Cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media yuav tsum paub rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Qhov no yog ib hom kab mob inflammatory uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ib tus neeg txhua lub hnub nyoog. Cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau yam ntawm nws - o ntawm pob ntseg sab hauv, sab nrauv thiab nruab nrab. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav saib qhov ua rau, kuaj mob thiab kho tus kab mob no.
pob ntseg
Cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media feem ntau zoo ib yam, txawm tias hom kab mob twg cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob. Hauv qhov no, ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub seb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob no yog dab tsi. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cia peb nco ntsoov tias pob ntseg tsis tsuas yog ntawm auricle, tab sis kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug complex system rau converting suab tsis mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv digestible rau kev nkag siab ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb. Nws kuj ua haujlwm vestibular, pab tswj kev sib npaug.
Lub pob ntseg nws tus kheej muaj peb ntu tseem ceeb - nruab nrab, sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Ua ntej txhua tus neeg lub qhov muag, lub pob ntseg sab nraud yog ncaj qha rau auricle. Qhov no kuj muaj xws li pob ntseg kwj dej, uas mus rau lub pob ntseg. Twb tom qab nws yog ib lub tympanic kab noj hniav uas muaj huab cua. Nws muaj peb qhov tseem ceeb auditory ossicles uas pab xa thiab nthuav cov suab vibrations. Qhov no twb yog thaj chaw ntawm pob ntseg nruab nrab, nws yog nws uas yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau ua rau otitis media. Los ntawm no, kev vibrations raug xa mus rau thaj chaw nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov pob txha ntawm lub cev, uas yog hu ua labyrinth. Nws muaj lub cev ntawm Corti - ib pawg ntawm cov paj hlwb receptors uas hloov kev vibrations rau hauv cov hlab ntsha impulses. Qhov no twb yog thaj chaw ntawm pob ntseg.
Lub raj Eustachian, nyob tom qab palatine tonsils, kuj tseem ceeb heev. Nws ventilates lub tympanic kab noj hniav, coj lub siab nyob rau hauv nws mus rau hauv txoj kab nrog atmospheric siab. Nws tseem hu ua pob ntseg nruab nrab.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob
Otitis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho peb pob ntseg. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau peb tsuas yog tham txog kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob unilateral. Txawm hais tias otitis media, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob ntawm lub ntsws sab sauv, tuaj yeem txhim kho ntawm ob sab ntawm lub taub hau.
Nyob ntawm qhov ua rau, otitis tuaj yeem yog kab mob, kis kab mob thiab raug mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm otitis externa, fungi tuaj yeem ua rau tus kab mob. Feem ntau yog kab mob kab mob.
YOtitis externa
feem ntau ua rau otitis externa yog kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub auricle nrog txhua hom kab mob los yog kab mob. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li kaum feem pua ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm otitis externa tsawg kawg ib zaug.rau koj lub neej.
Muaj ntau yam uas ua rau pom tus kab mob no hauv tus neeg laus. Cov no suav nrog:
- kev puas tsuaj rau lub auricle;
- hypercooling ntawm sab nraud ntawm pob ntseg vim taug kev tas li hauv qhov txias;
- dej nkag hauv pob ntseg;
- Sloppy sulfur tshem tawm.
Rau txhua yam ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, lub pob ntseg kwj dej yog suav tias yog ib qho chaw zoo, vim nws yog qhov tsaus, ntub thiab ntub txaus rau lawv. Qhov no yog qhov yuav luag zoo tagnrho qhov chaw rau kev yug me nyuam ntawm pathogenic microorganisms. Feem ntau yuav, vim qhov no, otitis externa yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg, yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm peb lub cev - pob ntseg. Nws ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal, yog li nws tsis pom zoo kom tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm pob ntseg. Ib qho tshwj xeeb tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum muaj leej faj ntau dhau, vim tias nws pib cuam tshuam rau kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab.
Kev mob ntawm cov kwj dej sab nraud feem ntau yog los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij - candidiasis, dermatitis, furunculosis. Tus kab mob no provoked los ntawm streptococci, kab mob, fungi ntawm genus Candida los yog staphylococci. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm furunculosis, ib tug txaus ntshai o ntawm cov qog sebaceous tshwm sim.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm otitis externa yog qhov mob uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Nrog rau tus kab mob no, qhov kub thiab txias, raws li txoj cai, tsis nce. Kev hnov lus tsis hnov lus yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm otitis externa. Qhov no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, tshwj tsis yog thaum lub pob ntseg kaw tag nrho los ntawm cov kua paug los yog tus kab mob cuam tshuam rau tympanic.daim nyias nyias. Tom qab kev kho mob raws sijhawm, kev hnov lus zoo li qub.
