Kab mob goiter: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tiv thaiv

Cov txheej txheem:

Kab mob goiter: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tiv thaiv
Kab mob goiter: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tiv thaiv

Video: Kab mob goiter: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tiv thaiv

Video: Kab mob goiter: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tiv thaiv
Video: hnub no kuv txaus siab muab ib hauv tshuaj zoo mob siab thiab zoo mob qhov muag rau cov hmoob 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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kab mob goiter yog qhov loj ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj iodine hauv lub cev. Ib tug noj qab nyob zoo ntim ntawm lub caj pas, raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv cov poj niam tsis pub tshaj 20 cm3, thiab cov txiv neej - 25 cm3. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm goiter, nws yog loj tshaj qhov muab qhov ntev. Raws li kev txheeb cais tsis ntev los no tau hais los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, ntau dua xya puas lab tus tib neeg uas nyob hauv thaj chaw tsis muaj iodine raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kab mob goiter (ICD-10 code - E01.0).

Lawv muaj ntau qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntawm lub qog. Plaub caug-ob lab raug kuaj pom nrog ib daim ntawv ntawm kev puas hlwb retardation. Cov cheeb tsam tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntsiab lus iodine nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hauv peb lub tebchaws yog cov koom pheej ntawm Karelia, thaj av Volga, Caucasus thiab cov hav dej Siberian.

kab mob goiter
kab mob goiter

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Kab mob goiter txawvhom, piv txwv li:

  • Euthyroid type. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov thyroid caj pas loj tuaj, tab sis qib qis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tseem nyob.
  • Hypothyroid hom. Xws li cov kab mob goiter ua ke nrog hypothyroidism, thiab ntxiv rau, nrog txo cov thyroid ua haujlwm.
  • Hyperthyroid type. Xws li tus kab mob goiter yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm lub qog.

Ntxiv rau cov ntawv sau saum toj no, kuj tseem muaj:

  • Kev txhim kho ntawm diffuse goiter, uas cov thyroid caj pas loj zuj zus.
  • Multinodular endemic goiter. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm xws li goiter, nodes ntawm denser ntaub so ntswg muaj nyob rau hauv lub loj ntawm lub caj pas.
  • Kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob goiter sib xyaw, thaum, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog kev nce ntxiv, tus neeg nodes tuaj yeem hnov hauv cov thyroid caj pas.

Ncaj nraim hauv nws qhov chaw nyob hauv zos yog unilateral lossis ob sab. Tom ntej no, peb yuav pom dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob no, thiab tseem xav txog qib ntawm tus kab mob.

Degrees of endemic goiter

feem ntau txawv:

  • 0 degree - tsis muaj goiter.
  • I degree - goiter hnov ntawm palpation, tab sis tsis pom qhov pom.
  • II degree - goiter yog txiav txim siab pom qhov muag thiab palpation.

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov loj me ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, tus neeg mob tau muab tshuaj ultrasound, uas tseem qhia txog cov kab mob goiter.

kab mob goiter: pathogenesis ntawm tus kab mob

Raws li tau hais los saum no, qhov ua rau muaj kab mob goiter feem ntau yog qhov tsis muaj iodine hauv tib neeg lub cev. Piv txwv li, iodine deficiency yog mob heev. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug teeb meem, lub cev yuav sau tag nrho nwsKev them nyiaj tau los thiab, sai li sai tau thaum cov khoom siv iodine rov pib dua, kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov thyroid caj pas yuav raug xa rov qab mus rau tus neeg, vim tias kev puas tsuaj rau lwm yam kabmob yuav tsis tshwm sim.

Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev txhim kho tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li iodine, qhov xwm txheej nyuaj dua. Raws li cov lus teb rau kev txo qis ntawm iodine, raws li txoj cai, muaj kev nce hauv thyrocytes, uas ua rau cov tshuaj hormones. Vim tias qhov nce ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov qog ntawm cov qog no thiab kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, qhov ib txwm muaj ntawm cov tshuaj hormones xav tau yuav ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Tab sis tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov fibrosis yuav dhau los ua qhov kev zam thiab cov nodes yuav pib tsim. Tsis yog txhua tus paub tus kab mob ntawm cov kab mob goiter endemic.

cov thyroid endemic goiter
cov thyroid endemic goiter

Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntev iodine deficiency, hypertrophy ntawm thyrocytes ib leeg tsis txaus. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog nce nyob rau hauv loj, tab sis kuj intensively faib. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau cov fibrosing hlwb nyob rau hauv lub cev, thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, txhais tau hais tias muaj prerequisites rau lub ntxiv tsim ntawm diffuse nodular goiter.

