Mob ntsws yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai uas muaj ntau yam tsos mob, thiab nws cov tsos mob tuaj yeem ua rau nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm qhov mob khaub thuas. Pneumonia tuaj yeem loj hlob sai heev, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai tsis yog rau kev noj qab haus huv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau tib neeg lub neej.
Ntau zaus, qhov mob ua rau tuag taus, txawm tias nws tau ua tiav kev kho mob hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau kuaj xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas tus kab mob kom raws sij hawm kom tau txais kev kho mob txaus.
Ntxhais kab mob
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab meej tias qhov mob ntawm lub ntsws yog dab tsi thiab nws tshwm sim nws tus kheej li cas. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem mob uas tshwm sim ncaj qha rau hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav, uas feem ntau yog kab mob hauv qhov xwm txheej.
Nws yog lub ntsws uas ua rau tib neeg lub cev muaj oxygen. Thaum mob tshwm sim, cov kab mob ua pa nyuaj heev.
Kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob ntsws rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus muaj ntau heev, vim nyob rau hauv pawg neeg no lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau.tiv thaiv kab mob invading. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog heev, yog li cov kab mob tsis raug puas tsuaj tag nrho thiab ua mob rau lub cev.
Kev faib tawm
Hauv tshuaj, muaj ntau ntau hom mob ntsws, tshwj xeeb, xws li:
- typical;
- atypical;
- aspiration character;
- ua rau cov kab mob.
Aspiration o tshwm sim thaum cov khoom txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws. Feem ntau tshwm sim nrog kev qaug cawv qaug cawv lossis qaug cawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj mob ntsws nosocomial, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim:
- nyob tus neeg mob hauv tsev kho mob ntau dua 2 hnub;
- Immune system disorders;
- nyob rau hauv qhov cua tshuab.
hom mob ntsws loj tshaj plaws yog croup. Nws tuaj yeem mloog tau nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub plawv dhia nce siab, thiab lub siab kuj txo.
Muaj focal o ntawm lub ntsws, nyob rau hauv uas muaj tshee ntawm lub suab thiab hawb pob, ua tsis taus pa yuav hnyav dua. Interstitial pneumonia yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm thickening ntawm lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg nrog indistinct loj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ob sab o yog feem ntau kuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob no tau muab faib raws li qhov hnyav ntawm chav kawm thiab tej zaum yuav muaj:
- easy;
- nruab nrab hnyav;
- nyuaj.
Leak hnyavKev mob ntsws tsuas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog. Nyob ntawm qhov no, cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob ntsws tau raug txiav txim siab, raws li qhov kev kuaj mob zaum kawg tau tsim thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog rau ib kis tshwj xeeb raug xaiv.
Kev tshwm sim
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob ntsws yog cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws los ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab cov kab mob, uas feem ntau pom tau los ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog. Cov kab mob pathogenic nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws tsis yog los ntawm kev nqus pa xwb, tab sis kev kis kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum tuav cov khoom siv kho mob tsis muaj menyuam.
Qhov ua rau mob tuaj yeem muab zais rau hauv cov kab mob qog ntshav lossis ntshav, piv txwv li, nrog kev mob sepsis lossis kev quav yeeb tshuaj. Nrog rau cov kab mob ntawm qee yam kab mob, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm o nce ntau zaus. Cov kab mob no suav nrog:
- siab tsis zoo;
- hypovitaminosis thiab malnutrition;
- cystic fibrosis;
- lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm;
- immunodeficiency;
- kab mob endocrine.
tus cwj pwm tsis zoo ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tso cai rau tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab ua rau ntau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob ntsws ntsws feem ntau yog nyob ntawm txoj kev ua neej. Feem ntau, qhov qis ntawm lub ntsws raug cuam tshuam, uas, nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, xyaum tsis koom nrog hauv kev ua pa.
