Thaum kuaj pom cov kab mob nyuaj uas cov tshuaj tua kab mob penicillin tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog, cov kws kho mob tau sau Azithromycin. Rau cov menyuam yaus (cov lus qhia rau kev siv qhia txog qhov no), cov tshuaj no muaj zog heev, qee zaum nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tag nrho, yog li nws yuav tsum tau noj tsawg kawg nkaus.
Form and composition
Kev npaj muaj cov tshuaj nquag ntawm azithromycin thiab cov khoom siv pabcuam, nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj tau muab cov ntawv ib txwm siv. Tsis tas li, ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj no, qhov nqus ntawm cov tshuaj zoo dua.
Vim qhov dav ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub no, ntau hom tshuaj tso tawm tau siv:
- Hard gelatin capsules nrog xiavxiav lub cev thiab lub kaus mom, sab hauv uas yog xim dawb los yog lub teeb daj hmoov (los yog compacted loj). Thaum nias, lawv disintegrate. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom xyaw nquag, cov tshuaj ntsiav muaj microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate thiab magnesium stearate.
- "Azithromycin" (125) cov lus qhia rau kev siv rau cov menyuam yaus piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov ntsiav tshuaj hauv lub hnab xiav zaj duab xis, puag ncig, biconvex. Ntawm ib sab lawv muaj cov engraving "PLIVA", nyob rau lwm yam - "125". Yog tias koj tawg nws, koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov ntsiav tshuaj dawb thaum so. Muaj cov khoom siv hauv qab no: anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate, hypromellose, pob kws starch, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium lauryl sulfate thiab magnesium stearate.
- Cov tshuaj "Azithromycin" rau cov menyuam yaus cov lus qhia rau kev siv pom zoo kom noj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ncua, yog li hauv khw muag tshuaj koj tuaj yeem yuav cov hmoov tshwj xeeb rau nws qhov kev npaj, uas muaj cherry lossis txiv tsawb tsw.
Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob nce ntxiv nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj nquag.
tshuaj yam ntxwv
"Azithromycin" yog hais txog cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav. Thaum tsim kom muaj siab ntau hauv kev ua kom pom kev mob, kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim.
Gram-positive cocci yog qhov nkag siab tshaj plaws rau kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj: Streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococci ntawm pawg CF thiab G, Staphylococcus aureus, St. Pyogenes, St. Viridans, St. Agalactiae; gram negativekab mob: Moraxella catarrhalis, H. Ducrei, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, B. Parapertussis, Gardnerella vaginalis thiab Campylobacter jejuni; Cov kab mob anaerobic: Chlamydia trachomatis, Bacteroides bivius, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Peptostreptococcus spp, Clostridium perfringens, Borrelia burgdoferi, Treponema pallidum thiab Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Cov kab mob Gram-zoo resistant rau erythromycin ua rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis ua haujlwm.
YPharmacokinetics
"Azithromycin" rau cov menyuam yaus (cov lus qhia rau kev siv qhia tias qhov no) yog nqus tau sai hauv cov hnyuv vim nws cov kua qaub thiab lipophilicity. Nws yog sai sai faib thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Yooj yim nkag mus tsis tau tsuas yog rau hauv lub ntsws, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab daim tawv nqaij, tab sis kuj mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub urogenital ib ntsuj av. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj khi ntawm azithromycin rau cov ntshav cov protein, lub peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb eukaryotic thiab concentration nyob rau hauv cov pH qis ib puag ncig lysosomes, ib nrab-lub neej thiab concentration hauv cov ntaub so ntswg nce.
Txhua qhov no txiav txim siab qhov ntim siab ntawm kev faib tawm (31.1 litres ib kilogram) thiab cov ntshav plasma loj. Rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev, lub peev xwm ntawm "Azithromycin" kom nkag ncaj qha rau hauv lysosomes tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb me me.
Ua tsaug rau phagocytes, cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob, qhov uas nws tso tawm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm phagocytosis. Tom qab12-72 teev tom qab noj cov tshuaj, qhov siab ntawm cov tshuaj tau mus txog hauv kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov mob, uas yog siab dua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus inhibitory concentration rau cov kab mob.