Qhov ua rau muaj kab mob goiter yog cov thyroid caj pas, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm iodine deficiency, mus txog ntau theem ntawm kev hloov nws cov qauv. Goiter ua ntej yuav diffuse euthyroid, ces multinodular euthyroid, thiab nws thiaj li multinodular toxic.

feem ntau ua rau pathology

Endemic thyroid goiter tshwm vim tsis muajiodine.

Qhov feem ntau ua rau tsis muaj iodine yog:

  • Noj qee yam tshuaj uas txhawb nqa cov iodine tawm ntawm lub cev.
  • Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev nqus cov khoom tsim nyog rau lub cev.
  • Siv cov enterosorbents.
  • Kev loj hlob ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm ntau ntxiv ntawm iodine.
  • Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub caj pas hauv daim ntawv ntawm aplasia lossis hypoplasia.
  • Qhov muaj cov xwm txheej hloov pauv uas nrog los ntawm kev tsis txaus iodine. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo li no yog cev xeeb tub nrog rau thaum yau, puberty thiab mob siab rau lub cev ua si. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nyuaj siab-kev xav tsis tu ncua kuj cuam tshuam.
  • Kev noj zaub mov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm iodine.
  • Kev noj tsawg ntawm iodine los ntawm dej.
  • Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub zog tsis txaus.
  • Kev txhim kho ntawm cov mob hypoxia.

Thaum tham txog cov laj thawj uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob goiter, ib tus yuav tsum xav txog qhov tsis muaj cov khoom no hauv txhua hnub. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv peb lub teb chaws yuav luag tsis muaj cov nqaij nruab deg tshiab nrog cov ntses hauv lawv cov khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob peb tus neeg xav txog kev siv ntsev iodized ua noj.

Tau kawg, tsuas yog noj ntsev iodized xwb yuav tsis them tag nrho rau qhov tsis muaj iodine. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias iodine yog ib yam khoom uas volatile heev, uas sai sai disappears los ntawm cov qauv ntawm ntsev.crystals vim huab cua nkag rau hauv lawv. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khaws cov ntsev tsis yog hauv cov ntsev shakers, tab sis nyob rau hauv iav los yog hlau hub uas kaw nruj nreem kaw nrog lub hau.

tiv thaiv kab mob goiter
tiv thaiv kab mob goiter

Kev noj cov zaub mov tseem ceeb, thiab ntxiv rau, taum thiab turnips hem txoj kev loj hlob ntawm iodine deficiency. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom no muaj ntau ntau cov tshuaj goitrogenic uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntau ntawm cov thyroid.

Yog li, iodine deficiency feem ntau tshwm sim vim muaj cov hauv qab no:

  • Tsis txaus cov ntsiab lus iodine hauv ib puag ncig, nrog rau hauv dej haus. Cov cheeb tsam xws li thaj tsam nruab nrab ntawm Russia, Urals, Altai thiab Caucasus.
  • Kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov ntses tsis txaus, seaweed, khoom noj siv mis, buckwheat thiab oatmeal tau noj.
  • Kev siv qee yam tshuaj uas thaiv kev nqus ntawm iodine.
  • Qhov muaj cov kab mob tshwm sim nrog rau cov caj ces tsis zoo hauv kev tsim cov thyroid hormone.

Tam sim no xav txog seb qhov muaj cov thyroid goiter endemic hauv cov neeg mob tau tshwm sim.

Symptomatics

Cov tsos mob ntawm goiter feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Feem ntau, cov neeg mob tuaj yeem yws txog cov kev xav hauv qab no:

  • Zoo qhov tsis muaj zog.
  • Kev muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog.
  • Kev tsis xis nyob hauv plawv cheeb tsam.
  • Zoo taub hau.

