Dung beetle nceb (koprinus) yog ib hom nceb ntawm champignon tsev neeg. Nws tau paub txij li xyoo pua 18th, txawm hais tias nws tau raug hu ua ib qho kev ywj pheej nkaus xwb thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tam sim no, dung beetle yog nceb, uas muaj txog 25 hom. Lawv feem ntau yog inedible vim yuav luag tsis muaj pulp, lwm hom koprinus yog tshuaj lom.
Cov noob qoob loo txiav thaum yau yog ib qho khoom noj zoo heev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov kws tshaj lij ua zaub mov ntawm qee lub tebchaws (Czech koom pheej, Fabkis, Finland) faib cov dung mushroom dawb raws li kev noj qab haus huv. Koj yuav tsum xub kawm cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom ua ntej sim ua koj tus kheej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj, dung beetle nceb yog siv rau haus cawv, tshuaj xyuas txog qhov no tuaj yeem nyeem hauv qab no. Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov dej qab zib muaj zog nrog nws - xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau cov zaub mov lom lom.
Ntse
Cov nceb yog cov kaus mom-legged. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv muaj elongated central ceg. Lub kaus mom muaj convextswb-puab, nws yuav luag tsis qhib tiaj tus. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub hau yog du, liab qab, npog nrog ib txheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm flakes los yog nplai. Cov nqaij yog nyias heev, vim nws tsis tuaj, feem ntau hom nceb yog suav tias yog inedible.
Dung beetle yog nceb nrog elongated, cylindrical ceg. Nws feem ntau hollow thiab du nrog fibrous nqaij. Qhov dav, nquag thiab nyias daim hlau thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov yog xim dawb, tom qab ntawd tig liab dawb (tig daj), thaum cov nceb qub lawv tig dub los yog xim av.
Lub caij txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm koprinus yog lub caij ntuj sov-Lub Kaum Hli.
dung beetle
Lub npe thib ob yog dung beetle. Nws yog ib tug conditionally edible nceb. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov kev ntxim nyiam vim "fringe" - ntau daus-dawb nplai npog nws lub kaus mom. Nws cov duab yog tswb-puab, nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 15 cm nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 cm. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub hau yog silky rau qhov kov kom txog thaum siav tag nrho, tom qab ntawd nws hloov mus rau hauv cov slurry dub nrog spores protruding rau nws.
Dawb dung beetle yog cov nceb uas cev nqaij daim tawv yog mos thiab dawb, tsis muaj saj thiab tsw, thiab tsis tso kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias nws txhais ceg tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 35 cm. Cov seem ntawm cov nceb npog yog qhov nthuav: qhov no yog lub nplhaib dawb, membranous thiab muag heev.
Lwm lub npe: kab dung beetle, ink mushroom. Nws txawv ntawm nws cov txheeb ze dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim sab nrauv, nrog rauTsis muaj cov ntaub thaiv lacy: nws muaj lub kaus mom grey nrog lub ntsej muag xim av, mus txog 10 cm inch, ovoid thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob thiab tswb-puab hauv ib tus neeg laus. Lub kaus mom yog npog nrog cov nplai ntawm tib xim grey.
Grey dung beetle yog cov nceb nrog daim phiaj dav (hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas lawv yog xim dawb thiab dub hauv cov laus). Cov ceg ncav cuag 20 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 2 cm, nws yog dawb, du, qee zaum khoov nrog kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas nceb, koj tuaj yeem pom lub nplhaib me me centric dawb uas ploj mus nrog kev loj hlob. Grey dung beetle muaj nqaij dawb, qab ntxiag hauv saj. Ellipsoid spores, dub spore hmoov. Tus number case fungus hlob nyob rau hauv pawg ntawm humus-nplua nuj thiab noo av nyob rau hauv cov tiaj ua si, squares, compost thiab khib nyiab heaps los yog lub vaj, ntxiv rau, ntawm rotting ntoo nyob rau hauv clearings, hav zoov, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Pom tau, nws txawv ntawm nws cov txheeb ze grey thiab dawb: nws lub kaus mom ncav cuag 3 cm inch, thaum xub thawj nws muaj lub ntsej muag shaggy thiab ib lub cylindrical zoo li, tom qab ntawd nws dhau los ua lub tswb nrov, nrog ribbing lossis wrinkling” (kav los yog folds emanating los ntawm qhov chaw) npog nrog dawb flakes. Thaum siav, lub hau arches, tig dub, tom qab uas nws decomposes.
