daim tawv nqaij yog suav tias yog lub cev loj tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg. Nws tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev, kub thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Raws li koj paub, cov tawv nqaij xim txawv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws nyob ntawm haiv neeg, cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces ntawm lub cev, nrog rau cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig. Cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog muab los ntawm cov hlwb tshwj xeeb - melanocytes. Feem ntau, lawv nyob sib npaug hauv txheej txheej ntawm cov epidermis. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee qhov chaw, pom muaj ntau qhov sib xyaw ntawm melanocytes. Qhov no yog pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog tsub zuj zuj ntawm melanin hlwb hu ua pigmented nevi. Xws li formations yog paub rau txhua leej txhua tus. Lawv hu ua moles los yog hnub nyoog me ntsis. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm xws formations yuav txawv. Lawv kuj sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv: los ntawm lub teeb xim av mus rau tob dub.
Pigmented nevus: nws yog dab tsi, yees duab
Nws tsis yog qhov zais cia uas yuav luag txhua tus muaj moles ntawm lawv daim tawv nqaij. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus paub tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv no yog "pigmentednev". Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim no dav dav dua. Nws suav nrog tsis yog cov moles me xwb, tab sis kuj muaj hnub nyoog me me uas ncav cuag qhov loj. Nevi tuaj yeem nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias thiab txawm nyob rau ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm iris. Cov formations uas muaj melanocytes txawv ntawm qhov loj, tuab, cov duab thiab xim. Yog li dab tsi yog pigmented nevus? Cov duab ntawm cov qauv no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm dermatology, cosmetology lossis oncology. Saib cov duab ntawm ntau yam nevi yuav pab koj tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm lawv hom. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm mole, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sab laj nrog tus kws tshaj lij.
Feem ntau, cov tawv nqaij pigmented nevi tshwm sim thaum yau. Me me xim av formations uas me ntsis nce saum npoo ntawm lub epidermis yog hu ua moles. Lawv loj hlob yuav luag imperceptibly thiab tsis cuam tshuam tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Cov cim yug kuj raug hu ua nevi. Cov formations no loj dua thiab sib txawv. Lawv tsis tshua muaj siab tshaj saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ib tug me nyuam yug los nrog cov hnub nyoog no, thiab lawv loj hlob nrog nws.
Txhua tus nevi yog tsim los ntawm cov xim hu ua melanin, uas muab xim rau peb cov tawv nqaij, iris thiab plaub hau. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no txawv. Cov pigment ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub cev yog siab dua nyob rau hauv cov plaub hau tsaus nti thiab swarthy neeg. Kev sib sau ntawm melanin nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ua rau tsim nevi. Lawv tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw, nrog rau cov kabmob sab hauv thiab cov leeg. Pigmentary nevus yogbenign neoplasm, uas ib txwm tsis thab ib tug neeg. Feem ntau, cov cim yug tsis raug kho yog tias lawv tsis ua kom zoo nkauj tsis xis nyob. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, nws tau ntseeg tias me me pigmented formations ntawm lub ntsej muag, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muab kev zoo nkauj. Tam sim no paub tias tsis yog txhua tus moles muaj kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm malignancy ntawm ib tug benign neoplasm, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Cas of nevi
Tag nrho cov tawv nqaij pigmented nevi tuaj yeem muab faib ua congenital thiab kis tau. Qhov kev faib tawm no tsis yog kev tshawb fawb, vim nws tseem tsis paub tias thaum twg cov pawg melanocytes raug tsim. Qhov kev faib no tsuas yog nyob ntawm lub sijhawm pom ntawm nevi. Yog hais tias cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij kis tau cov xim tsaus nyob rau hauv thaum yau, ces cov formations yog suav hais tias congenital. Tau txais nevi tshwm sim hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas lossis cov neeg laus.
Qhov ua rau muaj hnub nyoog yug me nyuam tsis paub. Nws ntseeg tau tias pathological migration ntawm melanoblasts tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm fetal kev loj hlob. Cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai muaj xws li mob thaum cev xeeb tub, noj tshuaj lossis lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg, thiab hormonal tsis txaus. Ib qho ua rau ntawm congenital nevi yog ib qho genetic predisposition. Qhov no piav qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Mongolian me ntsis" hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm Asian keeb kwm.
Tau txais nevi yog suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai dua, txij li qhov zaus ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neoplasms mus rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li lwm cov ntaub ntawv,tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm pigmentation yog tsim nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm fetal, thiab lawv cov tsos qhia tau hais tias muaj kev phiv los ntawm provoking yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov laj thawj hauv qab no ntawm nevi yog qhov txawv:
- Hormonal hloov hauv lub cev.
- kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Hnub ci kev tiv thaiv.
- Vim solarium.
- tawv nqaij puas.