Cov tsos mob zoo li no tuaj yeem ua tautshwm sim txawm tias thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, cov neeg mob yuav ntsib cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws.
  • Kev nqhis thiab ua pa nyuaj.
  • Zoo hnoos qhuav.
  • Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mob hawb pob.
pathogenesis ntawm endemic goiter
pathogenesis ntawm endemic goiter

Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias hom kab mob goiter yog qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws. Cov poj niam tau txais nws plaub zaug ntau dua li txiv neej. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov xav tau ntawm cov poj niam ntau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub caj pas no thaum lub hnub nyoog laus, thiab ntxiv rau, thaum cev xeeb tub.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias qhov pom zoo koob tshuaj iodine npaj yuav tsum yog raws li hauv qab no:

  • 50 mcg yog tus qauv rau menyuam mos.
  • 90 mcg yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua xya xyoo.
  • 120 mcg yog tus qauv rau menyuam yaus hnub nyoog xya txog kaum ob.
  • 150 mcg yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov neeg laus.
  • 200 mcg yuav tsum tau noj los ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating.

Cov duab thiab qhov tseeb

Hais txog ob puas lab tus tib neeg hauv ntiaj teb raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob no. Nws yog hu ua ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg. Cuaj caum feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob goiter yog tshwm sim los ntawm iodine deficiency. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm goiter ntawm cov menyuam yaus tau nce los ntawm rau feem pua hauv kaum xyoo dhau los. Niaj hnub no, qhov zaus no yog kwv yees li nees nkaum tsib feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob endocrinological thaum yau.

Tus kab mob ntawm cov kab mob goiter kawg yuav tsumpaub sawv daws.

Kev nyuaj siab

Tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau yam. Cov no feem ntau suav nrog:

  • Kev muaj tus kab mob goiter. Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas cov hlab ntsha uas tawm ntawm lub plawv yog compressed. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab nthuav dav ntawm sab xis.
  • Kev muaj compression ntawm txoj hlab pas thiab trachea.
  • qhov pom ntawm hemorrhages nyob rau hauv thickness ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.
  • Kev tshwm sim ntawm lub caj pas.
  • Kev txhim kho malignant degeneration ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov teeb meem ntawm kab mob goiter, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas raws sijhawm.

YKev kuaj mob ntawm pathology

Ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam rau kev kuaj mob goiter yog ultrasound. Ua tsaug rau txoj kev tshawb no, daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob yog tsim, uas tej zaum yuav diffuse los yog nodular.

multinodular kab mob goiter
multinodular kab mob goiter

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm nodes, sonoelastography tuaj yeem raug sau - ib txoj kev tshawb fawb uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov ntom thiab elasticity ntawm nodular formations. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau kom paub seb qhov xwm txheej ntawm pathology yog dab tsi: benign lossis malignant. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, ib qho kev kuaj ntshav ntxiv ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog ua. Ntawm lwm yam, kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob, qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones xws li TSH thiab T4 raug kuaj xyuas. Hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no, raws li txoj cai, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov thyroid hormone yog cuam tshuam loj heev. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus nqi ntawm excretion ntawm iodine nyob rau hauv cov zis yog txo. Tab sis thawj theem ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas yog feem ntau palpation. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj ua cov hauv qab no:

  • Qhov loj ntawm qhov sib koom ntawm lub cev muaj kab mob yog txiav txim siab.
  • Qhov pom meej ntawm ciam teb nrog cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig raug soj ntsuam.
  • Qhov sib xws ntawm lub caj pas yog kwv yees. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws kho mob tau mloog zoo rau cov cim xws li kev cog lus, softening, nodular formations thiab lawv qhov loj me.
  • Tus mob ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib tau soj ntsuam nrog rau qhov muaj tus kab mob lymphangitis.

Ntxiv rau palpation, ib qho kev qhia zoo heev, thiab tib lub sijhawm siv tau yog, raws li tau hais tseg, ultrasound, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

  • Qhov dav, tuab thiab qhov siab ntawm cov neeg ntaus.
  • Isthmus size.
  • Ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qauv ntawm lub cev, thiab ntxiv rau, hais txog nws homogeneity.
  • Kev muaj tus nodule thiab nws qhov ntev.
  • Qhov ntim ntawm ib tus neeg sib koom. Nws kuj hloov tawm tag nrho qhov ntim ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.
  • Cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig.