Kev kuaj mob otitis externa yog qhov yooj yim heev. Feem ntau, kev kuaj pom yooj yim los ntawm kws kho mob txaus. Cov tsos mob ntawm otitis externa yog cov yam ntxwv uas nws nyuaj rau ua yuam kev. Qee zaum siv cov txheej txheem kuaj mob kom ntxaws ntxiv. Piv txwv li, lawv siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hu ua otoscope, uas tso cai rau koj saib lub pob ntseg thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub pob ntseg.
Txhawm rau pib kho raws sijhawm, cov tsos mob ntawm otitis externa yuav tsum paub zoo rau txhua tus. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho tus kab mob no yog tshem tawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas ua rau mob. Thaum kho, cov kws kho mob sau tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob rau tus neeg mob. Cov tshuaj no yuav ua li cas, tsuas yog koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm otitis externa, raws li txoj cai, cov ntsiav tshuaj yog sau, tsis yog pob ntseg tee. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau sab nraud cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub auricle, tsis nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm auditory kwj dej, ntau yam tshuaj pleev yog siv.
Thaum tus kab mob no tshwm sim, muaj teeb meem tshwm sim. Yog tias nws tsis kho raws sijhawm, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg.
Ua rau otitis media
Otitis media yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Ntau pua lab tus tib neeg tau txais qhov kev kuaj mob no txhua xyoo. Raws li Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, nruab nrab ntawm 25 thiab 60 feem pua ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb muaj tsawg kawg yogIb zaug hauv lub neej raug kev txom nyem los ntawm otitis media.
Nyob rau hauv feem coob ntawm cov neeg mob, cov txheej txheem inflammatory nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg tsis ua lub hauv paus ua rau tib neeg kab mob. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog ib qho kab mob sib kis ntawm cov kab mob ua pa sab saud lossis muaj teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob ntawm sab nraud auditory kwj dej. Otitis media tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob xws li pharyngitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, nrog rau qee yam kab mob kis, xws li qhua pias, mob khaub thuas, kub cev.
Kab mob nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg los ntawm Eustachian raj. Nws zoo li tau muab pov rau ntawd thaum hnoos, txham, nrog cov hnoos qeev lossis hnoos qeev. Qee zaum, o ntawm Eustachian raj lossis o ntawm pob ntseg nruab nrab tshwm sim. Yog hais tias lub raj Eustachian nyob rau hauv lub tympanic kab noj hniav raug thaiv, cov txheej txheem stagnation yuav tshwm sim, cov kua dej yuav pib tsub zuj zuj, uas yuav ua rau qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob thiab ntau cov kab mob.
Tsis tas li, kev tsis haum tshuaj, mastoiditis yog cov ua rau otitis media. Tag nrho cov no ua rau o ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias.
Otitis media muaj ntau yam. Piv txwv li, muaj cov mob hnyav thiab mob ntev. Thiab raws li qib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, lawv tau muab faib ua purulent, exudative thiab catarrhal otitis media. Thaum lub sij hawm purulent o ntawm pob ntseg, cov kua paug pib nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nrog exudative otitis media, muaj cov kua dej ntau dhau hauv lub pob ntseg.
Symptoms
Txhawm rau pib kho raws sijhawm, cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media yuav tsum paub rau txhua tus. Hauv cov neeg lauscov neeg mob, thawj qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tsis xis nyob thiab mob hauv pob ntseg. Hauv qhov no, qhov mob tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si tua thiab mob hnyav. Qee zaum, nws raug xa mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub kaus mom lossis lub tuam tsev, nws tuaj yeem txo qis, ua kom nrawm, nrawm dua.
Yog tus neeg mob muaj exudative otitis, ces muaj qhov hnov ntawm cov dej ntws hauv pob ntseg. Qee lub sij hawm muaj qhov mob hauv pob ntseg, lub suab nrov tsis kawg, kev xav zoo li nws lub suab hnov. Lwm cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus muaj xws li tsis hnov lus, cov ntaub so ntswg o, mob taub hau, thiab kub taub hau. Feem ntau tus kab mob no yog nrog los ntawm kev kis kab mob - SARS, mob ua pa nyuaj lossis mob khaub thuas. Hauv qhov no, qhov nce hauv lub cev kub tsis yog cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media hauv cov neeg laus, tab sis yog ib qho cim ntawm tus kab mob no.