Qhov tseeb, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov laj thawj zoo li no yog qhov ncaj ncees. Hormonal imbalance tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub thiab puberty. Thaum lub sij hawm no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm moles yog ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hnub nyoog me me feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov poj niam uas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hormonal.
Cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntev (atopic dermatitis, pob txuv) thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev feem ntau provoke cov tsos ntawm pigmented nevi ntawm lub ntsej muag, caj dab thiab lub xub pwg. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau cov tsos ntawm moles yog hnub ci insolation. Kev raug ultraviolet hluav taws xob tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm pigmentation, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm malignancy ntawm formations. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tshav ntuj ncaj qha mus ntev.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov xim pigmented
Raws li cov qauv histological, txog 50 ntau yam ntawm nevi yog qhov txawv. Ntawm cov no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog 10 hom benign formations uas txawv hauv keeb kwm thiab daim duab kho mob. Cov kws kho mob paub qhov txawv ntawm 2 pawg tseem ceeb ntawm nevi, txhua tus suav nrog ntau hom hnub nyoog. Lub hauv pauskev faib tawm ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kawm malignancy. Thawj pab pawg suav nrog melanogenic nevi. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm malignancy ntawm xws formations yog tsawg. Cov no suav nrog cov hom hnub nyoog hauv qab no:
- papillomatous nevus. Nws txawv nyob rau hauv uas nws zoo li melanoma: nws muaj ib tug tsis sib xws, bumpy nto thiab nce saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov plaub hau ntawm qhov tsim no tseem loj hlob, tab sis hloov xim. Papillomatous nevus muaj xim av tsaus. Localization ntawm xws li mole yog lub cev, ceg thiab tawv taub hau.
- Mongolian chaw. Nws muaj ntau yam duab thiab loj loj. Qhov no congenital pigmented nevus tshwm sim nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov me nyuam ntawm cov haiv neeg Mongoloid. Nws tsis nce saum cov epidermis thiab ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20.
- Galonevus - yog hais txog qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij benign. Nws muaj oval los yog puag ncig. Lub peculiarity ntawm no mole yog tias muaj ib lub teeb ci nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Xws li kev tsim tuaj yeem nyob ntawm txhua qhov ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis ntawm cov mucous membranes. Nrog hnub nyoog, mole brightens thiab ploj.
- Intradermal pigmented nevus. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov me me thiab peculiar localization: caj dab thiab daim tawv nqaij folds. Nws tshwm sim feem ntau thaum puberty. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb meem tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau melanoma. Lub complex pigmented nevus muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws. Nws yog ib qho me me pigmented tsim zoo li papule.
- YFibroepithelial nevus. Qhov kev tsim no muaj cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas thiab tsis tshua muajundergoes degradation. Nws protrudes ho saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij, muaj ib lub teeb xim av los yog pinkish tint. Xws li ib tug mole muaj ib tug puag ncig thiab ib tug du nto. Kev kawm tej zaum yuav yog los, tab sis feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus.
Melaninous nevi tsis tshua muaj mob, tab sis lawv xav tau kev soj ntsuam. Qhov tsis muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov moles no qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Melanoma tawv nqaij nevi
Melanoma- phom sij nevi yog benign neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm malignancy ntawm uas yog siab. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li lossis kev kho mob radical. Cov hnub nyoog li no suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no:
- Yadasson's xiav nevus - Tiche. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws muaj cov pigment hlwb sib txawv, pathology hais txog cov mob precancerous. Blue nevus yog me me (txog 1 cm) thiab me ntsis protrudes saum npoo ntawm epidermis. Qee zaum, nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ib qho nodule nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov tsim yog ntshav lossis xiav tsaus hauv cov xim.
- Border pigment nevus. Hais txog congenital formations. Xws li mole protrudes saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab muaj xim tsaus. Cov xim ntawm thaj chaw pathological tuaj yeem yog xim liab, xim av lossis grey tsaus. Qhov loj ntawm nevus tsis pub tshaj 1.2 cm. Lub npe ntawm qhov tsim no yog vim lub fact tias cov pigment hlwb uas nws muaj nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub epidermis thiab dermis.
- Giant nevus. Muabpigment qhov chaw yog qhov loj (ntau tshaj 20 cm) thiab tuaj yeem tuav thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev. Nevus loj heev muaj qhov ntxhib saum npoo thiab xim tsaus. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov plaub hau tau sau tseg rau ntawm thaj chaw pathological ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Nevus Ott. Ib tug kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm muaj cov pob liab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag, daim di ncauj, mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov muag. Nws feem ntau yog kev yug me nyuam, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum hluas. Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim tus kab mob no tau nce ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg Mongoloid.
- Clark's nevus. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm asymmetry ntawm contours, tiaj tus nto thiab ntau yam xim. Qhov loj ntawm daim tawv nqaij tsis xws luag yog li ntawm 5 hli mus rau 6 cm. Lub nevus tuaj yeem nyob hauv qab, nrog rau sab nraub qaum, lossis ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw mos. Nws belongs rau dysplastic formations, uas muaj feem yuav hloov mus rau hauv oncological pathology.
