Tshaj li 20 xyoo dhau los, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg uas muaj qhov muag tsis pom kev, raws li kev txheeb cais, tau txo qis. Tag nrho cov no ua tsaug rau kev tiv thaiv thiab txhim kho cov kev kho qhov muag zoo.
Tab sis tseem, nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev siv computer thiab cov kab mob dav dav ntawm lub qhov muag, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv qhov muag, pib txij li qib kindergarten. Thiab tshwj xeeb cov kev tawm dag zog yooj yim tuaj yeem pab nrog qhov no.
Kev piav qhia
Txhua hnub, cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: khoos phis tawj, ntsiav tshuaj, xov tooj, TVs. Tau kawg, kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ua rau nws tus kheej hloov kho rau tib neeg lub neej txhua hnub thiab tsis muaj kev tawm ntawm qhov no (tshwj tsis yog ob peb teev, ib hnub). Thiab txhua yam yog khi rau thev naus laus zis thiab Is Taws Nem - ua haujlwm, kindergarten, tsev kawm ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
Tom qab tag nrho, kev pom kev yog ib qho ntawm lub cev, ua tsaug uas tib neeg kawm txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig lawv, cuam tshuam nrog nws.
Thaum me nyuam mos, tus menyuam tsuas saib ib puag ncig nws thiab cov neeg poob rau hauvkab pom. Thiab thaum nws laus lawm, nws pib nquag "siv nws lub qhov muag" hauv kev ua si, nyeem ntawv, saib tas luav.
Muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov duab tas luav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas tus menyuam kawm tau cov txuj ci tseem ceeb: kawm cov tsiaj ntawv, lej, cov lus sib npaug, coj tus cwj pwm kom raug, sib txuas lus nrog cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg laus, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis nws yog tag nrho qhov muag strain.
Yog vim li cas ob tus menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv lub zeem muag nrog kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb rau lub qhov muag, ua tsaug rau qhov kev ntxhov siab tau txo qis, suav nrog tom qab nyob hauv computer ntev.
Thiab sai dua tus neeg pib saib xyuas nws lub zeem muag, koom nrog nws, qhov txiaj ntsig yuav zoo dua.
Ua lub qhov muag tawm dag zog rau myopia, astigmatism thiab hyperopia yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws los kho thiab tswj koj lub qhov muag pom kev.
Ntse
Lub qhov muag pom los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov leeg pom, uas, zoo li lwm cov leeg, yuav tsum tau kawm tsis tu ncua. Kev sib txawv ntawm cov pob muag muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: nce, nqis, sab laug, sab xis, ncig thiab lwm yam.
Qhov muag gymnastics no tau pom zoo rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov neeg laus, pab tau rau cov menyuam yaus hauv kindergarten. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev tawm dag zog tam sim tom qab sawv thiab ua ntej mus pw.
Kev txav ntawm ob lub qhov muag yuav tsum du, ua siab ntev, txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum ua kom zoo. Raws li qhov ntau, 10 rov ua dua ib zaug yog txaus.
qauvthiab ib txoj hauv kev uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev saib xyuas qhov muag yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab thiab cov neeg laus. Cov menyuam yaus xav tau khaub ncaws ua si.
Txoj kev pom ntawm cov menyuam mos
Tus menyuam tau npaj kom txhua yam khoom siv, xws li gymnastics rau lub qhov muag thiab kev tawm dag zog, yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua si kom nthuav dav, ci ntsa iab thiab lom zem. Vim hais tias nws yog monotonous thiab tho txawv, tus me nyuam yuav ua tau, tab sis tsis muaj kev txaus siab thiab kev xyiv fab, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo. Lossis tsis kam ua ib yam dabtsi hlo li.
Ib txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov muag gymnastics los txhim kho qhov muag tsis yog ib qho kev tawm dag zog xwb, tab sis yog ib txoj hauv kev uas yuav pab txhawb lub cev lub cev.
Kev tiv thaiv tsis pom kev, nthuav tawm los ntawm cov neeg laus tsis txaus ntseeg, yuav tsum dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus menyuam hnub, kom nws kawm paub saib xyuas nws li cas, txij thaum nws tseem yau thiab thoob plaws nws lub neej.
Lub sijhawm, cov kev tawm dag zog no tuaj yeem ua 3 zaug hauv ib hnub rau 5 feeb. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias lawv muaj lub siab nyiam, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab ua haujlwm.
