Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Nws yog dab tsi? Indications, tshuaj xyuas

Cov txheej txheem:

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Nws yog dab tsi? Indications, tshuaj xyuas
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Nws yog dab tsi? Indications, tshuaj xyuas

Video: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Nws yog dab tsi? Indications, tshuaj xyuas

Video: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Nws yog dab tsi? Indications, tshuaj xyuas
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Lub Xya hli ntuj
Anonim

Tam sim no, cov kab mob ntawm cov txiav thiab daim siab tau kuaj pom ntau thiab ntau dua. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov txiv neej hnub nyoog 25 thiab 45 xyoo. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem nyuaj los ntawm kev nkag mus rau tus kws kho mob tsis tu ncua. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, tus kab mob no feem ntau tsis muaj cov tsos mob hnyav. Hauv qhov no, thaum qee cov cim tshwm sim, nws raug nquahu kom kuaj xyuas, uas suav nrog ntau txoj hauv kev. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Dab tsi yog nws thiab yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem no tau ua, peb yuav xav txog hauv kab lus.

Definition

txheej txheem
txheej txheem

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) - yog dab tsi? Cov txheej txheem no yog ib qho kev kuaj ua ke, suav nrog ob qho tib si endoscopic thiab x-ray kuaj ntawm pancreas thiabcov kua tsib. ERCP tam sim no suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kev kuaj mob kom raug. Kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv tsev kho mob, hauv chav X-ray tshwj xeeb.

Tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias txoj kev no, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, suav tias yog kev raug mob hnyav heev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Hauv qhov no, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography tsis ua rau lub hom phiaj prophylactic.

Qhia rau tus txheej txheem

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography nws ua tau li cas
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography nws ua tau li cas

ERCP yog qhov kev xav tau kev sim nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj teeb meem. Hauv qhov no, tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab los sau cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog hauv qee kis, piv txwv li, yog tias xav tias muaj kab mob hnyav uas cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua tsib thiab cov kab mob pancreatic.

Cov lus qhia rau endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography yog cov kab mob hauv qab no:

  • mob pancreatitis.
  • Mechanical jaundice. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ducts (cov qog, compression).
  • Kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov txheej txheem qog ntawm cov kua tsib thiab lub zais zis.
  • YPancreatic fistulas.
  • Ntxhais pob zeb hauv ducts.
  • Kev loj ntawm pancreas thiab heterogeneity ntawm nws cov qauv.
  • Tshuaj kab mob ntawm cov ducts.
  • Npau suav tias mob qog noj ntshav pancreatic.
  • Ntxhais fistulacov kua tsib. Lub fistula yog ib qho pathological qhib nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub cev, uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim vim raug mob los yog ib tug tsis kho inflammatory txheej txheem. Cov kua tsib nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj peev xwm tso tawm los ntawm fistula mus rau ib ncig ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob, ua rau muaj teeb meem txaus ntshai.

tshuaj kho mob

Qee zaum, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography kuj tseem siv tau rau kev kho mob:

  1. Yuav tshem pob zeb tawm ntawm txoj hlab pas.
  2. Rau cov kua tsib stenting.
  3. Rau qhov sphincterotomy (tsim qhov kev txiav me me hauv cov kab mob sib xyaw kom tso cov kua tsib thiab cia cov pob zeb me dhau mus).
  4. Rau papillosphincterotomy. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua tiav yog tias cov pob zeb hauv cov kab mob biliary loj txaus thiab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv los ntawm duodenal papilla. Thaum lub sij hawm cholangiopancreatography, ib qho kev phais yog ua nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub duodenal papilla, uas tso cai rau cov pob zeb tshem tawm yam tsis muaj teeb meem.

