Ntau yam kab mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum hauv ntiaj teb. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog idiopathic scoliosis. Nws tshwm sim hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob. Idiopathic hais txog txhua hom scoliosis nrog lub hauv paus tsis paub meej. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov ua rau curvature ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, vim tias tsis muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm qhov tshwm sim.
juvenile idiopathic scoliosis yog dab tsi?
Muaj peb hom idiopathic scoliosis. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws - pib, infantile. Nws tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm nws tus kheej, yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kws kho mob. Ob hom scoliosis yog menyuam yaus, uas loj hlob mus txog kaum xyoo. Daim foos no tau nce qib. Tus neeg mob raug xaiv los hnav corset thiab phau ntawv kho mob.
hom kab mob thib peb yog menyuam yaus idiopathic scoliosis. Nws pib thaum puberty thiab intensive kev loj hlob. Qhov no yog hom kab mob scoliosis uas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, uas muaj cov duab kho mob sib txawv. Nws tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus tub hluas lub cev.
Qee tus kab mob scoliosis qeeb thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim loj. Lwm cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv. Muaj cov xwm txheej uas qhov curvature ntawm tus txha nraub qaum nce txawm tias tom qab thaum hluas. Tab sis qhov no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, feem ntau thaum muaj hnub nyoog, kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob qeeb.
Ntau yam ntawm idiopathic scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis tau muab faib ua ntau yam. Lawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov curvature:
- Lumbar (txwv tsis pub lumbar) tshwm hauv thaj tsam ntawm thawj lossis thib ob vertebra. Mob nraub qaum pib lig ntawm tus kab mob.
- Idiopathic thoracic scoliosis yog lwm yam hu ua thoracic. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov txiv neej hluas thiab cov menyuam yaus. Tus kab mob manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub thoracic vertebrae. Feem ntau, lawv khoov rau sab xis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub sab saum toj ntawm lub arc yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 10 los yog 8 vertebrae. Nrog rau qib siab ntawm tus kab mob hnyav, cov teeb meem loj pib hauv lub ntsws thiab lub plawv.
- Thoracolumbar curvature yog nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 11th lossis 12th vertebrae. Mob yog hnov nyob rau hauv lub lumbar cheeb tsam.
- Nrog rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam curvature, lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag yog distorted. Lub apex ntawm deformity arc yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 3-4 vertebrae. Daim ntawv no ntawm scoliosis yog congenital.
Tus kab mob muaj peb hom, cais raws li qhov arc ntawm curvature. C - qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, pib. Nws yog yooj yim dua thiab sai kho. S - nruab nrab, Z - kawg, nyuaj tshaj plaws. Ob hom no nyuaj rau kho. Txhua qhov arc muaj qhov deformations theem nrab, uasUa rau nyuaj rau daim duab kho mob ntawm tus kab mob.
Kev curvature
Idiopathic scoliosis muaj plaub degrees ntawm curvature, nyob ntawm nws lub kaum sab xis (tus lej yog degrees):
- thawj - mus txog 10;
- thib ob - mus txog 25;
- thib peb - txog 50;
- plaub - tshaj 50.
Thawj ob qib ntawm curvature yog me me. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev tsis cuam tshuam. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog qhov thib peb thiab plaub degrees ntawm curvature. Hauv qhov no, cov kabmob sab hauv tuaj yeem raug puas lossis txawm hloov lawv qhov chaw, uas yog fraught nrog teeb meem loj.
Caus ntawm scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis tseem tsis tau txais cov npe meej ntawm cov laj thawj vim li cas pathology tsim. Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev xav, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg muab cov lus piav qhia tag nrho. Idiopathic curvature ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yuav tshwm sim vim:
- neuromuscular tsis ua haujlwm;
- kev txhim kho ntawm cov pob txha pob txha;
- musculoskeletal insufficiency;
- kev puas tsuaj ntawm pob txha loj hlob.
Nyob rau hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm scoliosis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm caj ces. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho idiopathic curvature yog siab nyob rau hauv cov tsev neeg uas muaj cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no (txawm mus txog rau peb kab ntawm kinship).
Symptoms of disease
Pathology yog nrog los ntawm cov tsos mob sib txawv, nyob ntawm seb tus kab mob twg. Idiopathic scoliosis ntawm qib 1 yog nrog los ntawm kev tshwm sim me mekab mob. Yeej, qhov no yog ib qho ua txhaum ntawm kev ua pa ntawm lub ntsws vim qhov hloov me ntsis ntawm lub hauv siab hauv nruab nrog cev. Tsis tshua muaj ntau zaus, neuralgia tau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm girdle mob.
Cov ntaub ntawv hnyav ntawm curvature yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm neurological syndromes. Lawv tuaj yeem raug nthuav tawm hauv kev txwv kev txav ntawm caj npab thiab txhais ceg, poob ntawm daim tawv nqaij rhiab heev. Nrog tus kab mob thib ob pib:
- pneumosclerosis, thaum tsis ua haujlwm cov ntaub so ntswg loj hlob hauv lub ntsws;
- ntshav siab nce;
- lub npe hu ua scoliotic lub plawv tau sau tseg, nyob rau hauv uas txoj cai ventricle ntawm lub cev yog deformed vim compression ntawm lub hauv siab.