Kev kho mob goiter endemic yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob

Thaum lub caj pas nce me ntsis, nws feem ntau txaus tsuas yog ob peb chav kawm ntawm cov poov tshuaj iodide, thiab ntxiv rau, kev noj zaub mov nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj iodine nplua nuj. Kev kho mob goiter nyuaj los ntawm hypothyroidism feem ntau suav nrog kev kho tshuaj hormone hloov.

Kev kho tus kab mob goiter uas yog nodular ntawm theem siab feem ntau yuav tsum tau phais.

endemic goiter ua rau
endemic goiter ua rau

Nyob rau theem tom qab, cov neeg mob tau txais kev kho tshuaj hormone hloov. Los ntawm pej xeem tshuajseaweed hmoov yog pom zoo. Nws yog noj nyob rau hauv ib tug teaspoon thaum hmo ntuj thiab ntxuav nrog dej. Kev kho mob yog los ntawm nees nkaum mus rau peb caug hnub.

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob goiter endemic yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug.

Kev noj haus raws li kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv

Cov neeg raug pom zoo noj cov zaub mov hauv qab no txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob goiter:

  • Kev noj nqaij nruab deg hauv daim ntawv cw, squid thiab mussels.
  • Siv seaweed thiab lwm yam seaweed hauv kev noj haus.
  • Nyob hiav txwv boiled ntses mus txog peb zaug ib lim piam.
  • Kev siv cov kua mis fermented hauv kev noj haus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov muaj bifidobacteria. Yog li, koj yuav tsum haus ob khob dej haus ib hnub.
  • Siv cov tsev cheese nruab nrab mus txog peb zaug hauv xya hnub.
  • noj txiv ntoo txhua yam txog li 50 grams tauj ib hnub.
  • Ntxiv cov noob txhua yam rau zaub mov.
  • Kev siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav hauv kev noj zaub mov hauv daim ntawv ntawm raisins, qhuav apricots, apricots, figs, prunes, apples thiab pears.
  • YSiv cranberries, lingonberries, qus strawberries, gooseberries, dub currants, viburnum, liab ashberry thiab hais txog.
  • Kev siv zaub hauv kev noj zaub mov hauv daim ntawv ntawm carrots, zaub qhwv, beets thiab taub dag.
  • noj zaub ntsuab xws li dos, horseradish, celery, thiab lwm yam.
  • Kev txais cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab los ntawm zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
  • Txais tos cov dej haus los ntawm rosehip, dandelion cag lossis hawthorn.
  • Ntse dej ntxhia los yog dej caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
  • Siv 50 grams zib ntab hauv kev noj haus.

Lwm yamtxoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob goiter

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav tau muab faib ua pawg, pab pawg thiab tus kheej hom:

  • Kev tiv thaiv huab hwm coj muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov ntsev iodized, qhob cij thiab khoom qab zib, uas yuav tsum muaj cov khoom no. Tsis tas li ntawd, TV txhawb kev tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus iodine hauv cov khoom.
  • Kev tiv thaiv pab pawg yog ua tiav hauv cov pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo, xws li hauv cov menyuam yaus cov tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm theem nrab thiab qib siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas yog them rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog kev piav qhia kev sib tham nrog rau kev tswj hwm kev faib tawm ntawm iodine npaj, piv txwv li, Antistrumine, Iodomarin thiab Yodokomba.
  • Raws li kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv cov khoom noj uas muaj iodine nplua nuj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj iodine rau cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo, nrog rau cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kev txom nyem.
teeb meem ntawm endemic goiter
teeb meem ntawm endemic goiter

Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv kab mob goiter hauv cov menyuam yaus? Cov menyuam mos noj sib xyaw xav tau 90 micrograms ntawm iodine txhua hnub. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas xav tau txog 200 micrograms ib hnub. Ntxiv nrog rau kev noj tshuaj tsim nyog, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj haus uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov ntsiab lus iodine txaus hauv cov zaub mov.

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