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, cov txheej txheem ib nrab ntawm lub neej yog ntev, yog li, piv txwv li, nws yuav siv sij hawm 60 mus rau 76 teev kom tshem tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov kab mob bactericidal concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tseem nyob ntawm qhov chaw mob rau 5-7 hnub tom qab koob tshuaj kawg, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv tshuaj tua kab mob ib hnub ib zaug, thaum lub sijhawm kho tsis pub dhau ib lub lis piam.
Azithromycin feem ntau tawm nrog cov kua tsib, thiab tsuas yog ib feem me me - nrog tso zis.
Indications rau nkag
"Azithromycin" cov lus qhia rau kev siv rau cov menyuam yaus pom zoo kom muab tshuaj rau cov kab mob sib kis thiab mob uas ua rau cov kab mob nkag mus rau azithromycin. Cov kab mob no muaj xws li: pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, nqaij mos thiab kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tonsillitis, otitis media, Lyme kab mob thiab urethritis. Yog tias xav tias mob ntsws, cov kws kho mob feem ntau sau tshuaj tua kab mob yam tsis tau ncua, txawm tias tsis tau txais kev kuaj x-ray. Kev kho tus kab mob no yuav tsum pib raws sijhawm, txwv tsis pub koj yuav ntsib qhov tshwm sim tu siab tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog xaiv los mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov tsos mob, cov kab mob iab liam thiab cov duab kho mob tag nrho. Thaum txiav txim siab cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog mob ntswsxav tias nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam hnub nyoog 1 mus rau 6 lub hlis, ces. Feem ntau yuav, tus kab mob ua rau Staphylococcus aureus, los ntawm ib mus rau rau xyoo - Streptococcus pneumoniae. Azithromycin zoo tua ob hom kab mob.
Yuav siv li cas
Cov kev kho mob yuav nyob ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis yuav tsum tau khaws tag nrho cov koob tshuaj. Tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj "Azithromycin" rau cov menyuam yaus. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov ntsiav tshuaj tso cai rau cov neeg laus tsuas yog coj nws, txij li lawv muaj los ntawm 250 mus rau 500 mg ntawm cov tshuaj nquag, thiab cov nyiaj no yog xam rau qhov loj loj. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov ntsiav tshuaj yuav tsum tau nqos tag nrho, lawv tsis pom zoo kom tawg lossis zom, yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev siv ib zaug (10 mg / kg). Nws yog vim li no tias Azithromycin tau muab tshuaj los ua tus kab mob tua kab mob hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas (125). Cov lus qhia rau kev siv rau cov menyuam yaus txwv tsis pub noj cov tshuaj uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos, lawv tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov kua dej lossis ncua kev kawm.
Rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa nyuaj, otitis, mob ntsws, ib koob tshuaj (10 mg / kg) tau sau tseg. Cov tshuaj "Azithromycin" (125) cov lus qhia rau kev siv rau cov menyuam yaus hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj pom zoo kom noj tsuas yog tom qab muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos. Kev kho cov menyuam mos tsuas yog siv qhov kev ncua.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias 5 grams ntawm Sumamed syrup (teaspoon) thiab lwm yam analogues ntawm cov tshuaj kuj muaj 125.mg ntawm active tshuaj. Raws li, tus qauv koob tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus yog 1-2 tablespoons, nyob ntawm qhov hnyav. Hauv plaub hnub tom ntej no, kev kho mob txuas ntxiv mus, tab sis cov koob tshuaj tau txo qis rau 5 mg / kg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob hnyav heev, koob tshuaj tuaj yeem raug muab faib ua ob npaug, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob tsuas yog tso cai raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Cov tshuaj "Azithromycin" (125) cov lus qhia rau kev siv rau cov menyuam yaus tso cai siv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib zaug lossis ob zaug ntawm ib koob ntawm 30 mg / kg lub cev qhov hnyav.
YContraindications
Cov tshuaj "Azithromycin" rau cov menyuam yaus cov lus qhia rau kev siv txwv tsis pub noj nrog qhov hnyav tsawg dua tsib kilograms. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hypersensitivity ntawm cov neeg mob mus rau lub Cheebtsam uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg los yog lwm yam rau macrolide tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tsis txhob siv thaum mob siab lossis raum tsis zoo.
