kab mob hawb pob thiab kab mob tetanus yog cov kab mob txaus ntshai heev, uas feem ntau xaus rau hauv kev tuag. Txhawm rau tsim kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ADS-anatoxin tau tsim. Diphtheria-tetanus purified adsorbed toxoid yog thawj zaug hauv cov me nyuam mos. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj qib siab tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tib lub npe. Hauv qhov no, cov kws kho mob tsis pom zoo kom tsis quav ntsej qhov xav tau los tswj cov tshuaj.
Composition, tso daim ntawv
ADS-anatoxin yog ib yam tshuaj uas tsim los tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob hawb pob thiab tetanus. Qee tus tsis meej pem nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no yog cov tshuaj sib txawv, ntxiv rau, ADS-anatoxin tsis muaj cov kab mob pertussis.
Muaj 2 koob tshuaj rau 1 ml ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov khoom xyaw:
- kab mob diphtheria toxoid - 10 flocculating units.
- Tetanus toxoid binding units - 10 units.
- Merthiolate - 60 mcg. Cov tshuaj no yog ib tug preservative.
- Aluminium hydroxide - 0.55 mg. Ua raws li tus sorbent.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ADS-toxoid yog ib qho kev ncua uas muaj xim daj-dawb. Thaum co, cov tshuaj muaj homogeneous sib xws. Thaum nyob, qhov sib cais rau hauv cov kua thiab cov precipitate dawb yog pom meej meej.
Pharmacological action
Raws li cov lus qhia, ADS-anatoxin tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho me me ntawm cov kab mob pathologies thiab cov kab mob cab.
Ib yam ntawm toxoids yog tias lawv muab kev tsim ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tab sis txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj ntau zaus, saib xyuas qee lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, koj yuav tsum tau ua revaccination nrog ADS-anatoxin. Nrog kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pib. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog tshwm sim yog tias tus neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tag nrho thiab tsis tau plam kev txhaj tshuaj.
Kev qhia
ADS-anatoxin yog tsim los qhib thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev txhim kho kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus, txawm tias cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.
Kev qhia rau kev tswj hwm tshuaj:
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov menyuam yaus uas yav tas los mob hnoos hawb pob.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txhaj rau cov menyuam mos thiab cov neeg laus uas muaj qhov tsis zoo rau DTP.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4-5 uas tsis tau muajtau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus.
Kev npaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws.
Kev tswj hwm tshuaj kub ntxhov
Kev txhaj tshuaj nrog ADS-anatoxin kuj tseem ua tau yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm qhov qhib qhov txhab ntawm tus kab mob tetanus.
Qhia rau kev tswj hwm tshuaj thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev:
- Kev raug mob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub qis lossis kub heev (hlawv thiab frostbite).
- Kev rho menyuam tsis siv tshuaj.
- Qhib qhov txhab.
- Yug uas tshwm sim sab nraum lub tsev kho mob.
- Kev mob rau lub plab zom mov ntawm qhov nkag mus.
- qhov txhab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev tom los ntawm cov tsiaj qus los yog tsiaj qus.
- kab mob qog nqaij hlav thiab pob khaus uas tsis teb rau kev kho mob ntev.
- Kab mob hawb pob lossis kab mob tetanus nyob rau txhua cheeb tsam. Hauv qhov no, tag nrho cov pejxeem tau txhaj tshuaj.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsim cov kab mob txaus ntshai, ADS-anatoxin yuav tsum tau noj tsis pub dhau 20 hnub tom qab raug mob.
YContraindications
Zoo ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj muaj ntau qhov kev txwv ntawm kev siv.
Lub ntsiab contraindications:
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav rau kev txhaj tshuaj yav dhau los.
- Kev txhim kho cov teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab kev tswj hwm zaum kawg ntawm cov tshuaj.
- Kev muaj kab mob hauvmob theem. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg kawg yog 2 lub lis piam tom qab rov zoo los yog qhov pib ntawm qhov kev tso tawm ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pathologies ntawm qhov mob. Hauv cov kab mob me me (piv txwv li, nrog mob rhinitis), txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab ploj ntawm kev kho mob tshwm sim.
