Cervical cancer yog cov qog nqaij hlav, uas, raws li kev txheeb xyuas kev kho mob, ntawm cov kab mob zoo sib xws uas tshwm sim hauv cov poj niam, yog nyob rau thib plaub tom qab oncology ntawm lub plab, qog mammary thiab daim tawv nqaij. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov qog no yog cov hlwb uas npog lub ncauj tsev menyuam.
Txhua xyoo cov qog no tau kuaj pom ntau dua rau pua txhiab tus neeg mob. Raws li txoj cai, mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub caug thiab rau caum. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tsis ntev los no tus kab mob no tau dhau los ua hluas dua.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav pom tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv cov poj niam uas muaj tus kab mob no, thiab tseem xav txog nws cov theem tseem ceeb thiab txoj kev kho mob.
Tus kab mob tseem ceeb
Raws li nrog rau lwm cov kab mob oncological, cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam yog hnub nyoog siab, nrog rau kev raug hluav taws xob thiab ntau yam tshuaj carcinogens. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb twb tau ua pov thawj tias muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha ntawm kev txhim kho mob qog noj ntshav thiabpapillomavirus. Tus kab mob no, raws li txoj cai, raug kuaj pom hauv ib puas feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, papillomaviruses ntawm hom 16 thiab 18th yog lub luag haujlwm rau 70% ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav. Wb lub npe yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau tus kab mob no:
- pib ntxov ntxov ntawm kev sib deev. Kev sib raug zoo yog suav tias yog pib ua ntej hnub nyoog kaum rau.
- Qhov pib ntawm cev xeeb tub. Nws kuj suav nrog kev yug ntxov ntxov uas tshwm sim ua ntej hnub nyoog kaum rau xyoo.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
- Kev rho menyuam tawm.
- Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw mos.
- Muaj tus cwj pwm phem, xws li haus luam yeeb.
- Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hormonal ntev.
- Kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Tus kab mob no tshwm sim li cas?
Raws li txoj cai, cov qog tuaj yeem tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm tus mob precancerous, uas suav nrog kev yaig, dysplasia, muaj cov kab mob hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam, nrog rau kev hloov pauv cicatricial tom qab yug menyuam thiab rho menyuam, thiab ntxiv rau, ntau yam. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory mus ntev.
Raws li kev xyaum qhia, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob ua ntej mus rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tuaj yeem siv sijhawm li ob mus rau kaum tsib xyoos. Kev hloov pauv tom ntej los ntawm theem pib ntawm mob qog noj ntshav mus rau qhov kawg yuav kav ob xyoos. Thaum xub thawj, cov qog tuaj yeem ua rau tsuas yog lub ncauj tsev menyuam, thiab tom qab ntawd nws maj mam pib loj hlob mus rau cov kabmob uas nyob ib puag ncig. Thaum lub sij hawm tus kab mob, qog hlwbmuaj peev xwm thauj tau nrog cov kua dej ntws mus rau cov qog ntshav nyob ze, tsim cov kab mob malignant tshiab nyob rau ntawd, uas yog, metastases.
Koj tuaj yeem paub li cas thiaj paub txog tus kab mob oncology?
theem pib ntawm mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam tuaj yeem ua rau asymptomatic tag nrho. Feem ntau, tus kab mob no raug kuaj pom los ntawm tus kws kho mob gynecologist thaum lub sij hawm kuaj xyuas tus neeg mob. Tab sis txhua tus poj niam yuav tsum tau ceev faj yog tias nws muaj qhov tso tawm dawb nrog cov tshuaj me me ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm qhov chaw mos. Qhov loj dua cov qog, thiab ntev dua nws twb muaj lawm, qhov ntau dua qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntshav tawm los ntawm qhov chaw mos, piv txwv li, tom qab kev sib deev los yog vim kev nqa hnyav, txhua yam ntawm lub siab, lossis vim yog kev sib tw. txheej txheem. Cov tsos mob zoo sib xws tshwm sim thaum twb muaj cov kab mob ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam nrog cov hlab ntsha tawg. Cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ceeb toom raws sijhawm.
Ntxiv mus, raws li tus kab mob loj hlob tuaj, compression ntawm lub plab paj hlwb plexuses tshwm sim, uas tej zaum yuav muaj nrog mob nyob rau hauv lub sacrum, thiab ntxiv rau, nyob rau hauv lub lumbar cheeb tsam los yog nyob rau hauv lub plab mog. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no thiab kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov qog mus rau hauv lub plab hauv plab, cov tsos mob xws li, piv txwv li, ntau yam mob nraub qaum nrog rau o ntawm ob txhais ceg, impaired tso zis thiab defecation yuav tshwm sim. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm fistulas txuas cov hnyuv thiab qhov chaw mos tsis raug cais tawm. Tam sim no cia saib seb cov tsos mob dab tsipom nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug pathology xws li mob qog noj ntshav.
Symptoms
Yog li, raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, thawj theem ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav, raws li txoj cai, ua tiav yam tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb, thiab yog li kev kuaj mob tsuas yog ua tau tom qab kuaj cytological, uas cuam tshuam nrog smear los ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Ntawm lwm yam, colposcopy yog ua ib feem ntawm kev kuaj mob. Vim tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob txaus ntshai no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov poj niam kom tsis tu ncua los ntawm tus kws kho mob gynecologist, thiab ntxiv rau, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas. Ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim tom qab muaj mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub cev, cov tsos mob hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- Qhov tsos ntawm leucorrhea nrog rau cov ntshav tawm los ntawm qhov chaw mos.
- Tshuaj ntawm kev sib cuag zais cia. Xws li lub cim tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev pom, uas yog tsim thaum muaj kev sib deev, nrog rau tom qab ua tiav.
- Kev mob thaum muaj kev sib deev.
- Koob ntshav uas tshwm sim ntawm lub sijhawm.
- Lub sijhawm ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws nrog rau qhov hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Puas muaj lwm yam cim qhia txog kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam?
- Qhov muaj cov dej tsis tshua muaj paug, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo cov lymphatic capillaries uas nyob ib sab mus rau txheej txheej epithelial.
- qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem ua rau paug tawm uas tsw tsw thiab zoo li cov kua paug.
- Cov tsos mob ntawm kev hnov mob yuav qhia tau tias kis tau tus kab mob qog noj ntshav, uas kis mus rau parametric fiber. Tsis tas li ntawd,Qhov no yuav qhia tau tias compression tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb plexuses ntawm cheeb tsam sacrum. Yog li, qhov mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau sab nraub qaum, thiab ntxiv rau, hauv qhov quav, plab plab, sacrum thiab thighs, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tshwm sim los ntawm infiltrates uas tshwm sim nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub plab mog. Tau kawg, qhov no nyob ntawm qib ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.
- Txhob ntawm lub ureter. Qhov tshwm sim no ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov zis tawm nrog rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Thiab thaum tuav cov hlab ntsha lymphatic, lymph stagnation tuaj yeem tshwm sim, uas yuav tshwm sim hauv ob txhais ceg. Yog li, lymphostasis tshwm sim.
- Cov theem tom qab ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem nrog los ntawm qhov muaj cov kab mob dysuric, uas yog tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub zais zis, nrog rau kev ua txhaum ntawm kev tso quav. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv tuaj yeem ua rau pom cov ntshav hauv cov quav, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov xwm txheej yuav ua rau muaj qhov fistula.
- Cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab mob no yog kev txhim kho ntawm mob qog noj ntshav cachexia, uremia thiab peritonitis.
Cia peb saib cov theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.
theem kab mob thiab daim duab kho mob
Oncology ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam yog ib qho kev tsim qog nqaij hlav uas mus txog plaub theem tseem ceeb ua ib feem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob ntawm ib theem ntawm pathology, cov kws kho mob tsim ib txoj kev kho tus kheej uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tsis yog txhua lub teb chaws muajlub peev xwm los kuaj xyuas oncology thaum ntxov.
Hais txog theem xoom ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm qog noj ntshav (duab qhia) lawv hais tias thaum kuaj pom tus kab mob uas tuaj yeem hloov mus ua qog nqaij hlav malignant. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws yog hu ua tus mob precancerous, uas suav nrog kev muaj papilloma, leukoplakia thiab yaig. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas nws nyob rau theem no uas kev kho mob tau ua tiav, nws yuav ua tau kom txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntxiv.
Thawj theem ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam tau kuaj pom yog tias qhov txhab tau cuam tshuam rau saum npoo ntawm txheej epithelial ntawm cov mucosa ntawm lub cev. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig:
- Oncology theem "1A" tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov muaj cov qog uas nws loj tsis tshaj li ib nrab centimeter.
- Hauv oncology ntawm theem "1B", qhov loj ntawm cov qog tuaj yeem ncav cuag plaub centimeters, tab sis tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau theem no kev ciaj sia ntawm cov neeg mob yog li ib puas feem pua. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub sijhawm, kev loj hlob ntawm qog nqaij hlav tsis yog nrog los ntawm ib qho teeb meem, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus ncaj qha tau khaws cia. Tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob, yog li tom qab kho cov kab mob, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus kuaj tsis tu ncua.
Cervical cancer ntawm lub tsev me nyuam thib ob yog kuaj pom nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm germination ntawm ib tug malignant qog nyob rau hauv lub tob txheej. Muaj tseeb, nyob rau theem no, kev sib kis ntawm oncology mus rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg tseem tsis tau pib. Nws muaj peev xwm soj ntsuam cov hlwb mutated hauv cheeb tsamlub regional lymph nodes. Qhov xwm txheej no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, vim tias cov qog ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntxiv ntawm malignant neoplasm. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau thawj theem ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau theem no, ib tug poj niam yuav pib pom cov tsos mob nram qab no:
- Zoo los ntshav tsis muaj nuj nqis.
- Tshuaj mob nyob rau hauv lub plab mog thiab pubic.
- Pom ntau qhov chaw mos tawm.
- Tsis ua raws li ib txwm ua ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws.
Cervical cancer theem 3 txhais tau hais tias cov qog tau kis mus rau hauv cov txheej sib sib zog nqus, cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw mos nrog cov phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub plab mog. Tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem ntawm pathology nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm lub raum, thiab ntxiv rau, blockage ntawm lub ureters. Cov cim qhia hauv qab no yam ntxwv ntawm theem peb yog qhov txawv:
- Tshuaj ntsuab ntawm cov extremities.
- Kev tso tawm ntau heev.
- Npaum plab hnyuv thiab zais zis.
- Tshuaj mob hauv plab pelvic.
- Nyob siab qaug zog.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov teeb meem ntawm pathology feem ntau ua rau tuag.
Nyob rau hauv mob qog noj ntshav ntawm qib plaub, metastasis ntawm txoj hnyuv tau kuaj pom, thiab ntxiv rau, lub zais zis thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg. Feem ntau qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev kho mob hauv qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li kab mob txaus ntshai xws li mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam tau raug kho hauv Israeli cov chaw kho mob txawm tias nyob rau theem siab. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev kho mob, cov kev siv tau zoo tshaj plaws yog siv los ua kom lub neej ntevcov neeg mob, thiab txhua yam ua tiav los txo cov tsos mob ntawm daim duab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias kev saib xyuas mob palliative tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg lub neej ntev mus ob peb xyoos ntxiv.
Squamous cell cervical cancer
Nws suav hais tias yog ib hom kab mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam, uas yog tsim los ntawm stratified squamous epithelium hauv ob sab phlu, lossis nws qhov chaw mos. Hom kab mob no tau kuaj pom hauv 70-80% ntawm cov neeg mob, adenocarcinoma kuaj pom hauv 10-20%, mob qog noj ntshav qis yog 10%, kuaj pom lwm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam tsawg dua 1%.
Qhov ntau tshaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm squamous cell carcinoma ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam yog pom nyob rau hauv cov poj niam hnub nyoog 40 txog 60 xyoo. Tsis muaj tsos mob rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias oncology tau kuaj pom twb nyob rau theem siab heev. Qhov kev kwv yees thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog kev poob siab. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam loj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm gynecology thiab oncology.
Kev kuaj kab mob
Kev kuaj mob ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm mob qog noj ntshav pib nrog kev mus ntsib kws kho mob gynecologist. Thaum lub sij hawm kev ntsuam xyuas, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug digital kuaj ntawm qhov chaw mos yog ua, qhov mob ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam yog kuaj nrog gynecological tsom iav, nrog rau siv colposcopy. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem no, txoj kev tshawb no yog ua los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb hu ua colposcope. Ua tsaug rau nws, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov mob ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, thiab ntxiv rau, muaj cov neoplasms ntawm nws, yog tiasmuaj. Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev tshawb no, ib tug biopsy yuav ua tau, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub so ntswg coj mus kuaj tom ntej histological xeem. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas tus kws kho mob gynecologist tuaj yeem paub tseeb, tus neeg mob yuav raug xa mus rau kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob oncologist.
Yuav kom paub tseeb tias kev txhim kho ntawm qog noj ntshav ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thaum ntxov, kev sim tshwj xeeb tau ua tiav. Qhov tseeb, nws raug pom zoo kom ua tsis tu ncua, tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua ob xyoos, rau txhua tus poj niam uas muaj hnub nyoog plaub caug xyoo. Raws li ib feem ntawm qhov kev sim no, lub tsev menyuam tau muab los ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam nrog ib lub pas, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau stained nrog cov xim tshwj xeeb, tshuaj xyuas hauv lub tshuab tsom. Cov txheej txheem no yog hu ua cytological kuaj ntawm smear los ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias hauv cov tebchaws hais lus Askiv qhov kev xeem no hu ua "Pap smear", thiab hauv Tebchaws Meskas nws hu ua "pap smear".
Nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej, thaum kuaj mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub cev no, cov kws kho mob tau tshuaj xyuas ultrasound. Sib nqus resonance imaging thiab xam tomography ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav txiav txim qhov loj thiab localization ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, thiab kuj paub seb cov qog nqaij hlav hauv zos puas tau cuam tshuam.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho tus kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam ib txwm ua ke thiab suav nrog tsis yog phais nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem siv tshuaj khomob thiab hluav taws xob. Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, kev kho mob yog muab rau tus kheej, uas ncaj qha nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob, thiab ntxiv rau, ntawm kev sib kis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws kho mob coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam uas muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory tam sim ntawd thaum lub sijhawm kho.
Thaum kev phais mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam, cov qog tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm nrog ib feem me me ntawm lub cev nws tus kheej. Muaj tseeb, cov xwm txheej ntawm cov qog tshem tawm nrog rau tag nrho lub tsev menyuam, thiab qee zaum nrog lub tsev menyuam, tsis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj. Nws kuj tshwm sim tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tau ntxiv los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov qog ntshav hauv thaj chaw pelvic. Qhov no yog ua tiav thaum cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav tau tswj kom nkag mus thiab nkag hauv paus rau ntawd. Kev txiav txim siab tshem tawm zes qe menyuam feem ntau yog ua rau ntawm tus kheej. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov neeg mob hluas, zes qe menyuam tuaj yeem cawm tau.
Tom qab kev phais, yog tias tsim nyog, cov neeg mob yuav tau txais kev kho hluav taws xob kho mob qog noj ntshav. Kev kho mob nrog ionizing hluav taws xob feem ntau ua tiav kev kho mob phais, thiab qee zaum raug muab cais. Hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, kws khomob tuaj yeem siv nrog rau cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas txwv kev loj hlob thiab faib cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias, hmoov tsis, xws li, muaj peev xwm ntawm chemotherapy tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob no yog heev txwv. Kev mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam yog dab tsi?
Kev ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus poj niam, nrog rau kev xaiv kho kom raug, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ntawm kev kuaj mob ntxov. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov, qhov kev kuaj mob feem ntau yog qhov zoo, thiab tus kab mob nws tus kheej tuaj yeem kho tau ua tsaug rau txoj kev phais.
Lub neej zoo li cas tom qab mob qog noj ntshav? Qhov no tuaj yeem pom hauv kev tshuaj xyuas.
Cov lus teb los ntawm cov neeg mob txog txoj kev kho mob
Cov neeg mob uas raug mob los ntawm tus kab mob txaus ntshai no sau tias hauv peb lub tebchaws, kev phais siv los kho tus kab mob no, thiab ntxiv rau, tshuaj kho mob. Cov neeg uas tau ua tiav tsib chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob nrog hluav taws xob hais tias lawv tseem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov mob, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub fact tias muaj ib tug xav tias ib yam dab tsi yog rub rau ntawm lub plab mog thiab sab nraub qaum. Hauv qee tus poj niam, tom qab kev kho mob, lub ncauj tsev menyuam tau ua nyob ib sab ntawm thaj tsam ntawm txoj hnyuv loj, ua rau muaj cov adhesions uas txuas ntxiv ua rau mob.
Dab tsi yog lwm cov kev xav txog kev mob qog noj ntshav?
Cov neeg mob uas tau txais kev kho mob thaum ntxov qhia tias txoj kev kho tau ua tiav. Yog li, lawv tau tswj hwm txhua yam nrog kev sib koom ua ke, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntxiv lawm. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas tseem tshuav yog mus txuas ntxiv mus xyuas los ntawm gynecologist tsis tu ncua, vim tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob rov qab yog siab.
Zoo kawg
Yog li, tus kab mob tau piav qhia yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau poj niam noj qab haus huv thiab rau lub neej ib yam nkaus. Zoo li lwm yam mob qog noj ntshav, nws yuav tsum tau kho ntxov. Thiab txhawm rau kom muaj sijhawm los txheeb xyuas qhov tsim ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological nyob rau lub sijhawm, cov poj niam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lawv cov kev noj qab haus huv thiab mus ntsib kws kho mob txhua rau lub hlis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab hnub nyoog plaub caug.
