Cov pob liab liab ntawm lub cev yog qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm kev kho mob thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov pom. Xws li cov cim ntawm lub cev yog ib qho cim ntawm ntau yam kab mob, xws li ib txwm muaj thiab tsis muaj teeb meem diathesis lossis banal hlawv kom paub meej autoimmune pathologies lossis cov kab mob hauv lub cev.
Yog vim li cas
"Rov pob liab" yog ib lub tswv yim dav dav, vim nws tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ob peb lub ntsiab lus, thiab pob khaus npog tag nrho lub cev. Cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov tsos mob - lawv tuaj yeem hlawv, khaus, flake lossis hnov mob rau cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis lub cev stimuli, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim lawv tus kheej hauv txhua txoj kev. Cov pob liab liab thiab pob khaus ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim yog cov hauv qab no.
- Burns. Tshuaj lom neeg los yog thermal influences yog qhov tshwm sim liab liab heev. Qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim vim lub hnub, tiv tauj nrog qhov chaw kub, thiab siv cov tshuaj hnyav.
- Parasite. Pawg no suav nrog cov kab mob sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Cov yav tas feem ntau muaj xws li yoov tshaj cum, dev mub thiab bedbugs. Vim lawv lub zog, cov pob liab liab ntawm lub cev tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw tom. Cov kab mob sab hauv cuam tshuam lub plab zom mov, ua rau pob khaus.
- Viruses. Cov pob khaus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob provoked los ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis yog cellular - qhua pias, kab mob qhua pias, shingles los yog herpes, meningitis, rubella.
- Kev tsis haum. Cov pob liab liab ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg laus lossis menyuam yaus tshwm sim thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud nrog kev khaus lossis nws siv sab hauv.
- kab mob fungal.
- Bacteria. Cov kab mob microorganisms yog ib qho ua rau liab. Feem ntau, streptococci ua rau mob hauv zos, tau ua lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv nruab nrab txheej ntawm lub dermis thaum lub sij hawm da dej los yog thaum lwm yam kev sib cuag nrog qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus kab mob. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov pob khaus ntawm lub cev thiab cov pob liab liab tuaj yeem ua rau txhua tus cocci.
- Kab mob autoimmune. Qhov teeb meem feem ntau ntawm hom no yog lupus. Nws yog characterized los ntawm liab, npauj npaim-puab eruptions. Cov tsos mob zoo sib xws yog los ntawm lwm yam kab mob autoimmune, uas yog pemphigus, scleroderma lossis psoriasis.
- Kev ntxhov siab yog qhov ua rau muaj qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis kev ua xua, nrog rau kev tsim cov pob liab liab.
- Mechanical puas. Ib tug neeg tsis tas yuav pom kev ua txhaum ntawm stratum corneum ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tab sis qhov liab tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov raug mob.
Type of rashes
Txhais tau obLub cev pob khaus subtype:
- primary - tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij noj qab nyob zoo, tsis hloov pauv;
- secondary - yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv thawj zaug.
Tus qub yog suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab tseem ceeb dua. Hom pob khaus thiab cov pob liab liab ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom hauv qab no.
- Ib qho chaw yog reddened ib feem ntawm lub cev uas tsis muaj pob los yog protrusions. Tsim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov ntshav ntau dhau. Thaum koj nias rau ntawm qhov chaw zoo sib xws, qhov liab liab yuav tshwm sim, thiab tom qab ob peb feeb nws tshwm.
- Cov pob khaus yog cov pob liab liab ntawm lub cev uas zoo li pob, uas yog, lawv nce siab tshaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Feem ntau nws yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj los yog los ntawm kab tom. Tsis nyob hauv lub cev ntev thiab ploj tom qab ob peb teev.
- Nplajteb (vesicle). Lub caij tseem nce siab saum daim tawv nqaij, tab sis zoo li lub npuas sib npaug thiab muaj cov ntshav los yog cov kua dej ntshiab tag.
