Toos ntog. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum metastases cuam tshuam rau lub puab tsaig.
- o ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab.
- xav ntau dhau los ntawm qhov ncauj khaus.
- Ntseeg lub cev hnov qab hauv caj pas.
Nyob rau hauv cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshavNws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tig mus rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd thiab tsis txhob sim kho nws nrog cov tshuaj pej xeem. Kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej tsuas yog ua rau tus kab mob hnyav zuj zus xwb.
Nws puas pom tau yooj yim?
Ntawm txhua hom mob qog noj ntshav, nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los kuaj mob qog noj ntshav ntawm tus nplaig. Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob yog nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ilv tshaj plaws cheeb tsam, qhov twg txawm me ntsis kev hloov yog pom tam sim ntawd.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj pom qhov tsis xis nyob hauv koj lub qhov ncauj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob kuaj koj tus kheej tam sim ntawd. Qhov no yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob oncologist. Tus kws kho mob tsim nyog yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntau txawm pom pom pom muaj kev hloov pauv pathological. Cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam hauv nws cov tsos yog txawv txawv ntawm qhov noj qab haus huv. Cov no tej zaum yuav greyish los yog liab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, ib tug liab tubercle uas ntom rau kov.
Stages
Hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim, thawj qhov chaw yog qhov swb ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm nruab nrab ntawm peb tus nplaig, qhov thib ob - mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tus nplaig, tsawg zaus koj tuaj yeem pom cov qog ntawm tus nplaig. qab tus nplaig. Tag nrho cov hom no muaj ib qho kev txiav txim siab theem, uas yog:
- 1 theem. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov qog me me tshwm, feem ntau nws tsis tshaj 2 centimeters. Feem ntau nws yog nyob rau hauv lub mucous thiab submucosal daim nyias nyias. Kev kis tus kab mob metastases thiab qhov txhab ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis tau tshwm sim.
- 2 theem. Cov qog yog loj hlob, nws twb ntau tshaj 2 cm, tab sis tsis pub tshaj 4 cm. Txhua yam tsos mob ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav los yog lwm yam kabmob tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob oncologist. Feem ntau metastasesmuaj nyob rau hauv lub puab tsaig, nyob rau hauv lub puab tsaig.
- 3 theem. Cov qog pib kis mus ntxiv thiab ntxiv, ntes feem ntau ntawm tus nplaig. Tej zaum yuav maj mam txav mus rau hauv qab ntawm tus nplaig, vim tias tag nrho tus nplaig ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
- 4 theem. Lub foob ntawm tus nplaig twb cuam tshuam rau feem ntau ntawm nws, pib txav mus rau cov pob txha. Metastases tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si mobile thiab immobile. Localized rau ib cheeb tsam.
Zoo nyob ntawm theem, tus kws phais mob oncologist txiav txim siab seb qhov kev kho mob twg yuav sau.
Forms of metastasis
Metastasis muab faib ua peb hom.
- thawj tus yog ulcerative. Nws ua rau ulcerations uas los ntshav thiab muaj jagged npoo.
- Qhov thib ob yog papillary, muaj lub foob nyob rau ntawm tus nplaig. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem pom raws cov npoo ntawm tus nplaig, ntawm sab nraub qaum, hauv qab. Daim ntawv qeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov qog loj hlob.
- Qhov thib peb - infiltrated, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas mob qog noj ntshav, ntawm me ntsis kov, hnov mob heev. Lub foob tsis muaj ib tug delineated ciam teb, sticks tawm zoo li ib tug tubercle ntawm tus nplaig. Cov kab mob tsis muaj kiag li.
Tsis tshua muaj, tab sis nws tseem tshwm sim tias qhov neoplasm ntawm tus nplaig tsis mob. Hauv qhov no nws tuaj yeem yog:
- Hemangioma. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau sab plhu, palate, di ncauj, pos hniav. Kev tsim muaj xim xiav-ntsuab lossis xiav xim thiab nce nrog kev ntxhov siab lossis thaum lub cev tawm dag zog. Yog cov qognias, nws pib tig daj ntseg. Kev kho mob tuaj yeem yog hluav taws xob, phais lossis ua ke.