Nws raug pom zoo kom pib nrog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam ntxiv cov tshiab - ntau dua, tab sis haum rau tus menyuam lub hnub nyoog.
Koj tuaj yeem xav txog kev ua txhua qhov kev ua si hauv ib qho kev ua si tshwj xeeb: siv cov duab kos, khoom ua si, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam.
Maj mam, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no ntawm gymnastics rau lub qhov muag, uas yuav pab kom tus menyuam ua kev tawm dag zog rau lub sijhawm ntev - rautuav lub zeem muag.
Kev tawm dag zog hauv tsev
Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov nyuaj no nrog tus menyuam hauv tsev lossis hauv kindergarten (tsev kawm ntawv). Nws raug pom zoo thaum xub thawj tus menyuam kawm ua cov haujlwm no hauv tsev - nrog nws niam. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab yuav yog lub sijhawm zoo rau kev ua si ntxiv nrog tus menyuam, thaum ua kev tawm dag zog muaj txiaj ntsig. Los yog muaj txiaj ntsig los npaj tag nrho tsev neeg los ua kev tawm dag zog ua ke.
Ntawm no yog qee qhov piav qhia:
- suav tag nrho cov khoom hauv chav, ua raws txhua tus nrog ob lub qhov muag. Tom qab ntawd hloov pauv ib tus cwj mem (me ntsis) thiab ua tib yam.
- Saib lub qhov rais thiab saib txhua yam khoom uas poob rau hauv qhov pom. Koj tseem tuaj yeem suav lawv: nrog ob lub qhov muag, thiab tom qab ntawd npog ib qho.
- Rau qhov kev hloov pauv, nws raug nquahu kom nqa ib daim ntawv los yog duab los qhia (A5 lossis A4 hom), txiav tawm lub qhov rais (puag ncig lossis square) thiab saib los ntawm nws - qhov xwm txheej hauv tsev, cov duab ntawm txoj kev.
- Catching sunbeam with your eyes. Qhov kev tawm dag zog no tuaj yeem ua tau hauv huab cua hnub ci - nrog kev pab los ntawm daim iav. Tus neeg laus qhia, thiab cia tus menyuam saib tus luav nyob tsis tswm nrog nws ob lub qhov muag thiab qhia lawv.
- Kev tawm dag zog rau tag nrho tsev neeg: muab lub pob tawb tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav tsev thiab ua tib zoo muab cov pob me me tso rau hauv.
- Qhib thiab kaw qhov muag yog ib qho kev ua si ntawm "lub teeb-dub", uas yuav nthuav rau tus neeg me heev.
- Ntshai ntsais - zoo li tsis cilia flapping, tab sis npauj npaim tis.
Kev tawm dag zog rau qhov muag hauv kindergarten
Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tawm dag zog no ua ke thiab ib leeg. Cov feeb no yuav pab cov menyuam yaus so, hloov pauv, ua haujlwm nrog lawv txoj kev xav thiab tib lub sijhawm qhia lawv ob lub qhov muag.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txhua yam ua tiav hauv kev ua si, nthuav thiab lom zem. Raws li cov khoom siv ntxiv, daim ntawv tshaj tawm, cov khoom ua si, phab ntsa thiab qab nthab, qhov muag gymnastics card Performance index, rhymes, hluav taws xob cov kev pab cuam thiab lwm yam yuav siv tau.
Vision Exercise Games
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm gymnastics rau qhov muag hauv kindergarten yog tsim los rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws:
- Tus kws qhia ntawv faib cov duab kos rau cov menyuam yaus nrog cov khoom sib txawv: tsiaj, nroj tsuag, txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txhua leej txhua tus nyob ntawm ib qho deb ntawm ib leeg. Tus kws qhia ntawv khaws ib daim duab. Tom qab ntawd nws hais kom cov menyuam saib: tsob ntoo Christmas zoo li cas, matryoshka, mermaid, thiab lwm yam tuaj xyuas lawv. Thiab ces cov hais mav saib dab tsi zoo nkauj qhua nws (tus xib fwb) muaj. Yog li cov menyuam yaus ua 4 zaug (saib lawv tus kheej, tom qab ntawd ntawm tus kws qhia lossis lwm cov menyuam yaus)
- Tseem ua si nrog pob, uas lom zem hnub no thiab nyiam dhia, khiav, dhia. Cov me nyuam raws nws ob lub qhov muag.