Kev ua neej nyob tsis muaj zog thiab lub cev tsis ua haujlwm tsis tso cai rau lub ntsws ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, vim tias cov hnoos qeev nkag, ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntxiv.kab mob.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb
Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas kom raug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias cov tsos mob dab tsi tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mob ntsws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm mob ntsws, cov tsos mob feem ntau yog nyob ntawm seb lub hauv paus ua rau pathology thiab tus nqi ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg. Txawm li cas los xij, rau txhua hom mob ntsws, cov tsos mob tuaj yeem yog qhov dav, uas yog, lawv tshwm sim hauv txhua tus neeg mob.
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov cim qhia muaj xws li kev qaug dab peg, uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ua npaws, ua daus no thiab malaise. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm mob ntsws yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hnoos qeev, hnoos, ua tsis taus pa.
Ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm mob ntsws, ib tus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv xws li:
- hnoos tas li;
- poob qab los;
- temperature;
- faus;
- -blanching ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- qaug zog.
Cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws tshwm sim heev thiab muaj qhov ua npaws siab txog 40 degrees, mob hauv siab. Ib qho hnoos qhuav tshwm ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd nws dhau los ua me ntsis ntub, nrog cov hnoos qeev. Tus kab mob no txaus ntshai heev vim nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj tau raws sijhawm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab muaj teeb meem.
Cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws feem ntau zoo ib yam li cov mob khaub thuas lossis mob khaub thuas. Tib lub sijhawm, ntau tus neeg mob yuav tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob ntsws hauv zos.
Thaum croupous pneumonia cuam tshuam qhov tseem ceebib feem ntawm lub ntsws. Nws feem ntau pib sai sai thiab tam sim ntawd. Ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob ntsws hauv tus neeg laus, ua daus no, ua npaws, mob taub hau, tsis muaj zog txaus, mob nyob rau sab, uas ua rau muaj kev txav los yog hnoos heev, yuav tsum paub qhov txawv. Cov mob no tseem muaj qhov ua tsis taus pa hnyav thiab tsis xis nyob hauv sternum, hnoos thiab hnoos qeev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj qhov ntswg.
Ib lub ntsej muag kub taub hau tshwm rau ntawm tus neeg mob lub ntsej muag, ua pa nrawm nrawm thiab tib lub sijhawm cov tis ntawm lub qhov ntswg swell. Tus neeg mob siv txoj haujlwm ntawm nws sab, vim qhov no txwv tsis pub ua pa thiab txo qhov mob.
Nyob rau hauv pneumonia, qhov pib feem ntau tsis mob heev. Muaj cov tsos mob zoo li no ntawm kev mob ntsws: qhov kub thiab txias, uas maj mam nce, hnoos qhuav, los ntshav, tsis muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau yog ua pa, tachycardia, ua pa nyuaj, muffled lub plawv dhia, hawb pob qhuav. Thaum cov kab mob bronchitis txuas, cov rales qhuav kuj hnov, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pleurisy, suab nrov yuav hnov.
Cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus, yog tias nws muaj daim ntawv atypical, feem ntau nyob ntawm seb cov kab mob twg tau provoked. Mycoplasma pneumonia manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm mob caj pas, loj lub ncauj tsev menyuam qog, los ntshav, mob taub hau. Daim foos no yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hnoos qeev thiab nyem ntawm lub hauv siab.
Cov tsos mob ntawm legionellosis mob ntsws muaj xws li hnoos qhuav, ua npaws, mob hauv siab, raws plab, raum puas, lub plawv dhia qeeb.
Tej zaum pom cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws tsis ua npaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsos mob xws li ua tsis taus pa luv, tsis muaj zog, hnoos, thiab tawm hws ntau dhau yuav raug pom. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws yog pom feem ntau nrog txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Yog tias tom qab mob khaub thuas yav dhau los, mob khaub thuas lossis mob khaub thuas, pom cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws, ces koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob tam sim ntawd kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.
