Xav txog cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob tracheitis hauv menyuam yaus. Qhov no pathology yog dab tsi, nws kho li cas?
Cov menyuam yaus tracheitis yog kab mob ua pa uas ua rau muaj mob thiab kis kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm ntau lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam, tracheitis kis nrog bouts ntawm qhuav hnoos, ua npaws, mob tom qab lub sternum. Nws qhov kev kuaj mob yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim duab kho mob, laryngoscopy, auscultation thiab tracheobronchoscopy. Kev kho mob ntawm tracheitis hauv menyuam yaus suav nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob lossis tshuaj etiotropic, expectorants; physiotherapy (UHF, inhalations, inductothermy, electrophoresis), rub lub hauv siab, mustard plasters.
Vim li cas tracheitis tshwm sim hauv menyuam yaus?
Nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam, mob tracheitis feem ntau muaj tus kab mob hauv keeb kwm: nws feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm parainfluenza, mob npaws, ua pa.syncytial virus, adenoviruses, thiab lwm yam.
Cov menyuam yaus cov kab mob tracheitis feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab raug mob rau hauv lub ntsws lossis kab mob kis los ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws, kev tso dej tsis ntev los no, thiab lwm yam ua rau. Ntawm cov kab mob, lub luag haujlwm etiological ntawm staphylo-, pneumo- thiab streptococcus, moraxella, kab mob hemophilic, thiab lwm yam tau txiav txim siab.
Chlamydial thiab mycoplasmal lesions ntawm txoj hlab ntsws feem ntau pom, sib xyaw kab mob - kab mob-viral, viral-mycoplasmal thiab lwm yam.
Fungal tracheitis lossis tracheomycosis tshwm sim los ntawm actinomycosis, aspergillosis, candidiasis yog tsawg heev rau cov menyuam yaus.
Hauv tus menyuam yaus, tracheitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj cov kab mob sib kis uas tshwm sim nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob ua pa sab saud (ua npaws, mob qhua pias, kab mob diphtheria, hnoos hawb pob, thiab lwm yam), uas yog, nws tuaj yeem ua rau theem nrab. Allergic tracheitis tshwm sim nrog nce rhiab heev ntawm tus menyuam lub cev mus rau fungal, tshuaj thiab zaub mov ua xua, nrog rau cov plua plav hauv tsev.
Tracheitis hauv cov menyuam yaus loj zuj zus vim qhov nqus tau txias, plua plav lossis huab cua qhuav, haus luam yeeb thiab ua tsis taus pa, hypothermia, qhov ntswg ua tsis taus pa (nrog adenoids, deviated nasal septum, hypertrophic rhinitis, thiab lwm yam), kab mob ntev (nrog ntau yam caries., sinusitis, tonsillitis).
Kev mob ntev lossis ntev ntawm tracheitis feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob rickets, hypovitaminosis, noj tsis txaus, diathesis, tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev kho mob tracheitis hauv tus menyuam yuav tau tham hauv qab no.
Ntau yam ntawm cov menyuam yaus tracheitis
Raws li qhov peculiarities ntawm chav kho mob, mob tracheitis mob thiab mob ntev yog qhov txawv. Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm tus me nyuam, tracheitis tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si thawj (uas yog, ib qho kev ywj pheej pathology) thiab theem nrab (uas yog, tus kab mob tseem ceeb tshwm sim nws tus kheej). Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov teeb meem ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev ua pa, cov menyuam yaus tracheitis tuaj yeem ua rau tracheobronchitis, laryngotracheitis, rhinopharyngotracheitis.
Raws li kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov kab mob pathomorphological uas tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob ntev, daim ntawv hypotrophic yog qhov txawv, thaum cov hlab ntsha nthuav dav thiab cov mucous swells, daim ntawv atrophic (cov mucous nyias nyias). Nyob ntawm qhov ua rau ntawm qhov tsos, muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj thiab kis kab mob (fungal, kab mob, kab mob, sib xyaw) tracheitis hauv menyuam yaus.