- Xib hwb nqa cov khoom ua si qhia cov me nyuam tias nws nyiam ua si nkaum thiab nrhiav. Txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum kaw lawv lub qhov muag kom nruj, ces qhib qhov muag thiab pom cov khoom ua si zais.
Poetic forms for exercises
Thiab txhua tus menyuam yaus nyiam ua si nrog cov lus sib txawv, uas lawv nco qab zoo siab thiab nquag rov hais dua.
Dhau li ntawm, hais cov kab lus nrog lawv, koj tuaj yeem ua tautsis tsuas yog kom muaj kev lom zem xwb, tab sis kuj txhawb nqa me nyuam qhov muag pom, vim qee qhov qhov muag txav tau raug muab rau txhua lub suab nkauj thiab duab.
Piv txwv:
Ib huab ya saum ntuj, Nws xav nag los rau peb” (txhua leej txhua tus ntsia saum ntuj nrog lawv lub qhov muag).
Nws yuav ntub rau hauv av (tam sim no ob lub qhov muag ntsia rau hauv av).
Or
"Ib cua daj cua dub tawm" (lub voj voog ntawm lub qhov muag), "Txhua tsob ntoo swayed" (sab laug-txoj cai), "Thiab tam sim no tshuab lub ntsej muag" (cov menyuam yaus ntsais nrawm), "Thiab ib tsob ntoo poob" (nce thiab nqis txav).
Thiab lwm tus.
Cov nqe lus no tuaj yeem npaj ua lossis tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej, raws li qhov nyiam ntawm tus menyuam lossis pab pawg menyuam yaus. Tom qab tag nrho, tus kws qhia paub nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv, qhov twg yuav txaus siab rau lawv.
Koj tuaj yeem ntes txhua daim duab hauv daim duab loj thiab qhia daim duab nrog rau cov lus. Koj tau txais daim npav tiag tiag ntawm gymnastics rau qhov muag rau kindergarten.
Drawing in the air
Hauv kev hais lus lossis paj huam, koj tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia hauv qab no rau menyuam yaus rau kev pom, uas yuav pab txhim kho lawv txoj kev xav ntxiv (xav rau menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos):
- Txhua tus sawv tsees, tus xibhwb thov kom sawv daws kaw qhov muag kom lawv tau so. Thiab ces tag nrho ua ke qhib thiab kos ib daim duab loj - tus choj hla tus dej, tsob ntoo, txiv apples, thiab lwm yam.
- Snowflake game: txhua tus xav txog qhov twg cov paj daus yuav ya, uas tau tawg los ntawm cua daj cua dub (nce, nqis, sab laug, sab xis).
- Tshav ntujib tug nqaj (rau tiag tiag - ntawm txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov los yog xav txog tej yam), uas ci heev, muaj zog heev rau ntawm lub qhov muag thiab koj yuav tsum tau ntsais muag, ua voj voog, saib sab laug thiab sab xis.
Lwm yam kev tawm dag zog rau menyuam yaus
Qhov kev tawm dag zog qhov muag no yog rau cov menyuam kawm preschool thiab cov menyuam hnub nyoog kawm ntawv.
- Kos cov yeeb yuj txoj kev, muab tso rau ntawm ib qho khoom siv uas yuav khiav raws cov kab no (clockwise, yim, counterclockwise).
- Kev soj ntsuam ntawm zaj sawv, uas yog piav qhia raws li txoj cai spectrum muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov menyuam yaus txav lawv ob lub qhov muag hauv ib qho arc - sab laug thiab sab xis, sab xis thiab sab laug.
- Kev tawm dag zog "Qhov muag loj" thaum menyuam yaus nyem nruj thiab qhib qhov muag dav.
- Saib tus ntiv tes nyob deb, thiab tom qab ntawd kaw (maj mam nqa tes los ze rau ntawm tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg).
- Txhua tus neeg sawv cev ua ke thiab pib saib lawv cov thom khwm, thiab tom qab ntawd saib lub qab nthab ntawm chav tsev (piv txwv li, sab laug thom khwm yog kaum sab xis thiab rov ua dua).
- Txhua leej txhua tus ntsia lub qhov rais thiab saib cov ntoo saum toj (yog tias sway ntawm cua, koj kuj yuav tsum txav koj ob lub qhov muag - sab laug-txoj cai), ces saib cov noog, lub dav hlau thiab lwm yam sab saud. khoom. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum saib - ntawm cov neeg taug kev, tsheb, tsiaj txhu, saib xyuas lawv txoj kev txav mus los.