Cov kab dung kab yog cov nceb uas nws daim hlau yog dawb thaum xub thawj, ces tsaus rau dub. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias txhais ceg ncav cuag qhov ntev ntawm 10 cm nrog qhov dav txog li 0.5 cm. Nws yog du, hollow, nrog me ntsis thickening ntawm lub hauv paus.
Daim ntawv thov
Ntxhais nceb dung beetle, yees duab uasnthuav tawm hauv kab lus no, tuaj yeem noj tau thaum muaj hnub nyoog hluas. Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm cov tib neeg tsim nyog rau kev sau yog cov xim dawb-dawb ntawm lawv daim hlau. Yog tias lawv muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo me ntsis (buffy lossis pinkish) - cov nceb yog twb inedible.
Lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom sov li ntawm ib teev tom qab sau qoob loo, vim tias txawm txiav cov kab dung beetles txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem kev laus thiab tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej yaj, tig mus rau hauv cov tawv nqaij tsaus nti vim yog autolysis.
Ntxim qab kawg, kev ziab cov dung beetle zoo ib yam li kib: cov nceb muab tso rau hauv lub lauj kaub kib thiab kib kom qis kom txog thaum cov kua evaporated, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib ua noj.
Mushroom pulp yog tsim rau txhua txoj kev ua noj: kib, boiling, ziab los yog pickling. Lub pulp ntawm dung beetles, tshuav tom qab ziab, yuav tsum tau hauv av hauv kas fes grinder. Cov hmoov nplej tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv cov zaub mov, thaum cov tshuaj pom zoo yog 2 grams txhua 2 hnub. Nws tsis pom zoo kom sib tov coprinus nrog lwm cov nceb.
Dung beetle ntawm cawv
Koprinus yog ib qho tshuaj zoo thiab muaj zog heev rau kev haus cawv. Nws yog ib zaug siv los ntawm peb cov pog yawg. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, nws tau lees paub los ntawm cov tshuaj uas cov dung beetle nceb pab tshem tawm cawv. Niaj hnub no, nws tsim lub hauv paus ntawm qee qhov kev kho mob rau qhov kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj no.
Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj zoo li no, cov nceb hluas tau sau, uas tseem tsis tau tawg tag. Tom ntej no, lawv yuav tsum tau siav kom sai li sai tau, txij li cov nceb khaws cia tshiab muaj lawv tus kheej zoo li.lawv poob lawv lub ntsej muag sai heev, dhau los ua tus cwj mem-xim mess.
Yuav ua li cas?
Dung beetle for alcoholism yog npaj nyob rau hauv 2 txoj kev: rau kev siv tam sim thiab rau yav tom ntej siv.
thawj daim ntawv qhia
- Muab cov roj sunflower rau hauv lub cauldron los yog lub lauj kaub thiab ua kom kub tshaj qhov nruab nrab kub.
- Nqa cov dung beetle nceb, tshuaj xyuas uas tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus hauv qab no, txiav nws lub kaus mom, ncuav rau hauv lub lauj kaub, ntxiv me ntsis tws dos thiab ntsev.
- Simmer cov nceb kom qis qis, tsis tas yuav ntxiv dej, vim tias cov kab dung yuav tso nws cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Ua noj li 50 feeb. Cov nceb tuaj yeem noj lossis ntxiv rau cov kua zaub.
Koprinus muaj qhov muag heev thiab qab ntxiag saj thiab thaum siav nws yog me ntsis zoo li champignons. Cov neeg uas tsis npaj haus cawv tuaj yeem noj nceb yam tsis muaj kev ntshai thiab tsis muaj qhov txwv.
daim ntawv qhia thib ob
- Ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov nceb finely tws nyob rau hauv ib tug loj ntiav lauj kaub.
- Fry tshaj qhov kub kom txog thaum cov dej evaporates, stirring tas li.
- Kua qhov tiav lawm, ces grind rau hauv hmoov rau hauv kas fes grinder.
Cov hmoov no yog nchuav rau hauv cov dej haus lossis zaub mov ntawm tus neeg haus cawv.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas?
Nws txoj haujlwm yog vim muaj cov tshuaj lom hauv nws, uas ua rau oxidizes cawv uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj, dissolving nyob rau hauv cawv, nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, ces mus rau lub siab, yog li ntawdua rau muaj kev lom zem heev.
Mushroom tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog cawv yog tsis muaj teeb meem kiag li. Tab sis yog tias koj noj nceb thiab haus cawv tom qab ib ntus, qhov tshwm sim loj yuav tshwm sim:
- Lub cev npog nrog cov xim liab;
- lub ntsej muag liab heev (txawm tig liab);
- pob ntseg thiab taub ntswg tig daj;
- kub tshwm;
- pulse nrawm thiab lub plawv dhia pib;
- nqhis dej heev;
- pom qhov tsis pom kev;
- ntuav tshwm;
- kev hais lus phem.
Tau kawg, cov tsos mob no ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib qho tom qab ib ntus, tab sis yog tias koj rov kov lub khob, lawv yuav rov qab muaj zog dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg haus dej caw tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev haus cawv, thiab qhov no ua rau nws tsis haus dej mus ib txhis.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias dung beetle fungus los ntawm kev haus dej cawv siv tau rau ob peb hnub tom qab nws siv, yog li ntawd, cov cawv tsis zoo li cuam tshuam nrog nws tus mob tam sim no. Tab sis txhawm rau kom thaum kawg lull nws ceev faj, lawv tsuas yog siv cov nceb hauv hmoov, nchuav rau hauv zaub mov.
Kev kho mob
Cov dung beetle nceb, daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog siv los tiv thaiv kev qaug cawv raws li 2 lub tswv yim: tsis tu ncua (2 lub lis piam) thiab mus sij hawm ntev (3 lub hlis), yog tias qhov kev paub ntawm haus tau ntev heev. Feem ntau, kev kho mob yog ua tiav los ntawm tus neeg mob tsis pom zoo kom nws tsis txhob xav tias muaj qee yam tsis raug.
Cov nceb ntxiv rau cov zaub mov ntawm cawv txhua 2 hnub rau 2 g. Tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg haus dej yuav tsum tsis txhob haus.tsis kam haus cawv, es qhov opposite - muab ib khob rau nws yeem.
Thaum tsis muaj qhov xav tau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nce qhov koob tshuaj ntawm cov hmoov mus rau 5 g. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, tuag txaus ntshai los ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau vodka, cov cawv tsis kam haus nws kiag li.
Nrog rau chav kawm tag nrho, tus neeg yuav hnov cov tsos mob tsis zoo txhua zaus lawv sim cawv, txawm tias tsis siv cov nceb.
Dung beetle mushroom: tshuaj xyuas
Txhua tus neeg thib ob hauv peb lub tebchaws tau ntsib qhov tshwm sim zoo li kev haus cawv. Thiab kom ncaj ncees, tsis muaj coob tus neeg txaus siab rau nws. Yog li ntawd, tib neeg siv ntau txoj hauv kev los tshem tus neeg ntawm qhov kev quav tshuaj no. Niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas txog kev siv cov dung beetle los tiv thaiv kev haus dej cawv. Ntau tus neeg zoo siab hais tias tus neeg haus dej haus cawv tsis xav haus cawv, vim tias tam sim ntawd nws muaj qhov tsis txaus siab los ntawm qhov no. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias nceb nyuaj heev los npaj - lawv yuav tsum tau ua noj tam sim, txwv tsis pub lawv tsuas ploj mus.