- Bulla (npuas). Qhov no neoplasm nce saum daim tawv nqaij thiab muaj cov kua daj daj los yog kua ntshiab. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg - los ntawm me me mus rau qhov loj ntawm xib teg ntawm koj txhais tes. Tsim vim kub hnyiab.
- Kab mob thiab yaig. Cov qub yog lub cev tsis xws luag uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam. Erosion yog tib yam flaws, tab sis nyob rau hauv no version, lub qab daus daim nyias nyias yog unaffected, suav hais tias yog ib tug thib ob lub caij.
- Pustules (pustules) yog cov pob liab liab ntawm lub cev ntawm cov kab mob sib kis thiab mob, lawv muaj qee qhov kab noj hniav uas muaj cov kua qaub nyob.
- Purple. Qhov noQhov teeb meem tuaj yeem hu ua pathology. Qee qhov chaw ntawm lub cev tig los ntshav vim cov qe ntshav liab tau tawm ntau dhau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
- Erythema - liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas yog nrog los ntawm qhov ntev thiab hais tawm qhov hnyav. Feem ntau, nws yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm lub cev rau kev ntxhov siab, kev npau taws thiab kev npau taws. Yog tias qhov liab tsis ploj mus ntev, peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov muaj tus kab mob pathology.
- Ib pob yog ib qho kev tsim loj uas tsim nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, yog li ua rau lub pob. Lawv tsis nrog khaus thiab tsis mob.
- Papules - tib lub pob, tsuas yog me dua. Tsim nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, zoo li lub voj voog. Yog koj nias ces cov ntshav yuav ploj mus.
- Macula - pob liab liab ntawm lub cev hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus, tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhia nyob rau hauv xim av, liab thiab yellowish hues. Muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tawv nqaij tsis pom tseeb.
- Crust. Ib qho zoo sib xws hauv nruab nrab tshwm sim thaum ziab ntawm cov hlwv, pustules thiab lwm yam tsim. Lawv yog purulent los yog serous.
- Hemorrhage. Nws tuaj yeem hu ua pathological hemorrhage. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tej thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij vim yog sab nraud influences los yog ntau yam pathologies ntawm lub cev.
- Roseola yog ib thaj xim liab, uas qhia tau tias nws cov cab kuj muaj tus kab mob.
Pab tau kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij
Cov pob liab liab ntawm lub cev, cov duab uas tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no, feem ntau provoked los ntawm ntau yamtawv nqaij mob. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim vim muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj. Raws li kev hloov pauv hormonal thiab caj ces ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hauv qab no yog cov kab mob uas muaj cov tsos mob tseem ceeb.
- pob txuv. Pob txuv yog ib yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Sau nrog purulent secretions ntawm pores thiab liab nodules yog suav hais tias yog ib yam. Nws feem ntau tshwm rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, tab sis tuaj yeem tsim ntawm caj npab, nraub qaum, hauv siab, thiab xub pwg.
- Psoriasis. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub hau yuav o thiab reddens, ces them nrog dawb teev. Feem ntau cov pob khaus no nrog khaus.
- kab mob eczema yog pob liab liab ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg laus uas khaus thaum daim tawv nqaij qhuav thiab scaly. Cov pob no tshwm sim tsis tu ncua lossis tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntev.
- Urticaria - feem ntau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm khaus khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tshaj tawm sai sai rau thaj chaw loj. Cov pob liab liab tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam kev cuam tshuam. Cov no suav nrog qee cov khoom siv tshuaj, nrog rau txias, siab, thiab kub.
- Pityriasis liab - cov pob liab zoo sib xws ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob liab liab feem ntau tshwm sim sai ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias, qee zaum nrog khaus. Lawv feem ntau tsim ntawm pob taws, dab teg thiab sab ceg, nrog rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom thiab caj dab.
- kab mob. Tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm scabies mites. Lawv gnaw qhov nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab ua rau liab o thiab khaus khaus khaus heev. Hmo ntuj khaus zuj zus.