- Nrog plaub ntiv tes ntawm txhua txhais tes, maj mam nias (3 zaug) ntawm qhov muag kaw, thiab tom qab ntawd tso tawm.
- Ua raws li cov khoom ua si uas nyob hauv tes tig (piv txwv li, tus kws qhia tig, thiab cov me nyuam saib thiab ua txawv txavob lub qhov muag).
- Txhua tus zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum lossis hauv pem teb - ntawm qee qhov deb ntawm ib leeg. Ob txhais tes muab tso rau ntawm lawv ob sab. Tsiv koj ntsia - mus rau sab laug luj tshib, mus rau sab xis luj tshib.
- Qhov muag qhov muag - Massage kaw lub qhov muag clockwise rau 60 vib nas this kom so cov leeg thiab so tom qab exertion.
Zhdanov's discoveries
Public daim duab, tus kws tshawb fawb physics, tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev sib ntaus sib tua rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv, tus sau cov txheej txheem kho lub zeem muag raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm Bates thiab Shichko, - Zhdanov Vladimir Georgievich nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm muaj peev xwm normalize nws. pom kev (kho farsightedness) siv txoj kev tsis siv tshuaj. Nws tsis tu ncua ua ib qho kev tawm dag zog uas tau tsim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th los ntawm American ophthalmologist, William Bates, thiab tom qab me ntsis ntxiv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab biologist, physiologist, Gennady Shichko.
Txij li lub sijhawm rov qab los, Zhdanov pib kawm kom ntxaws txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho qhov muag. Yog li ntawd, nws thiaj nrhiav tau nws tus kheej txoj kev, uas tau nrov thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis pom kev, raws li Zhdanov, yog qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov muag cov leeg uas ua haujlwm lub cev muaj zog.
Yuav kom tag nrho cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm zoo thiab sib haum xeeb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo thiab ua kom lub sijhawm ua kom lub cev muaj zog, uas yog, tsim kom muaj kev sib luag ntawm ob lub qhov muag.
Qhov no yog qhov uas txhua tus xav tauqhov muag gymnastics ce raws li Zhdanov, uas, yog tias ua tsis tu ncua, yuav pab rov qab sharpness thiab tsom rau lub zeem muag.
Txoj kev tawm dag zog
tsom feem ntau ntawm kev kho qhov muag pom thiab pom deb, uas yog qhov tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm kev txo qhov pom kev pom - ob qho tib si rau cov hluas thiab cov neeg laus.
Ua cov kev tawm dag zog hauv lub xeev so kom txaus, hauv qhov chaw zaum. Lub sijhawm ntawm txhua qhov yog 5 vib nas this, tus lej rov ua dua yog 10 zaug:
- nrawm nrawm - kom so thiab npaj lub qhov muag rau kev tawm dag zog ntxiv.
- Txhob ob lub qhov muag los rau hauv qab.
- Txawj laug-txoj cai.
- Kev tig ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm lub moos thiab rov ua dua;
- Kaw thiab qhib daim tawv muag - nrog rau kev siv zog thiab nrawm.
- Kev saib yog los ntawm hauv qab thiab nce - kab pheeb ces kaum (txo txoj cai kaum ntawm hauv pem teb - sab laug kaum sab xis ntawm lub qab nthab thiab vice versa).
- Fast blink - 60 seconds.
- Tshaj qhov ntsia ntawm tus ntiv tes taw, uas yog thim rov qab deb ntawm lub qhov ntswg, ces mus ze nws.
- Saib ntawm qhov rais yog qhov khoom nyob deb, ces koj yuav tsum pom ib qho taw qhia ntawm lub qhov rais iav (ua los ntawm plasticine).
Cov kev tawm dag zog no haum rau cov neeg laus, vim lawv tsis hnav khaub ncaws ua si. Rau cov menyuam yaus, koj tuaj yeem tuav lawv txhua tus ntawm tib lub suab paj nruag, nkauj, zaj dab neeg.
Kev tawm dag zog rau lub qhov muag raws li Avetisov
Yog tias tus sau yav dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem qhia nws cov kev tawm dag zog los kho qhov muag, ces Eduard Sergeevich Avetisov yog tus paub zoo. Lavxias teb sab ophthalmologist, xib fwb ntawm cov tshuaj - pom zoo kom ua lub complexes tsim los ntawm nws los tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm ib tug deviations nyob rau hauv lub zeem muag.