- Pathology ntawm ib qho xwm txheej neurological. Kev txhaj tshuaj tsuas yog muab yog tias tus kab mob tsis zoo.
- Kab mob ntawm qhov tsis haum. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm tsawg kawg 2 lub lis piam tom qab kev kho mob ntawm theem mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Kev siv ADS-toxoid thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation yog qhov tsim nyog tsis tau.
kab mob HIV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog tsis yog contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj.
txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kev txwv, tus kws kho mob thawj zaug xam phaj tus neeg mob thiab tsis ntsuas nws lub cev kub. Yog tias pom muaj contraindications, ib tus neeg tau sau npe, tom qab ob peb lub lis piam nws tau ceeb toom txog qhov yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txhaj rau hauv qhov chaw sab nrauv ntawm tus ncej puab (piv txwv li intramuscularly). Algorithm ntawm kev ua ntawm tus kws kho mob:
- Ntxuav tes kom huv si, qhuav lawv.
- Muab cov hnab looj tes tsis muaj menyuam pov tseg.
- khaws lub ntim thiab tshem tawm cov ampoule nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. So lub caj dab nrog paj rwb swab, abundantly dipped nyob rau hauv cawv. Txiav lub ampoule nrog tshwj xeeb emery disc.
- Npog lub hau nrog cawv so. Tso rau saum lub ampoule.
- Qhov chawsiv cov khoom siv paj rwb hauv lub tais nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Muab lub ampoule qhib rau hauv lub beaker.
- Siv ib lub syringe sterile pov tseg los ntawm qhib lub pob.
- Muab rab koob rau ntawm cov cuab yeej kho mob, kho nws zoo ntawm lub cannula.
- Txhob tso tseg.
- Sau cov koob txhaj tshuaj nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 0.5 ml. Muab ib qho ampoule khoob rau hauv lub thawv nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Nyob rau hauv daim ntaub uas tsis muaj menyuam thiab tso pa tawm ntawm lub koob txhaj rau hauv nws.
- Muab cov cuab yeej kho mob ntim rau hauv lub rooj tsis muaj menyuam.
- Kho daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj nrog 70% cawv.
- Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv intramuscularly.
- Tshem cov koob thiab rov kho qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj nrog paj rwb swab dipped hauv cawv.
- Tshem cov hnab looj tes thiab tso tag nrho cov khoom pov tseg rau hauv lub thawv uas muaj tshuaj tua kab mob.
Tom qab qhia cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yuav tsum tau sau npe qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev kho mob khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov teeb meem uas tau tshwm sim.
sijhawm txhaj tshuaj
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muab raws li lub tebchaws. Tab sis cov tswv yim rau cov neeg sib txawv yuav txawv.
Yog tias DTP raug txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau DTP, cov tshuaj tau muab ob zaug. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj lub sijhawm ntawm 45 hnub. Revaccination nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhia nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo (ib zaug). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej yog muab rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 lossis 7 xyoo, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum 14.
Cov menyuam yaus uas tau hnoos hawb pob tuaj yeem muab tshuaj rau txhua lub hnub nyoog es tsis txhob DPT. cov laus kom tswj tautxhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob mus tas li yog muab txhua 10 xyoo.
Yog tus menyuam tau txais thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP (feem ntau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 hli) thiab muaj kev phiv loj heev (convulsions, encephalopathy, thiab lwm yam), lub sijhawm tom ntej yog muab DTP. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txhaj ib zaug ntawm ib lub hlis. Revaccination yog qhia tom qab 9 lub hlis. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua tau tom qab 1-1.5 xyoo, tab sis tsuas yog tias tus menyuam tau txais DPT tag nrho cov sij hawm dhau los.
Yog tus neeg laus tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws kuj tau txhaj tshuaj. Kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj (txhua 10 xyoo) yog rau cov neeg uas nws cov haujlwm tshaj lij cuam tshuam txog zaub mov thiab ua haujlwm nrog menyuam yaus.