- YajRosacea. Zoo li malaisecharacterized los ntawm cov pob liab liab thiab dilated veins ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag. Redness ntawm ob sab plhu, qhov ntswg thiab hauv pliaj tej zaum yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ib puag ncig los ntawm pob ntxau thiab pustules.
- daim tawv nqaij fungus. Nws zoo li me ntsis reddened, khaus tawv nqaij. Nyob ntawm seb hom kab mob pathogenic, lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv daim tawv nqaij.
Yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj
Raws ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob liab liab tsis yog ib txwm tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob, feem ntau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Allergens nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias los yog daim tawv nqaij. Feem ntau, tus mob no nrog hnoos, hnoos, qhov ntswg thiab khaus. Feem ntau lub cev reacts tsis tsim nyog rau cov khoom xws li paj ntoos, tej yam khoom noj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. Cov pob liab me me ntawm lub cev kuj tshwm sim thaum raug tshuaj lossis tshuaj.
kab mob sib kis
Ntau cov pob liab liab ntawm lub cev ntawm cov neeg laus, cov duab uas tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no, tsis yog tsuas yog nrog cov tawv nqaij mob, tab sis kuj muaj teeb meem sib kis. Cov kab mob no suav nrog:
- syphilis;
- shingles;
- kab mob siab;
- glandular fever;
- dengue fever;
- kab mob Lyme.
Cov pob liab liab tsis tas yuav tshwm sim nrog cov kab mob no, feem ntau lawv tshwm sim ntawm qee theem ntawm tus kab mob.
pob liab liab ntawm lub cev ntawm tus menyuam thiab tus menyuam
raucov menyuam yaus thiab cov me nyuam mos, qhov muaj pob liab liab tuaj yeem qhia tau ib yam ntawm cov kab mob me nyuam yaus.
- Peb hnub ua npaws feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog ib txog peb xyoos. Thaum pib, qhov kub siab tshwm sim, thiab tom qab ntawd cov pob liab liab liab tshwm. Cov pob me me feem ntau tshwm sim hauv caj dab thiab lub cev, tab sis tuaj yeem nthuav dav rau lub ntsej muag.
- kab mob qhua pias. Tus kab mob no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus uas mus kawm qib kindergarten. Kev kub ntxhov yog nrog los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov pob liab liab nrog npuas thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Tag nrho cov pob khaus khaus khaus heev, thiab yog tias koj cia tus menyuam khawb lawv, tom qab kho mob yuav muaj pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Measles pib muaj cov tsos mob xws li mob khaub thuas xws li hnoos, ua npaws thiab ua kua ntswg. Nyob rau theem tom ntej ntawm tus kab mob, cov pob liab tshwm sim, uas tom qab ib lub sij hawm sib koom ua ke rau hauv ib qho chaw. Tsis zoo li kab mob qhua pias, qhua pias tsis khaus. Cov pob liab liab ntawm tus me nyuam hauv lub cev yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, yog li tus menyuam yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob yam tsis tau ua, vim qhov mob no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
- Rubella. Tus kab mob pib nrog kev nce hauv cov qog ntshav thiab nce me ntsis hauv lub cev kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pob khaus tshwm hauv qab pob ntseg thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus thoob plaws lub cev thiab lub ntsej muag.
- Scarlet fever yog tshwm sim los ntawm kub taub hau hnyav, nrog rau qhov mob hauv caj pas nrog nyuaj nqos. Ntxiv rau qhov no, pom pob liab liab loj heev, thiab tus nplaig dhau los ua xim liab liab.
Qhov txawv ntawm
Muaj ntau ntau yam ua pob liab liab thiab pob liab liab ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg laus, tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb uas pab txiav txim qhov kev kuaj mob. Ib tug neeg feem ntau tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej, vim qhov no nws yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg raug tsim txom.