Avetisov ntseeg tias yog tias koj saib xyuas koj lub qhov muag ntawm qhov muag thaum ntxov, txhawb nqa nws nrog kev tawm dag zog, ces nws muaj peev xwm ua kom nws zoo rau lub neej.
Tus xibfwb qhia meej tias lub qhov muag yuav tsum yoog tau zoo rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv thiab kev nyob deb, uas yog, kev loj hlob ntawm kev pabcuam (kev cog lus thiab so ntawm lub qhov muag cov leeg).
Gymnastics rau lub qhov muag ntawm Avetisov yog qhov qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg uas muaj kev xav rau myopia.
Training complexes
Yuav tsum ua tsis tu ncua thiab txhua hnub. Nws raug pom zoo kom ua nws sawv - tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa.
Txoj kev ua tib zoo ua tib zoo pib, pib maj mam, smoothly. Lub nra tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Ua txhua yam kom zoo.
Lub sijhawm ntawm ib qho kev tawm dag zog yog 5 vib nas this, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov teev yog 12 zaug.
thawj qhov thaiv yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntshav ncig hauv lub qhov muag:
- compression thiab unclenching ntawm daim tawv muag;
- blinking thiab daim tawv muag zaws txhua 15 vib nas this;
- nias ntiv tes rau ntawm daim tawv muag kaw - 4 zaug;
- forefingers nrog rau kev siv zog kov lub superciliary arches, ntsig txog, sab tes xis - mus rau sab xis, sab laug tes - mus rau sab laug koov.
Thib ob - ntxiv dag zog rau lub qhov muag cov leeg:
- txhais ntsia saum toj rau hauv qab thiab hauv qab mus rau saum(tsom rau cov ntsiab lus);
- ua kom kab pheeb ces kaum (lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub qab nthab - sab laug ces kaum ntawm pem teb thiab vice versa);
- saib sab laug mus rau sab xis thiab sab xis mus rau sab laug;
- ncig lub qhov muag.
Thib peb - kev cob qhia thiab kev pab:
- Tsom ntsoov rau ntawm tus ntiv tes ntawm txhais tes tawm, tom qab ntawd ntawm qhov taw tes ntawm qhov deb (xaiv sab nraum zoov) thiab dua ntawm tus ntiv tes.
- Tshaj tawm ntawm tus ntiv tes taw ntawm tes tawm, maj mam nce mus txog tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg, thaum saib tus ntiv tes txhua lub sijhawm. Thiab rub koj txhais tes rov qab.
- Tsom ntsoov rau sab laug thiab sab xis ob lub qhov muag (npog qhov thib ob) ntawm tus ntiv tes ntawm tes tawm, uas maj mam mus rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab tus ntiv tes - mus rau tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg. Thiab mam li txav deb dua.
- Tsom rau ntawm qhov taw tes ntawm lub qhov rais iav - taw tes ntawm qhov deb ntawm txoj kev.
Ntawm no yog qhov yooj yim qhov muag gymnastics rau myopia (thaum ntxov), muaj peb txheej ntawm 4 ce txhua, pab cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus kom tsis pom kev zoo.
Oriental techniques
Tibetan tshuaj muaj nws txoj hauv kev uas pab ua kom pom kev zoo, ua kom nws nyob hauv ib puas feem pua:
- Duab thiab xim: ob lub qhov muag yog sawv cev raws li tsob ntoo uas muaj xim ntsuab ntsuab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis tu ncua saib cov khoom, paintings, ntaub, ntawv, xim uas yog nyom ntsuab. Qhov no yuav pab kom cov leeg ntawm lub qhov muag thiab rov zoo li qub tom qab ua haujlwm ntev (nyeem ntawv, ua haujlwm hauv computer, thiab lwm yam).
- Massage hauv nruab nrabnruab nrab ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua kom lub qhov muag ntev ntev (kev sib hloov ntawm cov pob muag nrog lub qhov muag kaw, du stroking txav ntawm lub qhov muag kaw - daim tawv muag sab sauv thiab qis).
CV
Yuav ua li cas rau lub zeem muag thiab raws li kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv tus neeg yuav ua li cas - nws nyob ntawm nws tus kheej nyiam thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws lub qhov muag apparatus.
Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua txhua yam kom du, muab lub nra maj mam, thiab ua haujlwm nrog tus ntsuj plig, ua tib zoo thiab tiag tiag. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog qhov lav ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua neej ntev.