Diagnostics
Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws rau cov menyuam yaus lossis cov neeg laus, ces koj yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob kom muaj kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev kho mob tom ntej. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus kws kho mob muab tshuaj fluorography. Txhawm rau kom pom qhov pom tseeb dua, koj yuav tsum tau txhaj ob zaug, ib qho los ntawm sab thiab ib sab ntawm pem hauv ntej.
Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum kuaj cov hnoos qeev. Qhov no yuav txiav txim siab cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws. Kev kuaj ntshav dav dav yuav pab kom tau txais daim duab tiav ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev thaum lub sijhawm muaj tus kabmob. Qhov siab erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi qhia tau hais tias qhov kev mob ntawm lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom kev tshawb fawb no tuaj yeem ua tau raws li:
- tomography;
- biopsy;
- bronchoscopy;
- urinalysis.
Cov kev siv ntau dua yuav raug siv rau kev tshawb fawb, daim duab tiav ntau dua ntawm kev mob ntsws uas tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tau txais. Kev kuaj mob kom raug yuav pab tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab thiab tsim cov kev kho mob uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws.
Txoj kev kho mob
NyobNws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub raws nraim li cas kho mob ntsws ntsws kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem. Cov neeg mob ntsws ntsws feem ntau tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob hauv chav kho mob dav dav. Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ntawm qaug dab peg thiab kub taub hau, pw tsaug zog, noj zaub mov nplua nuj vitamin, thiab haus dej haus kom ntau. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim hnyav ntawm kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, kev nqus pa yog muab rau cov neeg mob.
Kho mob ntsws yog ua nrog kev pab ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj kom sai li sai tau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsis zoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Xaiv cov tshuaj, tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj koom. Thaum mob ntsws tshwm sim, detoxification kho, expectorant, immunostimulating, antipyretic, antihistamine thiab mucolytic tshuaj. Tom qab normalization ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo, physiotherapy thiab kho ce yog qhia.
Kev kho yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum rov zoo, raws li kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev kuaj sim. Nrog kev tshwm sim ntau zaus thiab rov tshwm sim ntawm mob ntsws, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev phais raug daws.
Drug therapy
Thaum muaj mob ntsws hauv cov neeg laus, cov tshuaj tau muab tshuaj los tshem tawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Thaum ua kev kho mob, cov kws kho mob siv ntau hom tshuaj, tshwj xeeb, xws li:
- tshuaj tua kab mob;
- antipyretic;
- expectorants;
- detoxification;
- glucocorticosteroids;
- kawg.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau sau rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, txawm li cas los xij, lawv txoj kev xaiv yog tus kheej nkaus xwb thiab nyob ntawm qhov ua rau tus kab mob. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau yog Cefotaxime lossis Ceftriaxone. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem raug sau rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus, vim tias lawv muaj ntau yam teebmeem thiab yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim. Qhov ntau npaum yog xaiv ib tus zuj zus, thiab kev kho mob tsawg kawg yog 5 hnub.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li Suprastin, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Qee zaum kev kho tshuaj hormone yog sau tseg. Nrog hnoos ntub, expectorants yuav tsum tau pab kom tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev ntawm lub cev. Thaum lub sij hawm rov qab los, tus neeg mob tau muab tshuaj immunostimulants thiab vitamin complexes, uas pab txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Ntseeg haiv neeg
Kev kho mob nrog pej xeem tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua tom qab sab laj tus kws kho mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los muab cov zaub mov txawv rau pej xeem nrog kev noj tshuaj. Ntawm cov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws, zib mu nrog birch buds tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum sib tov 100 g ntawm birch buds nrog 750 g ntawm zib mu, nyiam dua buckwheat. Tom qab ntawd sov cov khoom uas tau tshwm sim hauv ib da dej rau li 10 feeb. Noj nws 1 tsp. ua ntej noj mov.
Kev kho mob tar tuaj yeem siv los kho. Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj kho kom zoo, koj yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ib lub hub, ncuav dej sov tshaj nws, kawnpog thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov so rau 9 hnub. Noj cov tshuaj tiav rau 1 tbsp. l. ua ntej noj.
