Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob niaj hnub no, fungal pneumonia (tsis yog txhua tus paub tias nws yog dab tsi) muaj ntau dua li ob peb xyoos dhau los. Tus kab mob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub ntsws los ntawm kev kis kab mob. Txij li cov kab mob fungal muaj ntau haiv neeg, ob qho tib si kab mob thiab kab mob ntawm pab pawg neeg muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem ua rau tus kab mob no.
Lub ntsiab mob rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov mob yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, fungal pneumonia yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob sib cais, uas hauv cov lus kho mob hu ua pneumomycosis.
Etiology
Hnub no, qhov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev nce ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm pneumomycosis yog mob heev. Qhov kev tsis zoo no tau lees paub los ntawm WHO cov ntaub ntawv.
Qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov kws kho mob. Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm tus kab mob yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov tsos mob ntawm fungal pneumonia yog tsis tshua muaj pronounced, thiab nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub tsev kho mob zoo li lwm yam pathologies ntawm lub pa ib ntsuj av tau.
Tib lub sijhawm, tus kab mob yog suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm kev mob ntsws. Thaum twg rauCov kab mob hauv lub cev muaj tag nrho cov xwm txheej zoo, nws pib ua kom nrawm nrawm, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Txij li cov fungi muaj cov kab mob hnyav heev, uas yog, muaj peev xwm kis tau sai sai thoob plaws lub cev, tus kab mob no nyuaj heev.
Cov kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cell, yooj yim kov yeej cov kab mob sib kis. Interestingly, yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm pneumomycosis feem ntau yog qhov tsis ua raws li cov qauv kev huv hauv theem pib. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev kis mob yog lub caij hloov pauv, thaum muaj kev mob khaub thuas ntau ntxiv hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Tom qab tag nrho, lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob cab loj heev.
Fungal pneumonia tuaj yeem yog thawj, uas yog, yog ib yam kab mob sib cais. Tab sis feem ntau, pneumomycosis manifests nws tus kheej tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lwm yam pathologies: ntsws abscess, bronchitis nrog obstructive, thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Caus ntawm pneumomycosis
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam tsim kom muaj qhov chaw zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab opportunistic microflora, vim tias lawv txo qis lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no suav nrog:
- mob khaub thuas;
- muaj cov kab mob ntev;
- kab mob plab;
- siv tsis tau tshuaj tua kab mob.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov kawg, txij li feem ntau ua rau mob ntsws ua paug.tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws paub tias ntau cov tshuaj ntawm cov koob no tua tsis tau tsuas yog cov kab mob pathogenic xwb, tab sis kuj cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg.
Raws li txoj cai, tom qab xws li "kev kho mob" qhov sib npaug ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab zom mov raug cuam tshuam, uas ua rau plab hnyuv dysbacteriosis. Tab sis qhov teeb meem ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tso tseg, vim tias qhov xwm txheej tab tom txhim kho raws qhov nkhaus nce ntxiv.
Parasites, xav tias tsis muaj dab tsi hem lawv, pib ua kom nquag plias, tsim cov cheeb tsam thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Nov yog qhov lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg.
Risk pawg
Raws li cov xwm txheej nrog, muaj ntau pab pawg neeg uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob ntsws fungal.
Pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab muaj cov neeg mob uas:
- malignant pathologies (leukemia, lymphoproliferative qog) xav tau kev kho hluav taws xob mus sij hawm ntev lossis siv tshuaj khomob;
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- AIDS;
- kab mob TB;
- qee yam mob ntshav qab zib;
- dysbacteriosis provoked los ntawm irrational siv tshuaj tua kab mob;
- bronchial hawb pob;
- mob tonsillitis.
Pneumomycosis hem cov neeg mob uas tau hloov pauv ntawm ib yam khoom hauv nruab nrog cev, vim tias cov haujlwm no ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus neeg pub microflora thiab ib puag ncig ntawm tus neeg txais.