Cov lus pom zoo tom qab kev tswj hwm tshuaj
Cov kws kho mob qhia kom tsis txhob tos cov kev mob tshwm sim los txhim kho thiab noj qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob kom sai li sai tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom ntub qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem da dej, tab sis sai heev. Hauv qhov no, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam khoom ntxhib. Qhov no yog fraught nrog tus kab mob.
Hauv qab txwv tsis pub ua luam dej, da dej, saunas thiab da dej. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem no, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob thiab khaus khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog nce ntxiv.
Side effects
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pertussis muaj qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm reactogenicity. Nws tsis muaj nyob hauv ADS-toxoid. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua li DPT. Raws li kev txheeb caisRaws li cov ntaub ntawv, cov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, tab sis qhov ua tau ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim tseem tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv ADS-anatoxin qhia cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv qab no:
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos. Tej zaum yuav muaj o, liab, thiab induration ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hnov mob feem ntau tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj. Cov mob no ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv 2-3 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Lawv qhov tsos tsis yog vim li cas mus ntsib kws kho mob. Yog hais tias qhov compaction ntawm tus me nyuam txhawj xeeb heev, koj tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj pleev kom sov. Kev hnov mob tuaj yeem nres nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas haum rau hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom muab cov me nyuam ib nrab ib koob tshuaj Nurofen. Txhawm rau kom ceev cov txheej txheem ntawm resorption ntawm infiltrate, koj tuaj yeem muab tus menyuam lub teeb zaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawm dag zog lub cev tau tshwm sim.
- Ua kom lub cev kub. Kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntsuas no tau pom ntau zaus. Raws li txoj cai, qhov kub thiab txias nce rau hnub ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 3 hnub. Yog tias nws qis dua 37.5 oC, nws tsis pom zoo kom noj cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Thaum lub cev kub siab, "Nurofen" (los yog "Cefekon") thiab haus dej kom ntau tau qhia. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog li cas lub cev reacts rau nkag mus rau txawv teb chaws tus neeg sawv cev.
Qee zaus, muaj teeb meem loj. Cov no suav nrog:
- Encephalopathies.
- Txhawj xeeb.
- Ib yam mob uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev quaj ntev thiab tsis tu ncua.
- Impaired nco qab.
- Collapse.
- Anaphylactic shock.
- Quicke's edema.
Yog tias muaj teeb meem saum toj no tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tam sim ntawd. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj (Qincke's edema, anaphylactic shock) tshwm sim ib nrab teev tom qab noj cov tshuaj. Hauv qhov no, cov kws kho mob tsis pom zoo tawm hauv tsev kho mob li 30 feeb tom qab txhaj tshuaj.
Kev Sib Tham Tshuaj
ADS toxoid tuaj yeem siv tib lub sijhawm raws li cov tshuaj polio. Ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj aluminium hydroxide. Nov yog qhov tso cai rau koj kom txo qis tus naj npawb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
ADS-anatoxin tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm yam tshuaj. Tab sis sib tov lawv yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv ntau qhov chaw. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis. Nws tsis tsim nyog muab tso rau ib txhij nrog kev qhia txog tshuaj.
ADS-M-anatoxin
Tam sim no, qhov no tsuas yog qhov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. ADS yog ib yam tshuaj uas tsim nyob rau hauv Russia los ntawm lub tuam txhab Microgen. ADS-M-anatoxin kuj yog tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tsev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm OJSC "Biomed"
Raws li cov lus qhia, ADS-M-anatoxin muaj tib lub ntsiab lus. Tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me ntsis tsis muaj zog. Raws li txoj cai, nws raug sau tseg rau cov menyuam yaus uas raug kev txom nyem tsis yog DTP nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj ATP.
Nyob hauv kaw
kab mob hawb pob thiab tetanus yog kab mob uas feem ntau tuag taus. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov hauv tib neeg, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ADS-toxoid tau tsim. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg mob feem ntau, vim nws tsis muaj cov kab mob pertussis. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob tshwm sim tseem nyob. Raws li txoj cai, lawv manifest lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nce nyob rau hauv lub cev kub thiab hloov nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Cov xwm txheej no dhau ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv 2-3 hnub.
