tshuaj tua kab mob siv rau dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus uas xav tau kev tshwj xeeb, ua tib zoo mus kom ze. Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj ntau hom tshuaj tua kab mob. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau siv rau lawv lub hom phiaj, nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj me ntsis npaum li cas. Cov kab lus nthuav tawm cov hom tshuaj tua kab mob tseem ceeb thiab lawv thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov. Cia peb pib nrog lub ntsiab lus.
YDab tsi yog tshuaj tua kab mob?
Qhov no yog tus neeg sawv cev uas rhuav tshem cov kab mob putrefactive thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lo lus yog Greek. Hauv kev txhais lus, "άντί" txhais tau tias " tawm tsam", thiab "σηπτικός" yog txhais ua "putrid" lossis "putrid".
Qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tua tau cov kab mob, lwm tus yog bacteriostatic thiab tsuas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis txo lawv txoj kev loj hlob.
Antiseptic yog ib yam tshuaj uas nws cov txiaj ntsig tau raug pov thawj lawm. Microbicides uas muaj peev xwm los rhuav tshem cov kab mob kis tau raug hu ua "antivirals".
Action
Yuav kom cov kab mob loj tuaj, lawv xav tau qhov nruab nrab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig (kub, oxygen, noo noo). Txhuatus hostess hauv lub neej ntsib cov xwm txheej no thaum cov zaub mov hauv kaus poom. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog kev coj ua thaum ub ntawm embalming cov neeg tuag. Vim li cas cov kws tshawb fawb pom cov mummies zoo kawg nkaus tom qab ntau pua xyoo? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim: tshuaj tua kab mob twb tau siv ces.
Ua ntej lub tswv yim ntawm microbes tau tsim, tsom ntsoov rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm putrefaction. Thaum xub thawj, tus nqi ntawm tus neeg sawv cev xav tau raug txiav txim siab, raws li lawv hais, "los ntawm qhov muag". Txoj kev no tsis raug, tab sis kev paub, raws li koj paub, los nrog lub sijhawm thiab kev xyaum. Niaj hnub no, tshuaj tua kab mob raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev coj noj coj ua dawb huv ntawm qee hom microbe lossis cov kab mob thiab cov ntaub ntawv vegetative. Txhawm rau sib piv lub zog ntawm kev ua, cov tshuaj phenol (aqueous) tau siv los ua tus qauv.
Yog li, tshuaj tua kab mob yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Tam sim no cia saib seb thaj chaw twg nws siv ntau tshaj plaws.
Antiseptic hauv tshuaj
Hauv cheeb tsam no, kev tua kab mob tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej lub advent ntawm niaj hnub high-zoo tshuaj tua kab mob, "neeg kho tshuab tu" yog dav siv, uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhib purulent formations. Los ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Lister kawm txog "kab mob txoj kev xav ntawm kev lwj" sau los ntawm Louis Pasteur. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm lub tswv yim, tsis ntev nws tau luam tawm ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv kev phais.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau carbolic acid. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab los kho pustules thiab qhib pob txha. Nws essence yog siv cov hnav khaub ncaws nrog ib tug daws ntawm no acid. Lister tau los ua tus tsim tshuaj tua kab mob,pab tua kab mob zoo. Ntxiv mus, ib qho kev daws tsib feem pua yog siv rau qhov txhab, thiab cov ntaub qhwv thiab hnav khaub ncaws, thaj chaw phais, thiab tes tau kho nrog ob feem pua tshuaj.
Lister's antiseptics tsis tau tsuas yog cov neeg txhawb nqa xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg tawm tsam uas muaj zog heev. Qhov no yog vim hais tias khaus khaus thiab tshuaj lom rau ntawm tus neeg mob cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntawm tes ntawm tus kws phais nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam no txuas ntxiv mus. Ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib puas xyoo tom qab, txoj kev aseptic tau pom. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom tau zoo heev. Thiab ntau npaum li ntawd cov lus thov tau ua kom tso tseg cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tau tshwm sim ua tsis tau. Ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv.
Tsis ntev, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab tau npaj tseg uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau lub cev. Tib yam khoom pib ua cov cuab yeej phais thiab cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig tus neeg mob. Yog li, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab asepsis cuam tshuam, thiab nruj heev.
hom tshuaj tua kab mob
Mechanical. Tso cai rau koj los ntxuav cov qhov txhab thiab cov ntaub so ntswg uas tsis tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm cov kab mob microbes (ntxuav cov kab mob purulent, tshem tawm (kho) hauv qab ntawm qhov txhab thiab nws cov npoo).
Lub cev (bandaging, daim ntawv thov qhuav hmoov, laser, ultraviolet rays).
tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm lub qhov txhab kab mob, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev tiv thaiv. Detrimental rau microorganisms.
Biological. Raws li kev siv cov tshuaj sib txawv thiab cov pab pawg loj uas cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si microbial cell nws tus kheej thiab nws cov co toxins,yog li no nce kev tiv thaiv ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob (bacteriophages, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob (feem ntau cov ntshav), proteolytic enzymes).
Nco. Feem ntau, suav nrog ntau hom hauv ib zaug (piv txwv li, kev kho mob thawj zaug ntawm qhov txhab (mechanical), thiab kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (biological)).
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob niaj hnub no loj heev. Tab sis lawv daim ntawv thov yog yuav luag ib txwm nyuaj. Hauv lwm lo lus, nqe lus "ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob yog tshuaj tua kab mob" yog, qhov tseeb, yog. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj "kev txhawb nqa ntxiv" hauv daim ntawv kho mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm thaj chaw.
Tam sim no xav txog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntau tshaj plaws hauv tshuaj.
Alcohols
Ethanol, isopropyl, propyl. Concentration ntawm 60% mus rau 90%. Lawv siv ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv ntshiab thiab hauv daim ntawv sib xyaw. Tso cai rau tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua ntej txhaj tshuaj thiab phais. Feem ntau cov cawv no tau ua ke nrog iodine tincture lossis nrog cationic surfactants (chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride, octenidine dihydrochloride).
ammonium compounds
Lwm lub npe yog HOUR. Muaj ntau cov tshuaj (benzalkonium chloride (BAC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMB), benzethonium chloride (BZT), cetylpyridine chloride (CPC lossis Cetrim)). Benzalkonium chloride ntxiv rau qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Tsim nyog rau kev kho tawv nqaij ua ntej kev phais. Nws yog siv rau impregnation ntawm antiseptic phuam. Antimicrobial kev ua HOURinactivated los ntawm anionic surfactants (xws li xab npum).
YBoric acid
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj suppositories tsim los kho cov kab mob hauv qhov chaw mos. Boric acid zoo heev ntawm kev tawm tsam tus kab mob herpes. Tsis tas li ntxiv rau hlawv cov nplaum nplaum thiab lo ntsiab muag.
YChlorhexidine gluconate
Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib tw biguanidine. Qhov pom zoo concentration yog los ntawm 0.5% mus rau 4%. Yuav siv tau ib leeg lossis ua ke nrog cawv. Siv raws li daim tawv nqaij antiseptic. Siv hauv kev kho mob gingivitis.
pob zeb diamond ntsuab
Popularly hu ua "brilliant ntsuab". Ib hom tshuaj ntau heev. Siv los kho qhov txhab, me me abscesses. Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob gram-zoo.
Hydrogen peroxide
Nov yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob siv los deodorize thiab ntxuav qhov txhab thiab qhov txhab. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, feem ntau lawv raug kho nrog khawb, txoj hlab ntaws. Muaj nyob rau hauv 6% thiab 3% kev daws teeb meem.
Iodine
Feem ntau siv hauv cov tshuaj cawv, Lugol's tov. Pre- thiab postoperative antiseptic. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ntxuav cov qhov txhab me me nrog nws, vim tias nws ua rau muaj qhov caws pliav. Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb - kev ua haujlwm antimicrobial siab. Kev kis tau ntev mus tua cov kab mob loj, suav nrog cov kab mob nyuaj.
Means "Miramistin"
No yog tshuaj tiam tshiab. Cov tshuaj "Miramistin" -Nws yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob uas siv rau hauv kev kho mob (lossis tiv thaiv) ntawm cov kab mob fungal, kab mob thiab kab mob. Russia ntau lawm. Rau kev kho mob ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm kis kab mob (txias), no tshwj xeeb antiseptic yog feem ntau pom zoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas txog nws feem ntau yog qhov zoo heev. Cov tshuaj muaj zog tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob uas ua rau mob thiab suppuration ntawm qhov txhab, tonsillitis, fungal kab mob, chlamydia, herpes, thiab lwm yam.
ASD
Lub npe thib ob yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws muaj pronounced antimicrobial thiab stimulating zog. Pab kom lub suab tag nrho, txo intoxication. Nws yog nquag tawm tsam staphylococci, tubercle bacillus, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj ib qho tsis kaj siab pungent tsw, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau cov hom phiaj kws kho tsiaj.
Phenol
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev daws, nws yog siv los kho tus kws kho mob ob txhais tes tam sim ntawd ua ntej kev ua haujlwm. Pom zoo rau gargling, qhov ncauj. Phenol hmoov yog nchuav rau ntawm lub plab thaum kho. Nws muaj cov nyhuv antiseptic thiab analgesic.
Antiseptics sab nraud tshuaj
Lawv xav tau hauv kev lag luam zaub mov. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, feem ntau cov kua qaub (piv txwv li, paub zoo acetic acid). Nws yog ua tsaug rau lawv tias nws muaj peev xwm khaws cov kaus poom zaub mov rau lub sijhawm ntev. Antiseptics yog dav siv hauv kev tsim kho. Lawv ntxiv rau feem ntau cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish. Qhov no tso caineutralize saprophytic microflora. Ntoo antiseptic yog ib qho cuab yeej muaj zog tiv thaiv xiav, pwm, rot, hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua rau kom lub txee lub neej ntawm cov ntoo txiav tshiab.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv glazing yog tshwj xeeb hauv kev thov. Nws yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj uas tso cai rau koj khaws cov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ntoo thiab tib lub sij hawm hais txog nws txoj kev zoo nkauj. Glazing antiseptic txo qhov teeb meem ntawm cov dej noo, ultraviolet rays, kub hloov, thiab zoo tiv thaiv kab. Antiseptics kuj tseem siv tau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Lawv muab ntxiv rau cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, chav kho nrog lawv.