Yog tus kab mob hnyav heev, pulmonary lossis plawv tsis ua haujlwm yuav tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam kabmob, stagnation tshwm, o ntawm extremities pib, lub siab thiab spleen nce. Gastritis thiab mob bronchitis tshwm sim.
Vim qhov curvature ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, vertebrae deformed loj heev, cov discs tau tsiv mus. Yog li ntawd, protrusions thiab hernias yog tsim. Lub vertebral hump yuav tshwm sim thaum thaj tsam thoracic protrude rov qab. Outwardly, nws pom tau hais tias tus txha nraub qaum yog ntawm lub kaum sab xis.
Txoj kev kho tus mob scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis, nws txoj kev kho mob nyob ntawm qhov tuaj yeem ua tau ntxiv, suav nrog kev siv ntau yam kev kho mob. Yog tias qhov ua haujlwm hloov pauv ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txawv txav hauv lub cev, txoj kev kho yog txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov ua rau.
Thaum tus txha caj qaum yog tshwm simtxawv ceg ntev, qhov no yog kho nrog kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb orthopedic khau thiab insoles. Hauv qhov no, tsis tas yuav muaj lwm yam kev kho mob. Infantile idiopathic scoliosis, uas pib thaum me nyuam mos thiab loj hlob ua ntej hnub nyoog peb xyoos, feem ntau daws nws tus kheej.
Hom neuromuscular ntawm pathology tshwm sim vim kev txhim kho tsis raug ntawm lub cev pob txha ntawm tus txha nraub qaum. Yog li ntawd, tus kab mob yuav siv sij hawm ib tug zuj zus daim ntawv. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam kev phais.
kev kho mob
Nyob ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, nws cov qib thiab cov chav kawm, cov tshuaj tau muab. Nrog mob hnyav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis-steroidal (Meloxicam, Ibuprofen, thiab lwm yam) raug tshuaj. Txhawm rau txo cov leeg nqaij, cov leeg nqaij so yog muab tshuaj (piv txwv li, Mydocalm). Thaum lub sij hawm kho, calcium, bisphosphonates thiab vitamins raug sau.
Surgery
Idiopathic scoliosis raug kho nrog kev phais yog tias lwm yam kev kho mob ua tsis tiav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus neeg mob muaj qhov mob uas tsis tshem tawm txawm tias siv tshuaj.
Tus kab mob pib zuj zus ntxiv, thiab txoj kab nqes ntawm tus txha caj qaum nce mus txog 45 degrees. Kev phais yog qhov chaw kawg. Yog tias tsim nyog, muab tso rau cog.
kho lub cev
Kev kho lub cev yog qhov yuav tsum tau uakev kho mob nyuaj. Thaum muaj mob, cov leeg nqaij tau txo qis, lawv qhov tsis muaj zog yog pom. Yog li ntawd, physiotherapy yog tsom rau:
- tshem tawm cov leeg nqaij dystrophy;
- pab mob;
- Spine stabilization;
- txhim kho cov leeg nqaij contractile muaj nuj nqi.
Autoreclination, static so thiab underwater traction ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog siv rau kev kho lub cev. Ntawm cov txheej txheem myostimulating, pulsed, tsawg zaus thiab electrotherapy raug tshuaj. Txhawm rau kho qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm locomotor, cov hauv qab no yog siv:
- vibrotherapy;
- radon thiab hydrogen sulfide da dej;
- peloid therapy;
- kho mob massage;
- traction therapy;
- da dej hauv qab;
- manual therapy.
Txhawm rau txhim kho cov metabolism, ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ultraviolet thiab sodium chloride da dej ua tiav. Kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb (kev tawm dag zog ua si) raug muab ua ib qho kev sib cais. Ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis yog ib txwm siv, yoga yog siv.
Contraindications rau physiotherapy
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias idiopathic scoliosis yog kho feem ntau nrog kev pab kho lub cev, muaj ntau yam contraindications rau nws siv:
- qog nqaij hlav hauv qaum;
- pronounced osteoporosis;
- vertebral hypermobility;
- tuberculosis tshwm sim hauv qab nraub qaum;
- kev tsis sib haum lossis pob txha ntawm cov pob qij txha intervertebral.
Tsis tas li, kev kho lub cev tsis raug sau tseg yog tias muaj qhov tsis xws luag (qhov txhab, mob thiabetc.).
tiv thaiv kab mob
Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj vitamin B12 thiab folic acid los tiv thaiv scoliosis. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov menyuam mos thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas, tsis pub zaum hunched. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tsis txhob siv sijhawm ntau ntawm lub rooj thiab lub computer.
Cov vitamins yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov ntawm cov menyuam mos thiab cov hluas. Gymnastics tau ua txhua hnub. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia cov menyuam yaus rau kev ua si xws li ntaus pob thiab ua luam dej. Yog tias tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, kev kho yuav tsum tau ua thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob.