Cov cim qhia ntawm menyuam yaus tracheitis
Cov menyuam yaus tracheitis feem ntau pib zoo li tus kab mob kis tau yooj yim: muaj mob thiab mob caj pas, ua kua ntswg, tsis muaj zog, hnoos, ua npaws thiab mob taub hau. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tracheitis nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam yog ib qho mob, qhuav thiab paroxysmal hnoos, feem ntau tshwm thaum hmo ntuj los yog yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab sawv.
Ua rau hnoos paroxysmal tuaj yeem quaj, ua pa tob, hloov pauv kub (piv txwv li, thaum tawm hauv chav sab nraud). Kev hnoos yuav kav ntev li ob peb feeb mus rau ob peb teev, feem ntaunrog ntuav.
Thaum lub sij hawm thiab tom qab hnoos tawm, muaj qhov nqaij nyoos, mob npub thiab kub hnyiab ntawm lub xub pwg hniav thiab tom qab sternum. Cov menyuam yaus ntshai ua rau lwm qhov kev tawm tsam thiab yog li txwv qhov tob ntawm lawv ua tsis taus pa, nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog rau qhov uas lawv ua tsis taus pa yuav superficial thiab sai. Nrog hnoos nres, intercostal retractions tshwm sim, uas yog, cov leeg txav. Kev kho mob ntawm tracheitis hauv menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 xyoos yuav tsum tau raws sijhawm. Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb?
Nyob rau theem ntawm catarrhal qhuav tracheitis, hnoos qeev yog hnoos nrog nyuaj, feem ntau nws zoo li mucous viscous lumps. Tom qab ob peb hnub, qhov zais cia no dhau los ua purulent-mucous thiab sib cais ntau dua, thiab yog li hnoos tsis ua rau tus neeg mob mob ntxiv lawm.
Cov tsos mob ntawm subglottic tracheitis zoo ib yam li cov chaw kho mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub laryngitis. Daim ntawv no ntawm pathology yog nrog "barking" obsessive hnoos, mob caj pas, lub suab ntxhi, thaum cov txheej txheem inflammatory kis mus rau lub larynx, nws tuaj yeem nyuaj los ntawm stenosing laryngotracheitis (false croup).
Chronic form
Mob tracheitis cuam tshuam tus menyuam hnoos tas li thaum nruab hnub thiab kev hnoos hnoos thaum hmo ntuj, lub suab tsis zoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm dysphonia, kev qaug zog, kev mob subfebrile.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai yog qhov ntws ntawm tracheitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv underdevelopment ntawm hnoos reflex, tus me nyuam tsis muaj peev xwm hnoos li hnoos qeev. Tracheitis nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav nyuaj los ntawm bronchopneumonia, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis thiab ua pa tsis ua hauj lwm, txawm mus rau asphyxia.
Cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm tracheitis hauv tus menyuam feem ntau cuam tshuam. Komarovsky, tus kws kho menyuam yaus paub zoo, lees paub qhov no.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm menyuam yaus tracheitis
Cov Menyuam tracheitis raug kuaj los ntawm auscultatory, kho mob, kuaj thiab endoscopic tsis. Ntxiv nrog rau tus kws kho menyuam yaus, tus neeg mob uas xav tias muaj mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob pulmonologist, tus kws kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob, tus tsis haum tshuaj, thiab kws kho mob otolaryngologist.
Feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kab mob tracheitis, hnov xws li qhuav qhuav, nrog rau ua pa nyuaj. Los ntawm endoscopy (tracheobronchoscopy, laryngoscopy) nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas mob tracheitis, ib tug kaj liab tracheal mucosa nrog edema tshwm sim, feem ntau pom cov ntshav outpourings thiab ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm viscous secretion. Rau cov kab mob kab mob, kev sau cov hnoos qeev yog qhov nyuaj, yog li ntawd, rau kev kho mob thiab kuaj mob lub hom phiaj, tracheal aspiration yog ua nrog kev tshawb fawb PCR ntxiv, bacteriological, virological tsom xam ntawm qhov zais cia.