Ntau dhau thiab phiv
Rau cov niam uas yuav siv tshuaj "Azithromycin" rau cov menyuam yaus, cov lus qhia rau kev siv (cov neeg mob tshuaj xyuas txog kev noj cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov khoom no) muab cov npe ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim. Los ntawm sab ntawm lub lymphatic system thiab hematopoiesis, kev loj hlob ntawm thrombocytopenia yog ua tau.
Cov neeg mob pom kev txhoj puab heev, ua siab loj, ntxhov siab thiab ntxhov siab. Los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub paj hlwb, kiv taub hau, convulsions, mob taub hau, tsaug zog thiab txawm fainting yog ua tau. Muaj tsawg zaus, noj cov tshuaj ua rau insomnia, asthenia,paresthesia, qhov kev xaav ntawm tsw thiab saj kuj cuam tshuam.
Ntau zaus, macrolides (ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj uas nws cov qauv tshuaj yog ua raws li macrocyclic 14- lossis 16-ntiv nplhaib lactone nrog txuas cov carbohydrate residues), uas Azithromycin belongs, ua rau tsis hnov lus. Tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tseem muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm dyspeptic xwm thiab kev tsis haum tshuaj tshwm sim.
"Azithromycin" cov lus qhia rau kev siv rau cov menyuam yaus tso cai siv, tab sis cov menyuam mos tsuas tuaj yeem noj cov tshuaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ncua. Rau cov menyuam yaus, daim ntawv tshuaj ntsiav ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob kuj tsim nyog. Ua ntej siv cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm tus kws kho mob thiab ua tib zoo nyeem cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv lub pob.
Kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau tuaj yeem qhia tau tias raws plab, tsis hnov lus ib ntus, xeev siab thiab ntuav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau tshaj cov tshuaj tau pom zoo, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd yaug lub plab, thiab ces mus rau cov tsos mob.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
Kev siv "Azithromycin" thaum cev xeeb tub yog qhov tsis xav tau, tab sis nws tso cai yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem pab tus poj niam yam tsis siv nws (cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm fetus tsis tau kawm 100%). Thaum lub sij hawm lactation, thaum siv tshuaj tua kab mob thaum lub sij hawm kho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los cuam tshuam kev pub niam mis.
Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv qhov analogue ntawm Azithromycin.
Kev haus dej cawv tsis cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj, tab sis nws txoj kev siv ua rau cov kab mob hnyav dua. Yog liKev haus dej cawv yog pom zoo kom txo qis mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, thiab nws tseem zoo dua kom tsis kam lees tag nrho rau lub sijhawm kho.
Kev Sib Tham Tshuaj
Thaum noj Azithromycin nrog cov tshuaj antacids uas muaj calcium, magnesium thiab txhuas, qhov nqus ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob qeeb, yog li 2-teev lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj no thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob macrolide yog qhov tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog isoenzymes ntawm cytochrome system. Yog li ntawd, thaum noj nrog Theophylline, Carbamazepine, Digoxin, Terfenadine thiab Triazolam, tsis muaj kev sib cuam tshuam.
Yog tias cov tshuaj siv nrog "Warfarin", nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj lub sijhawm prothrombin.
Lincosamides txo qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, thaum chloramphenicol thiab tetracycline nce nws.
Cov Cai thiab cov cai ntawm kev cia
Tshuaj tua kab mob tau pom zoo kom khaws cia kom deb ntawm cov menyuam yaus ntawm qhov kub txog li 25 degrees. Hnub tas sij hawm yog qhia los ntawm cov lus qhia rau kev siv muaj rau cov tshuaj "Azithromycin" (rau cov menyuam yaus). Cov tshuaj raug tshem tawm tuaj yeem khaws cia tsis pub dhau 5 hnub, cov hmoov nws tus kheej - 2 xyoos, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab tshuaj ntsiav - txog li 3 xyoos.
Analogues thiab tus neeg mob lub tswv yim
Cov neeg siv "Azithromycin" rau cov menyuam yaus (cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj ntsiav tsis pom zoo kom noj nws thaum yau), kev tshuaj xyuas feem ntau yog qhov zoo. Tom qabthawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhia pom kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv tus mob, kev vam meej yav tom ntej.
Analogues ntawm cov tshuaj muaj xws li "Azicin", "Zomax", "Sumamed", "Azitral", "Azax", "Zitrox" thiab lwm yam.