Contraindications rau cov txheej txheem

mob hauv pancreatitis
mob hauv pancreatitis

Vim ERCP yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai, muaj ntau qhov kev txwv rau cov txheej txheem no. Cov no suav nrog cov xeev hauv qab no:

  • mob pancreatitis;
  • mob siab kab mob siab;
  • xeeb tub;
  • mob cholagnitis;
  • stenosis ntawm duodenum thiab esophagus;
  • Kev kho cov tshuaj insulin
  • pancreas neoplasmscaj pas;
  • stenosing duodenal papillitis;
  • noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv;
  • ua xua rau radiopaque.

kev xeem ua ntej

ultrasound ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav
ultrasound ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav

Vim qhov tseeb tias endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam thiab kev lav phib xaub, kev npaj ua tib zoo yog tsim nyog kom txo qis cov teeb meem thiab tsis xis nyob. Nws tau ua hauv tsev kho mob thiab suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  1. Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov zis thiab ntshav.
  2. Biochemical ntshav kuaj.
  3. YFluorography.
  4. kuaj ultrasound ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav.
  5. Electrocardiogram.
  6. Qee zaum yuav tsum tau MRI.

Npaj ua haujlwm

Tus neeg mob yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:

  • Tsis txhob noj lossis haus dej rau hnub uas xeem. Noj mov kawg yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 19 teev ntawm hnub dhau los.
  • Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb thaum nruab hnub ua ntej qhov txheej txheem, raws li thaum haus luam yeeb ntau cov kua qaub tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj hlab pa, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov ua rau mob plab.
  • Tsis txhob haus cawv 4-5 hnub ua ntej kuaj.
  • Hmo hmo ua ntej ERCP, yuav tsum muab tshuaj ntxuav kom huv.
  • Tus neeg mob yuav tsum ceeb toom rau tus kws kho mob txog kev siv tshuaj, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ib ntus lossis hloov pauv ntau npaum li cas.

Cov tshuaj uas siv thaum lub sijhawmKev npaj rau endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, cov no yog cov tshuaj los ntawm cov npe hauv qab no:

  • "Atropine";
  • "Dimedrol";
  • "Metacin";
  • "Promedol";
  • "No-Shpa";
  • "Buscopan";
  • tshuaj sedative uas pom zoo kom noj ob peb hnub ua ntej kev kuaj mob (piv txwv li, Novo-Passit).

Cov nyiaj saum toj no yog siv tshuaj intramuscularly. Lawv pab txo qis salivation, txo qhov contractility ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab mob.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua yam tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv tom qab kws kho mob sau ntawv. Kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej tuaj yeem ua rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav dua.

txheej txheem txheej txheem

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ntawm cov hlab ntsha
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ntawm cov hlab ntsha

Ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ua tiav. Xav txog txoj kev tshawb fawb kom ntxaws ntxiv:

  1. Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev npaj ua tiav, tus neeg mob muab tso rau sab laug.
  2. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj loog hauv zos yog siv nrog "Lidocaine" - lawv tau lubricated nrog lub caj pas kom txo tau qhov mob thiab tsis xis nyob thaum lub sij hawm taw qhia ntawm endoscope. Ntau tus neeg xav tias endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography yog ib txoj kev uas tau ua raws li kev siv tshuaj loog, tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Cov tshuaj loog sib sib zog nqus tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas heevmob siab thiab nyuaj manipulations.
  3. ib lub qhov ncauj tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj.
  4. Tus neeg mob tau hais kom ua pa tob thiab tso qhov endoscope los ntawm lub qhov ncauj ua rau lub plab thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau duodenum. Ua ntej lub cuab yeej, tus kws tshaj lij tshuaj xyuas cov mucosa.
  5. Thaum mus txog lub duodenum, tus kws kho mob tso cua rau hauv nws cov kab noj hniav, uas ua rau cov phab ntsa ntawm lub cev rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv.
  6. Nrhiav duodenal papilla, tus kws kho mob ntxig ib lub catheter tshwj xeeb rau hauv nws, los ntawm qhov sib txawv tus neeg sawv cev yog txhaj rau hauv lub txiav thiab biliary ib ntsuj av.
  7. Tom qab tag nrho cov ducts tau ntim nrog cov khoom, x-rays raug coj mus rau hauv lub monitor, thiab qee zaum luam tawm.
  8. Yog tias nws tsim nyog los ua cov kev kho mob los txiav txim cov qog, ib qho cuab yeej raug tso rau ntawm qhov endoscope coj cov khoom siv rau kev kuaj ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, nws tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem los tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm duodenal papilla.
  9. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas cov phab ntsa ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog kev ua haujlwm los ntshav.
  10. Kev tiv thaiv kev mob tshwm sim tau ua tiav.
  11. Tom qab tag nrho cov kev tswj hwm, qhov endoscope raug tshem tawm, thiab tus neeg mob raug xa mus rau pawg ntseeg, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb saib rau qee lub sijhawm.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography yog txheej txheem uas siv sijhawm li ib teev ntawm qhov nruab nrab.