X-ray ntawm tus menyuam lub hauv siab yog ua kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem xws li mob ntsws thiab mob ntsws. Pathology ntawm nasopharynx txuam nrog tracheitis yog txiav txim los ntawm pharyngoscopy, rhinoscopy, sowing los ntawm caj pas, radiography ntawm lub paranasal sinuses, thiab kev tsis haum tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.
Kev kho mob tracheitis hauv menyuam yaus
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob tracheitis yog ntxuav txhua txhua hnub, tswj cov huab cua tsim nyog, tsis suav nrog tus menyuam los ntawm kev sib chwv nrog qhov chaw khaus (flavors, pa luam yeeb, thiab lwm yam),lub suab load txwv.
Etiotropic kev kho mob ntawm tus mob tracheitis hauv cov menyuam yaus, yog tias tsim nyog, yog ua nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ("Alpha Interferon", "Interferon") thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ("Desloratadine", "Cetirizine", "Mebhydrolin", thiab lwm yam.). Yog tias cov kab mob keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob tau lees paub, ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (macrolides, penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones), nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv zos hauv daim ntawv tshuaj tsuag.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob hnoos qhuav, siv tshuaj tua kab mob; yog li ntawd cov hnoos qeev tawm zoo dua - expectorant thiab mucolytic tshuaj. Ultrasonic inhalation thiab kho nebulizer yog siv los xa cov tshuaj ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub ntsws.
Kev kho mob hnoos nrog tracheitis hauv cov menyuam yaus suav nrog kev ua kom sov, so ko taw, rub lub hauv siab, mustard plasters. Ntawm cov txheej txheem physiotherapeutic siv rau cov menyuam yaus tracheitis, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog inductothermia, zaws rau pathologies ntawm lub ntsws, electrophoresis, UHF.
Nyob rau theem ntawm convalescence, txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv lub cev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum npaj kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv txhua hnub, noj zaub mov kom zoo, noj cov vitamins thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab ua kom lub cev muaj zog.
Raws li Komarovsky, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm tracheitis nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam muaj feem xyuam nrog.
Physiotherapy at home
Hauv tracheitis, tsis zoo li ntau yam pathologies ntawm kev ua pa, nws tseem ceeb heevmuaj peev xwm ua kom cov av noo ntawm lub caj pas ua pa. Tej zaum qhov no tsuas yog los ntawm kev nqus pa xwb.
Tam sim no, lub tshuab nqus tsev tau siv los kho tracheitis hauv menyuam yaus. Cov kua hauv qab no tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsiav:
- saline tov (ib teaspoon ntsev ib khob dej);
- alkaline ntxhia dej;
- dej tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv;
- infusion lossis decoction ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab, siv tshwj xeeb rau chav thiab nqus pa sov;
- drug solutions.
Kev kho mob tracheitis hauv cov menyuam yaus nrog cov tshuaj pej xeem tau zoo heev.
Kev kho mob hauv zos uas qhia tau zoo:
- cua sov hauv qis qis (badger rog kom lubricate ko taw, cov thom khwm wool);
- compresses ntawm caj dab thiab sab hauv siab;
- tshuaj pleev rau ntawm sternum.
Kev kho mob tracheitis hauv cov menyuam yaus hauv tsev yog qhov yooj yim heev, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum ua raws li tus kws kho mob saib xyuas xwb.
Badger rog, cov tshuaj pleev kom sov ua rau lub zos nthuav dav ntawm lumen ntawm txoj hlab pa thiab cov hlab ntsha. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev sib pauv ntawm cov dej noo thiab huab cua, nce peristalsis ntawm cilia ntawm lub tracheal mucosa, thiab yog li ntawd, tshem tawm ntau yam kab mob mus rau sab nraud.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj homeopathic thiab pej xeem tshuaj, zoo li lwm yam kab mob, tsuas yog siv yog tias tsis muaj kev fab tshuaj thiab muaj kev tso cai los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Thaum kho tus mob tracheitis hauv cov menyuam yaus nrog cov tshuaj pej xeem, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tus neeg mob haus dej txausntim. Qhov no pab tiv thaiv lub cev qhuav dej, uas yog ua tau nrog ntau cov hnoos qeev tawm thiab kub siab. Cov kua dej, uas tau tawm nrog hws thiab lub raum, tshem tawm ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev cov tshuaj lom uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev thaum muaj mob.