Koj tuaj yeem ua rau compress raws li zib ntab thiab vodka. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem siv tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov mob me tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg, thaum tsis muaj cov paug paug.
Koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias pej xeem txoj kev tsis yog lwm txoj hauv kev kho ib txwm muaj. Lawv tuaj yeem siv nrog rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob.
physiotherapy techniques
Thaum lub sijhawm mob ntsws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txo tau tus neeg mob tus mob, vim nws nyuaj rau tus neeg mob ua pa. Yog vim li ntawd nws thiaj tsim nyog ua cov txheej txheem xws li:
- oxygen therapy;
- nqus pa;
- khoom cua qhov cua.
Kev kho Oxygen txhais tau hais tias tus neeg mob tau txais cov pa nrog cov pa oxygen siab los ntawm lub npog ntsej muag. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tshem tau ntawm kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv lub ntsws loj.
Muaj Teeb Meem
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem reactive thiab inflammatory nyob rau hauv lub bronchopulmonary system thiab lwm yam kabmob uas provoked los ntawm lub chav kawm ntawm mob ntsws yog suav hais tias yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub chav kawm ntawm mob ntsws. Cov chav kawm thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim. Cov teeb meem tuaj yeem yog pulmonary lossis extrapulmonary. Pulmonary manifestations muaj xws li:
- gangrene;
- ntsws abscess;
- obstructive syndrome;
- mob ua pa tsis ua haujlwm;
- exudative pleurisy.
Ntawm cov kab mob ntxivCov teeb meem muaj xws li glomerulonephritis, meningitis, endocarditis, anemia, myocarditis, psychosis.
prophylaxis
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm mob ntsws, qhov kev tshwm sim yog txiav txim los ntawm ntau yam, tshwj xeeb, xws li lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob, muaj cov kab mob concomitant, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Unfavorable nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm prognosis yog ntau yam teeb meem ntawm lub chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai yog kab mob ntsws nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 1 xyoos, provoked los ntawm staphylococcus, nrog rau lwm yam kab mob txaus ntshai thiab kab mob. Nrog rau kev kho mob raws sij hawm thiab ua tiav, mob ntsws ntsws xaus rau hauv kev rov ua kom tiav.
Kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li ua kom lub cev tawv, tswj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, tsis txhob ua rau qis qis, thiab tshem tawm cov plua plav. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev huv huv ntawm foci ntawm qhov mob, kev haus luam yeeb thiab haus dej cawv yuav tsum tau ua. Rau cov neeg mob qaug zog thiab pw tsaug zog, zaws, kho mob thiab ua pa tawm ua pa yog qhia rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2 xyoos, vim tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob. Ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog American Prevenar thiab Fabkis Pneumo-23. Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem muab tshuaj subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm mob ntsws hauv menyuam yaus
Kev mob ntsws ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog ib yam kab mob hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua pa. Tab sis yog tiasnrhiav kev pab kho mob raws sij hawm thiab ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav tau zoo heev.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim yog hypothermia ntawm tus menyuam. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias tus kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog sib txawv. Feem ntau ua rau mob ntsws rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 6 hli txog 5 xyoos yog pneumococcus.
Tom qab kis kab mob, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microflora, mob hnyav pib, nrog kub taub hau. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj pallor ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qaug zog, tsis kam noj zaub mov, ua pa sai.
Kev kuaj mob yog tsim los ntawm cov tsos mob uas twb muaj lawm, nrog rau tom qab kev kawm tsim nyog. Kev kho mob yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li, txij li lub sijhawm twg los ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos feem ntau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob kom saib xyuas lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv tas li. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus dua, kev kho mob tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv tsev, tab sis koj yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob. Txhua txoj kev kho yog xaiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog xwb.
Kev mob ntsws ntsws yog ib yam kab mob loj tshaj plaws thiab txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, yog vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab kho tom ntej raws sijhawm.