- yoov tshaj cum yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws kom paub. Kev tawm tsam loj ntawm cov kab no yog raws caij nyoog. Yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab kev sib cuag nrog cov cab no, ntawm thaj tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas tau muab cov ntshav, lub hau pib khaus khaus, thiab cov yam ntxwv o tshwm rau ntawm nws.
- tsev flea tom tsev kuj mob heev, tab sis qee cov neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsis hnov lawv pw tsaug zog. Zoo li yoov tshaj cum tom, xws li tom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj cov pob txha. Lawv tsis kav ntev heev tom qab raug tom. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj chaw cuam tshuam dhau los ua ib qho xim liab puag ncig. Fleas qee zaum tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv txawv txawv los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kab ntawm cov khaub ncaws, xws li lub kaus mom ntawm lub thom khwm.
- Thaum lub sijhawm kis mob ntawm lub cev nrog giardia, tapeworms thiab roundworms, ntau qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij pib tsim: los ntawm cov kab mob urticaria zoo ib yam mus rau purulent ulcers. Cov ua pob liab liab yog intoxication ntawm lub cev. Thaum kis tus kab mob tapeworms, scaly thaj ua rau thaj. Lwm cov kab mob ua rau ntau hom pob khaus uas yooj yim heev rau kev ua xua, psoriasis lossis furunculosis.
- Qhov kub, tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev raug mob yog qhov yooj yim los kuaj xyuasyog vim li cas rau tsim cov pob liab liab. Lawv qhov txawv feature yog qhov chaw, txij li thaum lawv tsuas yog tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lub stimulus. Kov kub, rub tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntxhib, lossis kev sib cuag me ntsis nrog cov tshuaj yuav pib tsis ua rau mob hnyav thiab pom tshwm sim. Lub teeb pom kev raug mob ntawm cov epidermis tsis muaj ntshav, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv kho, ib qho chaw pib tsim, uas ploj mus tom qab ib lub sij hawm, tawm hauv ib tug NW nyuam qhuav pom caws pliav.
- Ib khaus thiab pob liab liab ntawm lub cev daim ntaub qhwv pob - cov no yog cov kab mob uas tshwm sim vim kev sib txhuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij sib sib zog nqus. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus vim kev tu cev tsis zoo, kab mob xws li ntshav qab zib thiab rog dhau. Nrog rau tus qauv lub cev, cov pob khaus tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv qab ntawm caj npab yog tias muaj kev sib cuag nrog hws ntev. Lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv yooj yim los ntawm lawv cov duab tsis xwm yeem thiab qhov cuam tshuam cheeb tsam. Cov kab mob uas nyob rau theem me me, yuav luag tsis khaus thiab tsis mob. Thaum cov txheej txheem pathological kis mus, qhov chaw cuam tshuam tawg thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis hnov tsw, qhov txhab nrog crusts los ntawm cov kua dej oozes.
- Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ua xua yog ua ntej kev sib cuag nrog cov khaus - paj ntoos, plua plav, tshuaj, khoom noj thiab lwm yam. Xws li cov pob liab liab ntawm lub cev khaus thiab ua rau tsis xis nyob. Vim muaj kev ntxhov siab, kev tsis haum tshuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov khoom uas yav tas los muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg. Cov mob no yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub, vim tias tom qab nojantihistamines, tag nrho cov tsos mob ploj sai heev.
- Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias autoimmune, fungal, viral thiab kab mob tshwm sim yog qhov nyuaj los txheeb xyuas yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Cov pob liab liab tshwm sim los ntawm lichen tuaj yeem yooj yim tsis meej pem nrog lwm yam kab mob, thiab liab ntawm daim ntawv npauj npaim ntawm lub ntsej muag yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lupus, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj kev fab tshuaj. Hauv qhov no, kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog tom qab dhau qhov kev xeem ntxiv. Cov pob liab me me thiab loj ntawm ntau cov duab tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau qhov sib txawv kiag li. Piv txwv li, tom qab da dej. Kev nyob ntev ntawm qhov kub siab ua rau cov tawv nqaij capillary network, yog li tsim cov ntshav nrawm mus rau thaj chaw cuam tshuam. Thaum lub sijhawm lub cev nyob hauv qhov chaw txias dua, cov neeg hlau ntawm txhua lub tshuab tau rov qab los.