- Linguistic goiter. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm embryogenesis. Cov qog tshwm ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tus nplaig thiab ncav cuag 1 cm loj. Nce maj mam loj hlob qeeb heev. Nws muaj ib tug du nto. Kev kho mob phais.
- Dermoids. Xws li formations yog localized nyob rau hauv lub puab tsaig cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Kev phais tshem tawm yooj yim txo tus kab mob.
- Tshuaj hlwv. Tej zaum yuav ua rau ntawm tus nplaig thiab lub puab tsaig nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hlwv nrog cov ntsiab lus tuab.
Diagnosis
Kev kho tau zoo tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas raws sijhawm. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov mob ntawm cov mucous membrane ntawm tus nplaig, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Yog tias koj pom cov kab mob mus ntev, dawb lossis liab, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Koj tuaj yeem kuaj pom tus kab mob no ntawm kev kuaj thawj zaug.
Txhawm rau kom tau txais daim duab tiav ntawm chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev sib kis ntawm kev kawm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau mus kuaj cytological. Nws yog tswj los ntawm lub tsev kho mob oncology thiab oncologists. Cov kev kuaj mob xws li magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy, thiab xam tomography kuj siv.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho mob tuaj yeem ua rau ob qho kev qhia: kev kho mob ntawm metastases lossis phais, hluav taws xob raug rau qhov tsim tsis zoo. Nyob rau thawj theem, kev siv hluav taws xob raug rau tus nplaig mob qog noj ntshav tau ua tiav. Qhov kev cia siab yog qhov zoo - 60-85% ntawm cov neeg mob xaus rau kev kho tiav. Yog ibmuab kev phais thiab hluav taws xob cuam tshuam, ces nws tuaj yeem kho tau 94% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Kev kho phais ntshai cov neeg mob, thiab lub ntsiab lus tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias tom qab kev ua haujlwm lub neej zoo ntawm tus neeg mob ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Tom qab resection ntawm ib feem ntawm lub puab tsaig, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, palate, puab tsaig, tus nplaig, muaj teeb meem nrog noj mov, hais lus ua si. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum qhov no tsuas yog tsim nyog, txij li thaj chaw cuam tshuam tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog tso tseg los ntawm kev tshem tawm thaj chaw teeb meem.
Ntxiv rau qhov kev phais, txoj kev ntawm Banch, Crile lossis excision ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem, lossis yog tias muaj ntau yam metastases thiab tus neeg mob tsis kam phais, siv tshuaj khomob. Nws tsis lav rov qab. Kev kho mob zoo ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob lub neej ntev li tsib xyoos lossis ntau dua, tab sis txhua yam nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob, kev loj hlob, muaj metastases, kev noj qab haus huv thiab hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Qhov ntse tshaj yog tiv thaiv tus nplaig. Kev kho mob hauv qhov no tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Kev tiv thaiv suav nrog ua ntej ntawm tag nrho kev haus luam yeeb. Qhov no siv rau luam yeeb, kav, luam yeeb, hookahs, tshuaj thiab intoxicants. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ntxiv rau tus nplaig mob qog noj ntshav, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav thiab ntau yam kab mob. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau kev siv cawv thiab sim txo qis kom tsawg.
Qhov tseeb tias txiv neej muaj feem ntau dua cov poj niam kom mob qog noj ntshav ntawm tus nplaig yog vim qhov tseeb tiasCov txiv neej feem ntau haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv. Tab sis tsis ntev los no, tau muaj ib txoj hauv kev loj hlob ntawm poj niam haus luam yeeb thiab haus dej cawv, vim tias cov poj niam tau pib tawm tsam cov txiv neej hauv cov kev txheeb cais tsis txaus ntseeg.
Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm kev saib xyuas qhov ncauj.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum txhuam koj cov hniav raws sijhawm, thaum sawv ntxov, ua ntej mus pw thiab nyiam dua tom qab noj mov. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob hnov qab mus ntsib kws kho hniav raws sij hawm, vim tias cov hniav lwj thiab tawg ua rau raug mob rau ntawm tus nplaig thiab qhov ncauj mucosa.