Kab mob nyuaj tshaj plaws tshwm sim nrog ntau yam kab mob purulent. Hauv qhov no, cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus mob otitis media yog qhov tso tawm ntawm cov kua qaub. Nws puv lub pob ntseg, thaum lub cev kub nce mus rau 38 - 39 degrees. Purulent exudate tej zaum yuav txawm pib nyias ntawm lub pob ntseg. Nws tsim ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv nws thiab seeps tawm. Qhov tseem ceeb tsis txhob ntshai.
txheej txheem no feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub xeev ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, txij li vim yog tshem tawm cov kua qaub, lub siab hauv cov kab noj hniav yuav txo qis, qhov mob yuav tsis mob hnyav. Pus ntws tawm hauv mob otitis txog li ib lub lis piam. Tom qab ntawd qhov kub thiab txias poob, thiab qhov txhab pib kho. Paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob otitis media, cov neeg mob yuav pib kho raws sijhawm. Tag nrho lub sijhawmkab mob yog ob mus rau peb lub lis piam, tau kawg, nrog kev kho kom raug thiab zoo.
Tshwj xeeb yog yuav tsum ntshai tsam tus kab mob no mus ntev. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib kis qeeb, thaum lub caij nyoog tawg, thaum cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media yam ntxwv ntawm theem mob tshwm sim. Kev kho mob hauv qhov no yuav tsum mob hnyav txhawm rau txhawm rau txo cov tsos mob ntawm qhov mob.
Diagnosis
Thaum koj pom qhov no lossis cov tsos mob tsis txaus ntseeg, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob tam sim ntawd uas yuav lees paub lossis tsis lees paub koj qhov kev ntshai. Rau kev sab laj, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob otolaryngologist.
Thaum txiav txim siab otitis media, kws kho mob siv qhov kev kuaj mob lom zem. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum puff tawm lub puab tsaig. Yog hais tias nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub membrane tseem tsis txav, qhov no qhia tau hais tias huab cua los ntawm nasopharynx tsis nkag mus rau nws, uas txhais tau hais tias lub Eustachian raj yog thaiv. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm daim nyias nyias cais lub pob ntseg sab nrauv thiab nruab nrab yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev siv otoscope, uas nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav qhia tau qee yam cim, xws li liab los yog sab nraud ntawm lub pob ntseg.
Qee zaum, suav tomography, kuaj ntshav, kuaj ntshav yog siv rau kev kuaj mob.
txoj kev kho
Piv rau otitis externa, otitis media yog qhov nyuaj rau kho. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, cov kws tshaj lij tseem txwv lawv tus kheej rau kev saib xyuas kev kho mob, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias thaum twgNyob rau hauv mob otitis media, nws tsis ua rau kev txiav txim siab siv pob ntseg tshuaj tua kab mob, vim lawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov mob. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov chaw tam sim ntawd nyob ib sab ntawm lub pob ntseg yog mob, nws raug nquahu kom siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob rau hauv pob ntseg. Lawv tau nqus los ntawm lub pob ntseg, thiab cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pob ntseg.
Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tau noj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, tab sis nrog ib tug rupture ntawm lub pob ntseg, pob ntseg tee nrog tshuaj tua kab mob kuj siv. Chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb tsuas yog muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom. Nws kuj xaiv hom tshuaj tua kab mob, vim tias ntau ntawm lawv muaj cov nyhuv ototoxic. Yog li ntawd, lawv siv tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov lus mus tas li thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev.
Penicillin tshuaj tua kab mob, macrolides, amoxicillins, cephalosporins qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev kho cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media thiab lub hauv paus ua rau tus kab mob nws tus kheej. Nws yog cov khoom siv tom kawg uas muaj cov nyhuv ototoxic, yog li nws tsis pom zoo kom txhaj nws ncaj qha los ntawm catheter rau hauv pob ntseg lossis muab tso rau hauv pob ntseg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lub pob ntseg cuam tshuam. Thaum kho, Miramistin, ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob kuj siv tau.
Nco ntsoov sau tshuaj kho mob rau otitis media. Lawv pab txo qhov mob. Tso nrog lidocaine lossis lwm yam tshuaj kho mob zoo rau qhov no.
Yog ib tusCov tsos mob ntawm otitis media nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus perforation ntawm daim nyias nyias, rau nws kho yuav xav tau caws pliav stimulants. Hauv particular, 40% silver nitrate thiab iodine tov.
txhawm rau txo qhov o thiab mob, cov tshuaj uas tsis yog steroidal thiab glucocorticoids tsim nyog. Nrog exudative otitis media thiab kev tsis haum tshuaj, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj antihistamines. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj uas yuav ua rau nyias cov exudate. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm purulent paug, nws yog tsim nyog los ntxuav lub pob ntseg kwj dej los ntawm cov kua paug los ntawm kev ntxuav nws nrog ib tug qaug zog kwj dej.