Cov lus pom zoo tom qab ua haujlwm

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tom qab kev kuaj mob, raws li cov neeg mob, qhov mob hauv caj pas tau pom ntau hnub. Pablollipops rau mob caj pas yuav tshem tau lawv.

Qee lub sijhawm tom qab qhov txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj haus 5, uas tsis suav nrog cov khoom noj kib, qab ntsev, haus luam yeeb. Kev siv cawv yog txwv tsis pub. Cov zaub mov yuav tsum yog mos thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug xis kub. Lub sijhawm noj zaub mov yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob.

Muaj Teeb Meem

xav tsis zoo
xav tsis zoo

Qee zaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim thaum lossis tom qab kuaj. Qhov no yog vim hais tias endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam. Qhov tshwm sim txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog:

  • YPancreatitis. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem feem ntau, uas yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce hauv qhov mob hauv plab thiab nce qib ntawm amylase hauv cov ntshav. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum tau nyob hauv tsev kho mob ob peb hnub kom txog thaum tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim.
  • Kev puas tsuaj rau cov phab ntsa ntawm lub biliary ib ntsuj av los yog txoj hnyuv. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov tsis saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm lossis yog tias phab ntsa puas los ntawm lub pob zeb uas tus kws kho mob sim tshem tawm. Nrog rau qhov tsis xws luag hnyav, cov kua tsib tuaj yeem sau rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig, uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj dua. Hauv qhov no, suturing ntawm thaj chaw puas yog yuav tsum tau.
  • Cov tshuaj tsis haum rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lossis tshuaj loog. Tus neeg mob hnov mob taub hau, tsis muaj cua, kiv taub hau, o ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias thiab lwm yam.
  • YCholangitis. Inflammatory lesion ntawm cov kua tsib ducts. Tej zaum yuav tshwm sim vim kev puas tsuaj rau lub mucosa thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem, nrog rau thaum lub sij hawmkis mob thaum kuaj.
  • Purulent complications.
  • Bleeding.

Ntxiv rau cov teeb meem saum toj no, lwm yam tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - hnov cov pob hauv caj pas, hnyav hauv plab, flatulence, khawb hauv pharynx, conjunctivitis thiab lwm yam.

Yog tias koj muaj kub taub hau, ntuav ntshav, mob paroxysmal hauv plab, nrog rau caj pas los ntshav, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim. Kev ncua hauv qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg poob lawv txoj sia.

Cov lus pov thawj tus neeg mob

kev txheeb xyuas cov lus qhia rau cov txheej txheem
kev txheeb xyuas cov lus qhia rau cov txheej txheem

Cov neeg mob txaus siab rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography thaum lawv teem sijhawm kuaj. Nws yog dab tsi thiab qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum tau ua, txhua tus neeg mob yuav tsum paub. Ntau tus, tau kawm txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem, ntshai thiab sim tsis kam lees qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no. Tab sis ERCP yog ib qho kev kawm tseem ceeb hauv qee yam kab mob, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.

Cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg mob tom qab cov txheej txheem yog qhov tsis sib xws, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) paub meej tias nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab.

Zoo kawg

ERCP yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau ua raws li tag nrho cov kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo kom txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lawv tshwm sim. Raws li kev npaj kev ntsuas, cov txheej txheem yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sijkev tshwm sim.

Pom zoo: