Zaj lus yuav hais txog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob uas tswj tau - mumps lossis mumps hauv tib neeg. Txij li thaum xyoo 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum pib txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob loj, kev kis kab mob tau txo qis. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus yog dab tsi, nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas thiab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li cas - peb yuav teb cov lus nug no thiab lwm yam hauv kab lus.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob paramyxovirus parotidis, lub pas dej tsuas yog tus neeg muaj mob xwb. Cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab rau cov kab mob no, feem ntau tus kab mob no tau sau tseg hauv cov menyuam yaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub hluas raug mob mumps ntau dua (1.5 npaug ntau dua li cov ntxhais). Cov menyuam mos tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm lawv niam, uas kav ntev txog tsib xyoos. Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog preschool tau mob, tab sis kev kis mob ntawm cov neeg laus kuj tshwm sim. Ntxiv mus, tus neeg mob laus dua, cov tsos mob hnyav dua thiab nce ntxivkev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem. Tus kab mob kis tau muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau lub neej ruaj khov. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tsos mob uas qhia tau hais tias sab nraud, mumps yog hu ua kab mob mumps los yog mumps.
kab mob sib kis heev
Txij thaum lub sijhawm Hippocrates, tus kab mob no tau paub rau noob neej, thiab nws lub npe yog vim tus neeg mob zoo li tus npua (pom hauv daim duab). Kab mob mumps feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov qog ua kua qaub parotid, cov qog nqaij hlav uas ua rau mob thiab o. Tus kab mob kis tau tsuas yog los ntawm tus neeg mob los ntawm huab cua. Tsev neeg txoj kev kis tus kab mob mumps tsis suav nrog tag nrho. Lub caij nyoog ntawm qhov xwm txheej yog cuam tshuam nrog lub peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob kom muaj kev sib kis hauv lub caij txias thiab ntub dej ntawm lub xyoo. Tib lub sijhawm, tus kab mob no tau yooj yim deactivated los ntawm ziab, raug ultraviolet lub teeb thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Ntawm mumps
Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv peb daim ntawv qhia:
- Inaparat - tus kab mob tshwm sim yam tsis pom thiab pom cov tsos mob.
- Uncomplicated - paramyxovirus cuam tshuam tsuas yog cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug.
- Nyuaj - ntxiv rau cov qog ua kua qaub, tus kab mob nkag mus rau cov qog ntawm lwm yam kabmob (gonads, pancreas thiab paj hlwb).
Nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob, mumps tuaj yeem mob me, nruab nrab lossis hnyav. Parotitis yog txaus ntshai rau nws cov teeb meem. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm mumps tuaj yeem ua lag ntseg, testicular atrophy hauv cov txiv neej,tsis muaj menyuam, ntshav qab zib.
Stages of mumps development
Lub sijhawm muaj tus kabmob, cov sijhawm hauv qab no tau txawv:
- Txhob Cia Siab. Duration ntawm 10 mus rau 25 hnub. Tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg mob kis tau rau hnub 4-5.
- Lub sijhawm mob hnyav lossis qhov siab ntawm tus kabmob. Duration - mus txog 10 hnub. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce hauv cov tsos mob nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hnub 3-5th.
- Txoj kev rov qab los. Lub sijhawm rov qab tag nrho yuav kav li 10 hnub mus rau ib hlis.
Symptoms of mumps
Lub sijhawm mob qog noj ntshav yog nrog ua npaws, ua daus no, qaug zog thiab mob taub hau, tinnitus, mob thaum nqos thiab qhib qhov ncauj. Qhov pom pom ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov nce hauv cov qog ua kua qaub, qee zaum cuam tshuam nrog cov qog submandibular thiab sublingual hauv cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Lawv palpation yog mob, qhov mob pib ua ib sab, tab sis los ntawm 2-3rd hnub ntawm tus kab mob nws kis mus rau ob sab theem. Puffiness pib poob rau hnub 4-5th, thiab tsuas yog hauv cov neeg laus tuaj yeem mob qog noj ntshav mus txog 2 lub lis piam. Hauv chav kawm tsis yooj yim, tom qab ib lub lim tiam, cov tsos mob ploj mus thiab tus neeg mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rov zoo.
daim ntawv nyuaj ntawm tus kab mob
Hnub 5-7 hnub ntawm tus kabmob, hauv 10% ntawm cov neeg mob, lwm yam kabmob koom nrog kev mob.
Thaum tus txiav txiav ua puas lawm, cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob pancreatitis tshwm sim - mob hauv plab plab, dyspepsia, ntuav, xeev siab. Qhov teeb meem no ntau dua rau cov neeg mob laus thiab tshwm sim hauv qhov piv ntawm 1 mus rau14 case.
Paramyxovirus tuaj yeem kis rau pob ntseg sab hauv. Tus neeg mob tsim tinnitus tas li, kiv taub hau, tsis muaj kev sib koom tes thiab sib npaug. Nws feem ntau yog ib sab thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov lus lossis poob.
Ib qho teeb meem tsis tshua muaj - kev koom tes hauv kev mob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas - tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij mos degeneration, atrophy thiab oncology.
Thaum mob hnyav, qhov mob kis mus rau daim nyias nyias ntawm lub hlwb, ua rau lawv o thiab cov tsos mob ntawm meningeal (kub siab dua 39 degrees, photophobia, ntuav, convulsions). Hauv 10% ntawm cov neeg mob, tus kab mob ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm serous meningitis.
Kev tshwm sim ntawm mumps nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mos
Thaum qhov chaw mos koom nrog, cov tub hluas yuav tsim orchitis - 2-3 zaug o ntawm cov noob qes, nrog rau lawv induration thiab mob hauv puab tais. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm mumps rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12 xyoos yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. Lawv cov qe menyuam muaj kev cuam tshuam irreversibly, uas ua rau irreversible infertility. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam mob, testicular edema ploj nyob rau 7th hnub, tab sis nrog kev kho mob tsis zoo ntawm mumps nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej, testicular atrophy, impaired spermatogenesis thiab lwm yam infertility yuav tsim nyob rau hauv 1 mus rau 3 lub hlis. Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev muaj menyuam tsis taus tom qab tus txiv neej tuaj yeem kho tau, uas yuav tsum tau siv zog ntau thiab cov nqi khoom siv.
Hauv cov poj niam, tsawg zaus (txhua xyoo nees nkaum) tuaj yeem tsim qhov mob ntawm zes qe menyuam, tshwm sim yuav luag asymptomatically. Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xeeb tub.
Sau npe tus kab mob hauv tus poj niam cev xeeb tub hauvthawj peb lub hlis twg yog qhov qhia txog kev rho menyuam.
Kev kuaj mob mumps
Kev kuaj kab mob qog nqaij hlav nrog cov tsos mob hnyav yog feem ntau ncaj nraim. Tab sis qhov kev kuaj mob zaum kawg yog ua los ntawm kev kuaj pom tseeb. Lub arsenal niaj hnub ntawm kev kuaj mob muaj xws li:
- Kev kuaj mob. Kev cais tawm ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug, tso zis, ntws tawm ntawm lub pharynx. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), kev kuaj ntxiv kho (RCC) thiab kev kuaj hemagglutination inhibition (RTGA) yog siv. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no yuav tsis ntseeg tau vim muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob parainfluenza.
- Polymerase saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab tshaj plaws thiab muaj tseeb tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj tus kab mob. Txoj kev no muab lub tswv yim ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob thiab qhov ua rau muaj kab mob.
Kev sib txawv ntawm kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim tias cov kab mob sib txawv tuaj yeem muab zais rau hauv cov tsos mob sab nraud. Piv txwv li, qee zaum o ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug thiab lymphatic parapharyngeal nodes nrog tsis tshua muaj kab mob txaus ntshai - lymphadenitis nrog cov kab mob toxic diphtheria. Cov tsos mob zoo li no tuaj yeem nrog kev kis kab mob mononucleosis thiab kab mob herpesvirus.
Thaum cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam, yuav tsum hu tus kws kho mob mus rau hauv tsev. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv cov neeg laus feem ntau ua rau lawv mus ntsib kws kho hniav lossis kws kho mob ENT.
Cov neeg mob feem ntau tsis tas yuav mus pw hauv tsev kho mob. Nws yog nqa tawm tsuas yog thaum mob hnyavteeb meem ntawm kab mob mumps. Kev kho mob yog tsom rau kev tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem, txo thiab txo cov tsos mob. Cov neeg mob tau muab tshuaj rau lub txaj so, noj cov khoom noj mis nyuj thiab zaub, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm intoxication ntawm lub cev hnyav, kev tswj cov tshuaj detoxification intravenously (saline tov, 5% qabzib tov). Multivitamin complexes raug sau.
Kev kho mob hauv tsev yuav raug cais tawm mus txog 10 hnub. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv me nyuam yaus, yog tias kuaj pom kab mob qog noj ntshav, kev cais tawm yuav raug tshaj tawm txog li 3 lub lis piam.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav. Txij li thaum paramyxovirus zoo ib yam li tus kab mob khaub thuas, kev tiv thaiv dav dav yog tib yam rau kev kis tus kab mob kis thoob plaws. Kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog, tshem tawm kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg mob ua rau txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob.
Txoj kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog thawj zaug thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1 xyoos nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog nqaij hlav, qhua pias thiab rubella. Kev txhaj tshuaj thib ob yog qhia rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 6-7 xyoo uas tsis muaj kab mob qog.
Kev txhaj tshuaj: qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Qhov kev xav ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm qhov teeb meem no tsis meej. Muaj ib txoj kev xav tias tsuas yog cov tub hluas ntawm cov hluas (qhov pib ntawm kev puberty) uas tsis muaj mumps nyob rau hauv thaum yau yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov kev xav no yog qhov kev tiv thaiv tau los ntawm tus tub tom qab mumps thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov yog lub neej, thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.yuav ua kom nws muaj ntau xyoo.
Cov neeg txhawb nqa yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txhua tus menyuam yaus thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov hais rau qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj leej twg tiv thaiv kab mob qog nqaij hlav. Thiab yog tias nws muaj peev xwm zam kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm tus me nyuam mob ntshav qab zib, lag ntseg, lossis testicular atrophy, ces koj yuav tsum siv nws.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv contraindications
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv niaj hnub no muaj cov kab mob paramyxoviruses txo qis thiab cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau raws li nqaij qaib lossis quail qe lossis nyuj protein. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum muaj kev tsis haum rau tus menyuam. Muaj monovaccines thiab polyvaccines. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ntev tau ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov tebchaws sab hnub poob.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws Russia tau ua raws li daim ntawv teev npe txhaj tshuaj - thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1 xyoos thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6-7 xyoo. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj tseem siv tau rau thawj 2 hnub tom qab kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob, yog li qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem thiab cov kab mob hnyav tau txo qis.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo nrog cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no siab heev - kev tiv thaiv kav ntev li ob peb xyoos, qee zaum rau lub neej. Tab sis tseem muaj contraindications rau cov me nyuam:
- kab mob ntshav thiab kab mob oncological.
- Kev tsis haum rau ob lub qe thiab nqaij nyuj.
- Immunodeficiency xeev.
- Kev tsis haum rau qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm pawg aminoglycoside.
- mob kis mob hnyav.
- Cov tshuaj tsis haum rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los thiab ua rau mob hnyav zuj zus.
Txhua yam kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txuam nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob qog (ua npaws, ua pa thiabcatarrhal manifestations, o ntawm cov qog). Cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau hnub 10-12 tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kav ntev li 1-2 hnub thiab dhau mus rau lawv tus kheej.
niam txiv yuav tsum ua li cas
Hnub no, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab cov niam txiv muaj cai tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv tus menyuam. Ib tug tsuas muaj lub luag haujlwm los daws qhov teeb meem no, muab qhov tseeb hauv qab no:
- Kwv yees li ntawm 1.5 lab tus menyuam yaus tuag txhua xyoo thoob ntiaj teb, nws txoj kev tuag tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sijhawm.
- Kwv yees 17 ntawm 100 tus menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob yog tias txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txaus ntshai.
- Kev txhim kho ntawm meningoencephalitis, txawm tias tsis ua rau tuag taus, ua rau tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub suab paj nruag thiab lag ntseg.
- Kev tuag nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kab mob sib kis, txawm tias me me, yog 1 kis ntawm 100 txhiab tus neeg mob.
- Kwv yees li 25% ntawm cov txiv neej tsis muaj menyuam muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv menyuam yaus.
- Kev puas tsuaj loj rau txiav txiav tuaj yeem ua rau ntau hom ntshav qab zib.
Kev tsis ntseeg siab rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zej zog niaj hnub tau dhau los ua teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb ntev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hauv qab no: kev tsis ntseeg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li (nws cov txiaj ntsig lossis nws cov neeg muab khoom), kev khav theeb ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm (underestimation ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob), kev tsis yooj yim ntawm kev npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv (qhov chaw nyob deb, kev ntxhov siab. los yog tus nqi siab). Yam twg hauv qab no cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim siabniam txiv thiab koj puas kam hais tias koj tau txiav txim siab tsis yog raws li kev xav tsis tseeb?
Los ntawm kev tsis ntseeg mus rau qhov tseeb
Tib neeg tsis ntseeg txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau muaj txij li lawv tsim. Raws li kev xaiv tsa, 1/5 ntawm cov pej xeem tau npaj siab lees paub tias muaj kev koom tes kho mob, raws li tsoomfwv saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv txhawb nqa kev txhaj tshuaj txawm tias muaj kev phiv tshuaj. Koj tuaj yeem sib cav txog qhov no tau ntev, tab sis txhua tus niam txiv yuav tsum tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv tus menyuam. Peb tsuas yog nco qab tias nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kab mob xws li kab mob cholera, rabies, kab mob me me, ib hom kab mob meningoencephalitis thiab ntau dua 10 kab mob tau coj mus rau hauv qeb ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai uas ploj lawm. Kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txheej txheem nyuaj heev, thiab cov txheej txheem pov thawj tam sim no nruj heev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaiv tseem yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm tus kheej.