Thaum otitis media, ntau tus tau siv cua sov ntev. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias txoj kev no tsuas yog pab tau qee yam kab mob. Piv txwv li, nrog ib tug purulent daim ntawv, nws yog contraindicated, nws tsuas yog aggravate tus kab mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau theem catarrhal, ua kom sov, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tuaj yeem pab tsim cov ntshav ntws mus rau thaj chaw muaj kab mob, ua kom tus neeg mob txoj kev rov zoo.
Kub yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txo qhov mob ntawm otitis media. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tsis txhob pib ua kom sov ntawm koj tus kheej yam tsis tau sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob. Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob thiaj li tuaj yeem qhia seb qhov kev kho no puas yuav siv tau rau hauv koj rooj plaub, seb nws yuav pab tau li cas. Yog tias cua sov yog contraindicated, nws tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm kev kho lub cev.
Kev phais kuj tseem siv los kho pob ntseg nruab nrab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog ib tug purulent variant, thaum muaj peev xwm ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm tus kab mob thiab cov teeb meem. Kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov no yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kua paug tawm ntawm lub pob ntseg. Nws kuj tseem ua rau kev tso dej ntawm thaj chaw sab hauv nrog mastoiditis.
raueustachian raj tej zaum yuav xav tau cov catheter tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev siv tshuaj.
Nws ua rau kev nkag siab zoo siv cov tshuaj pej xeem rau otitis media nkaus xwb nyob rau theem pib ntawm tus kab mob, tom qab sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob, leej twg yuav tsum tau tso cai rau nws.
kab mob hauv pob ntseg
Ib qho teeb meem ntawm otitis media yog tias tus kab mob tuaj yeem kis mus rau hauv pob ntseg, ua rau labyrinthitis. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm otitis media, nws yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media - mob vestibular, hnov lus tsis zoo, mob hnyav.
Tus kab mob no hem tus neeg mob tsis hnov lus tag yog tias lub paj hlwb tuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov teeb meem ntawm labyrinthitis, lub paj hlwb abscess, meningitis, encephalitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob tuag.
Cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media yog kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis siv cov tshuaj pej xeem. Tsis tsuas yog lawv yuav tsis pab, tab sis lawv tseem yuav muab koj lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob zoo.
Kab mob hauv me nyuam
Ntau zaus tshaj li cov neeg laus, otitis tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog hais tias lub cev ntawm cov me nyuam mos yog ntau zog, ntxiv rau, cov qauv ntawm lub auditory raj pab txhawb rau stagnation txheej txheem. Nws muaj qhov profile ncaj nraim, thiab qhov qhib qhov loj ntawm qhov nkag ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov hnoos qeev, thiab qee zaum, ntuav thiab cov khoom kom nkag mus.zaub mov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov me nyuam mos.
Paub txog cov tsos mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau kho otitis media hauv cov menyuam yaus kom raws sijhawm kom tus kab mob tsis mob. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yog tias tsis kho thaum yau, tus kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov lus ib nrab thiab kev puas hlwb.
Qhov nyuaj yog qhov tseeb tias cov tsos mob ntawm otitis media hauv tus menyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, yuav tsis tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, kev kuaj xyuas kom raug yog feem ntau nyuaj heev. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus me nyuam pib xaiv ntawm nws pob ntseg, qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov cim ntawm qhov mob lossis tsuas yog tus cwj pwm xwb.
txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb tus menyuam puas mob tiag tiag, nws raug nquahu kom nias rau ntawm qhov me me ze ntawm lub auricle, uas tseem hu ua tragus. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam pob ntseg tsis mob, ces, feem ntau, nws yuav tsis hnov qab qhov kev nias no.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Tam sim no koj paub ntau ntxiv txog cov tsos mob, kev kho mob otitis media hauv cov neeg laus yuav tsum pib sai li sai tau. Tsis txhob nruj nruj kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem. Ua li no, ua cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv zoo.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub cev, nrog rau cov dej qias neeg (piv txwv li, los ntawm cov dej ntws, pas dej) mus rau hauv pob ntseg. Kho inflammatory pathologies ntawm lub Upper pa ib ntsuj av tau raws sij hawm. Peb tab tom tham txog cov kab mob xws li sinusitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis.
Thaum ua luam dej, nco ntsoov siv lub kaus mom tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, mus sab nraum tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug headdress,zam cov ntawv sau.