Koj yuav tsum ntshai tus kab mob:
- poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub, yog tias lawv muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatorycheeb tsam urogenital;
- cev xeeb tub;
- me nyuam yau;
- rau cov laus;
- rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob loj tuaj;
- cov neeg mob txuas nrog lub tshuab ua pa (cov pa hluav taws xob ua pa).
Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum paub tias pneumomycosis feem ntau ua ke nrog cov kab mob fungal ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ntsia thawv phaj, mucous membranes.
Ntau hom kab mob fungal
Cov kab mob fungal muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Vim li no, nws nyuaj heev rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov kab mob sib kis.
Pwm thiab cov poov xab fungi, pneumocysts thiab lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob. Yog li, nyob ntawm tus kab mob, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no ntawm pneumomycosis yog qhov txawv:
- Actinomycosis.
- Candidamicosis.
- Blastomycosis.
- Histoplasmosis.
- Streptomycosis.
- YCoccidioidomycosis.
- Pneumocytosis.
- YMucomycosis.
Aspergillosis Aspergillosis
Lub npe ntawm txhua daim ntawv qhia txog kab mob tshwj xeeb. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv pawg me no ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kab mob cab kuj muaj cov thawj coj.
Raws li kev kho mob qhia tau hais tias, feem ntau qhov ua txhaum ntawm cov kab mob ntsws fungal yog Candida albicans, tsawg dua tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm streptomycosis.
Qee cov kab mob muaj npe nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj nyob ntsiag to nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev, tab sis thaum tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, lawv dhau los ua tus kab mob. Yog licov neeg mob AIDS kho tsis tau thiab feem ntau tuag.
Kev kis tus kab mob
Vim cov kab mob fungal yog kab mob, nws tuaj yeem kis tau sai sai ntawm cov neeg mob mus rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv. Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kis tus kab mob yog huab cua, uas yog, thaum cov kab mob nkag mus rau ib puag ncig thaum hnoos.
Qhov yuav kis tau tus kab mob los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob muaj ntau. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb sab hauv yog feem ntau koom nrog, thaum cov kab mob pathogenic tau qhib rau hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog los ntawm tus kab mob.
Tshwj xeeb yog yuav tsum ceev faj ntawm cov kab mob nosocomial, uas feem ntau tshwm sim vim kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev huv thiab kev tu cev los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Txoj kev kuaj mob pneumomycosis
Kuv yuav tsum hais tam sim ntawd tias kev kuaj mob suav nrog ntau yam kev ua ub no, kev siv uas yuav pab kom kuaj tau qhov tseeb. Lawv yog cov hauv qab no:
- Thaum xav tias muaj kab mob ntsws fungal, thawj qhov tseem ceeb yog kev mob siab rau keeb kwm. Piv txwv li, yog tias, raws li cov lus nug ntxaws, nws tau tsim tias ib tus neeg tau noj ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob ntev ntev, nws yuav muaj peev xwm xav tau tam sim ntawd muaj mob ntsws ntawm cov kab mob fungal ntawm keeb kwm.
- Nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev kuaj mob, kev kawm tiav hauv chav kuaj tau ua tiav, ob qho tib si hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg mob hluas. Kev kuaj ntshav kom ntxaws tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas qhov hloov pauv hauv cov mis leukocyte, qhov ua kom nrawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv erythrocytes (ESR), kev hloov pauv hauv lwm cov cim tseem ceeb. ATNtxiv rau qhov no, kev sim serological thiab txawm tias kev tshawb nrhiav caj ces molecular tau ua tiav.
- X-ray kuaj pom qhov pom ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv lub ntsws. Yog li, raws li kev hloov pauv, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov foci ntawm infiltration, tsim ntawm abscesses, kom pom cov kab noj hniav uas muaj exudate.
- Kev tshuaj xyuas ib txwm ntawm tus neeg mob nrog kev mloog lub ntsws kuj muab nws cov txiaj ntsig: qhov mob tau sau tseg rau ntawm qhov cuam tshuam, cov ntaub ntawv auscultation hloov pauv.
Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv kev kuaj xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal yog kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob.