Kev kho mob tracheitis hauv menyuam yaus
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, koj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam los ntawm ENT thiab tus kws ua xua. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov provoking yam. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj antihistamines raug sau tseg, yog tias pom cov kab mob, ces tshuaj tua kab mob. Antitussives kuj tau sau tseg. Lawv yuav pab tshem phlegm.
Peculiarities of infant therapy
Kev kho mob tracheitis hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos cuam tshuam li cas? Qhov no pathology feem ntau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 1-2 xyoos tsis tshua muaj mob. Lawv muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv txhua qhov ua pa. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam mob, nws yuav tsum tau hu mus rau ib tug kws kho mob sai, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub mob ntawm tus kab mob no kub yog ib txwm siab heev.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tracheitis hauv cov menyuam mos - paroxysmal hnoos thaum hmo ntuj, uas nrog ua pa tuav, hnoos ntev ntev nrog rau ntuav.
Yog hais tias tus kab mob tsis yog kab mob, ces tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob. Ntau yam hnoos syrups, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Tracheitis prognosis thiab tiv thaiv
Yog tias tus menyuam muaj mob tracheitis, ces qhov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog qhov zoo: nrog kev kho raws sijhawm thiab tsim nyog, rov zootshwm sim nyob rau hauv kaum mus rau kaum plaub hnub. Yog tias hnoos ntev ntev, yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob thib ob nrog tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus lossis tus kws kho mob ENT, yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv.
Yog tias ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tsis raug lossis siv tshuaj rau tus kheej, nws muaj peev xwm rov qab los thiab tus kab mob tuaj yeem mus rau theem ntev. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tracheal mucosa yuav ib txwm yog ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb los yog me me tsis kaj siab tshwm sim:
- yuav mob caj pas;
- exacerbations ib ntus tshwm sim, muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem inflammatory ntawm tsob ntoo bronchotracheal;
- mob xws li mob ntsws thiab mob ntsws.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kab mob thiab hloov pauv mus rau theem ntev kom ntxiv dag zog rau tus menyuam lub cev tag nrho. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua cov txheej txheem tawv tawv thaum yug los:
- tus menyuam yuav tsum nyob hauv ib chav uas muaj av txaus, txias, huab cua ntshiab;
- kev ua lub cev yuav tsum muaj zog thiab nyiam sab nraum zoov;
- koj yuav tsum tau taug kev txhua hnub (zoo dua ob zaug hauv ib hnub) thaum huab cua;
- khoom noj kom zoo nrog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ntawm cov rog, carbohydrates thiab cov protein, kab kawm thiab cov vitamins;
- hnub niaj hnub yuav tsum tau ua kom yooj yim, ua haujlwm dhau los thiab ua haujlwm dhau yuav tsum tsis suav nrog.
txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov kab mob ua pa hauv kev kho mob laryngitis thiab tracheitis hauv cov menyuam yaus, koj yuav tsum mus rau hiav txwv thaum lub caij ntuj sov, noj tshuaj tonic rau kev tiv thaiv (piv txwv li, badgerrog) nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no.
Tracheitis tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim raws li tus kab mob sib cais. Feem ntau, nws dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob xws li laryngitis (laryngotracheitis tshwm) lossis ua rau mob hnyav los ntawm tracheobronchitis.
Yog tus mob tracheitis hauv cov menyuam yaus tsis kho raws sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj.
Kev nyuaj siab
Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev kho mob txaus kom rov zoo. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, tracheitis tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau theem ntev lossis ua rau muaj teeb meem loj xws li:
- pneumonia;
- retropharyngeal abscess;
- bronchiolitis;
- sepsis;
- bronchitis;
- mob khaub thuas mob caj pas.
Peb tau saib cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob tracheitis hauv menyuam yaus.