mus rau qhov twg pab
Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem sim txiav txim siab qhov ua rau pob khaus ntawm koj tus kheej, tab sis muaj qee qhov uas nws yooj yim heev los ua yuam kev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus nrhiav tswv yim los ntawm ib tug kws kho hniav los yog ib tug kws kho mob (tsev neeg kws kho mob, kws kho mob los yog kws kho mob).
Thaum muaj cov lus qhia txaus tias qhov no yog kev tsis haum tshuaj, ces nws yuav tsum tau mus ntsib tus kws kho qhov tsis haum-immunologist. Siv cov tshuaj antihistamines ntawm koj tus kheej, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov ploj ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis qhov no koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ua xua yuav tsis raug txheeb xyuas, txij li kev kho mob nyuaj yuav tsis ua. Yog li ntawd, yav tom ntej peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav loj duatshuaj tsis haum.
Diagnosis
Tsuas yog tom qab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus neeg mob thiab tshawb pom qhov ua rau tus kab mob tuaj yeem peb tham txog kev teem caij kho. Txhua yam kev kuaj mob pib nrog kev teem caij nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas yuav kuaj xyuas sab nraud thiab txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob. Tom qab ntawd, ua tsaug rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob, uas provoked tsim cov dots liab, yuav raug txheeb xyuas.
txoj kev kho
Txawm li cas los xij ua rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm pob khaus, ib qho kev kho mob tau sau tseg.
- Rau kev ua xua, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau tau sau tseg thiab txwv kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua xua. Yog tias qhov khaus rov qab rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov teeb meem yuav rov tshwm sim. Nrog khaus, "Suprastin" zoo kawg nkaus pab. Thiab los ntawm qhov tshwm sim loj, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm allergic eczema, ntau yam tshuaj hormonal pab. Lawv yog cov zoo rau cov pob khaus, liab, pob khaus thiab khaus.
- Thaum kis kab mob, kev siv kev sib xyaw ua ke pab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab mob tau sau tseg. Antitoxic serum thiab immunoglobulins yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, lub cev yuav yooj yim dua defeat toxins. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hau kev no, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov kom raug thiab noj zaub mov kom zoo, ua kom lub cev muaj cov vitamins thiab siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Thaum muaj kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov ntshav, cov lus qhia hauv qab no yuav tsum ua raws:
- tam sim ntawdmus ntsib kws kho mob;
- kho mob los ntshav raws sijhawm;
- Nyob zoo thiab noj cov vitamins;
- tsis txhob kov tshuaj;
- txo qis kev ntxhov siab.
Kev kho kab mob tsis sib kis yuav tsum tau:
- noj zaub mov kom nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob;
- siv cov tshuaj uas txo cov teeb meem;
- cov txheej txheem hauv tsev kho mob los pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem;
- tshem tawm cov kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, xws li cawv, luam yeeb thiab tshuaj, vim lawv ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kabmob, thiab thaum muaj tus kabmob uas twb muaj lawm, lawv tsuas ua rau tus mob hnyav zuj zus xwb.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
- Ua raws li kev cai huv si, hloov khaub ncaws raws sijhawm tom qab ua haujlwm nyuaj.
- Haus dej kom ntau kom cov tawv nqaij hydrated.
- Rau cov menyuam yaus hnav cov ntaub qhwv, nco ntsoov siv cov hmoov me me lossis cov tshuaj nplaum tshwj xeeb ua ntej muab tso rau. Koj yuav tsum tau hloov cov pawm kom ntau li ntau tau.
- Yog koj yuav mus ncig qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab tsuag, koj yuav tsum tau siv kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb lossis hnav khaub ncaws uas npog lub cev zoo.