Cov tsos mob ntawm pneumomycosis
Daim duab kho mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal yog nyob ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau kis tus kab mob. Muaj tseeb tiag, qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv kev kho mob, txij li kev kho mob pneumomycosis yog tib yam rau txhua qhov kev xaiv paub.
Txoj kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam yaus
Kab mob hnyav tshaj plaws tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. Feem ntau cov txheej txheem yog ceev paced. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob ntsws fungal, ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, cov tawv nqaij xiav, ua tsis taus pa yog pom.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, tus menyuam tsis nco qab, thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog cov kws kho mob ua haujlwm tau zoo tuaj yeem cawm tus neeg mob me. Qhov chaw kho mob mob hnyav no ua rau nyuaj rau kev kho.
Tus kab mob kis mus rau cov neeg laus li cas
Ntau hom kab mob fungal nyob rau theem pib ntawm cov neeg laus muaj qhov zoo sib xwscov tsos mob. Feem ntau, thaum pib ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, daim duab kho mob ntawm pneumomycosis zoo li atypical pneumonia. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau, daim duab yog fuzzy, cov tsos mob ntawm fungal pneumonia nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus yog qhov muag plooj:
- npau taws ua npaws sau tseg;
- tshwm hnoos qhuav;
- tus neeg mob yws tias tsis muaj zog;
- mob nqaij yuav tshwm sim;
- thaum mloog, cov lus qhuav qhuav pom meej meej, tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev mob ntsws.
Nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav, tom qab ob peb hnub tus hnoos yuav khaus nrog hnoos qeev. Feem ntau nws muaj cov ntsiab lus purulent, uas qhia tau hais tias ib qho abscess tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntsws.
hnoos yog paroxysmal. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau nrog kev tawm tsam hnyav, cov infiltrate daws, thiab nrog rau nws cov ntsiab lus, cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov kab mob fungi raug pov tseg. Fungal pneumonia feem ntau ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li pleurisy.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev kho mob txaus ntawm cov theem pib ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory los tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub ntsws.
Cov tsos mob ntawm Candidiasis
mob ntsws los ntawm cov kab mob Candida feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav. Piv txwv li, fungal pneumonia yog tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus uas tau txais tshuaj kho mob. Txij li thaum kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg mob no tsis muaj zog heev, cov txheej txheem inflammatory tuaj yeem tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev mob hnyav heev yam tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias.
Ib txhiarooj plaub, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tus kab mob loj hlob sai. Ua tsis taus pa luv, mob hauv siab hauv siab, nce qhov kub thiab txias rau qhov tseem ceeb. Nrog rau theem nrab pulmonary candidiasis (pneumonia), feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob, cov neeg mob no muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cysts thiab atelectasis (collapse ntawm lub ntsws, ua rau impaired cua).
Ntawm cov teeb meem nquag ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm pneumomycosis yog kev loj hlob ntawm sepsis.
Aspergillosis ntawm lub ntsws
Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab mob ntsws fungal. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsim cov abscess uas cuam tshuam nrog pleura thiab cov qog ntshav hauv cov txheej txheem inflammatory.
Ib lub tsev kho mob ntawm daim ntawv no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog nrog hnoos muaj zog, hnoos qeev nrog cov kua qaub, tig mus ua pa luv. Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg mob hnyav heev, feem ntau nrog cachexia.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho tau zoo rau txhua hom kab mob tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev kuaj mob kom raug. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm fungal mob ntsws nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam mob, yog interconnected.
Cov tshuaj complex suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov vitamins, immunostimulants. Cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no tsuas yog kho tau hauv tsev kho mob nkaus xwb nrog kev ua raws nraim li kev so hauv txaj.
Yog tias muaj cov khoom sib xyaw hauv lub pleural kab noj hniav, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau puncture thiab pleural lavage.
Yog peb tham txog kev kwv yees, ces qhov zoo tshaj plawsmuab cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal, uas tsis suav nrog kev rov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov teeb meem. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem keeb kwm yav dhau thiab kev kho kom txaus.