Melanoma- phom sij nevi yog ib pab pawg neeg loj ntawm cov kab mob uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab kho. Qee zaum, thaum tshem tawm ntawm kev tsim ua tsis tau, kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua ntawm malignancy yog tsim nyog.
Nevus ntawm lub qhov muag: nta
Kev sib sau ntawm melanocytes tau pom tsis yog ntawm daim tawv nqaij xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ib qho piv txwv yog pigmented nevus ntawm lub qhov muag. Lwm lub npe rau qhov tsim no yog cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm choroid. Nws yog hais txog congenital pathologies, tab sis nws pib tshwm sim tsuas yog los ntawm 10-12 xyoo. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog no muaj kev ncepigment tsim. Muaj 3 hom choroidal nevi:
- Stationary.
- Txhob Cia Siab.
- Atypical.
Lawv txhua tus muaj cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub qhov muag, txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, lawv zoo li ua phem. Zoo li daim tawv nqaij lesions, choroidal qog yog yam ntxwv los ntawm discoloration. Yog li, nws yog dab tsi - pigmented nevi ntawm lub qhov muag? Cov duab ntawm cov qog no tau nthuav tawm ntau hauv cov ntaub ntawv rau ophthalmologists thiab oncologists, nrog rau cov chaw kho mob. Nevi yog qhov me me hauv qhov muag uas txawv xim ntawm cov xim ntawm iris.
Tim kab mob choroid
Chaw nres tsheb nevus ntawm lub qhov muag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb lossis pinnate contours. Nws muaj xim ntsuab lossis grey. Cov duab, qhov loj me thiab xim ntawm qhov tsim tsis hloov thaum lub neej. Cov qog nqaij hlav zoo li no tsis yog malignant.
Progressive nevus yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nws muaj xim daj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm cov xim. Cov xim thiab cov duab ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yuav hloov. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li nevi nce hauv qhov loj me, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm vascular compression thiab txo qhov muag pom. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau hom kab mob no, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev kho mob.
Atypical nevi muaj qhov tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, ntawm qhov hloov me ntsis lossis kev loj hlob, kev kho mob ceev yuav tsum tau ua. Xws li formations yog lub teeb nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab yog nrog los ntawm kev tsis pom kev.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov qog pigmented
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv lub nevus lossis nwstsos mob, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog ib tug oncologist. Nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua qhov kev kuaj mob sib txawv ntawm ntau yam ntawm daim tawv nqaij neoplasms thiab xaiv txoj kev kho mob. Ib qho kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb yog dermatoscopy, uas tso cai rau koj pom cov xim xim nyob rau hauv qhov kev nthuav dav. Yog xav tias malignancy ntawm cov qog, ua tiav kev kuaj mob, X-ray ntawm lub hauv siab kab mob thiab ultrasound ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav yog ua. Txhawm rau tsim cov hom histological ntawm nevus, kev txiav tawm dav dav ntawm kev tsim yog ua. Kev kuaj ntshav biopsy tsuas yog ua thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav thiab kis ntawm cov qog hlwb.
Pigmented nevus: kho
Cov duab qhia txog nevi tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb hom qog nws yog dab tsi. Kev kho cov pigmented nevi tsis yog ib txwm ua. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas mole tsis muaj teeb meem thiab tsis ua rau kom zoo nkauj tsis xis nyob, dynamic kev soj ntsuam yog qhia. Nevi raug tshem tawm, uas feem ntau raug mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov tsim nrog kua nitrogen lossis laser. Yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm malignancy, kev phais yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov pigmented nevi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv rov qab los ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm 2 cm thiab khaws cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv. Cov khoom siv tau raug xa mus rau qhov chaw kuaj mob histological.
Yuav muaj teeb meem ntawm nevi
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm nevi yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xim ib txwm ua rau melanoma. Muab faibCov cim qhia hauv qab no ntawm malignancy:
- Sudden growth in education.
- ntshav los yog rwj.
- Hloov xim ntawm mole.
- pab.
Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob no, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd thiab tshem tawm qhov tsim. Tsuas yog kev kho mob raws sij hawm yuav pab kom tsis txhob mob qog noj ntshav.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij tawv nqaij
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv pigment me ntsis los ntawm kev ua phem, txhua yam yuav tsum raug cais tawm. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau raug rau lub hnub thiab traumatization ntawm nevi. Cov neeg uas muaj moles ntawm lawv lub cev tsis pom zoo kom da dej thiab mus ntsib solarium.
txoj kev tiv thaiv melanoma suav nrog kev saib xyuas zoo los ntawm tus kws kho mob oncologist, nrog rau kev tshem tawm raws sijhawm ntawm qhov txaus ntshai nevi.
