COPD: pathogenesis, kev kuaj mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Cov txheej txheem:

COPD: pathogenesis, kev kuaj mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
COPD: pathogenesis, kev kuaj mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: COPD: pathogenesis, kev kuaj mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: COPD: pathogenesis, kev kuaj mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
Video: Plab Plab Ntswg..(Pluav Pluav Ntswg) Maiv Twm New Song 2023-2024 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Tus kab mob obstructive pulmonary yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txwv ib nrab ntawm cov pa hauv txoj hlab pa. COPD hauv ICD-10 yog teev nyob rau hauv tus lej J 44.0-9. Muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau tus kab mob ua pa.

Yog vim li cas

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm COPD yog:

  • Kev txiav txim siab ntawm caj ces (tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm alpha-1-antitrypsin) uas cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntsws, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov hnyav thaum yug me nyuam, leej niam haus luam yeeb thaum cev xeeb tub.
  • Kev nqus pa: haus luam yeeb (kev haus luam yeeb thiab tsis muaj zog).
  • Cov pa phem hauv tsev los ntawm kev siv roj biofuel hauv tsev.
  • Cov pa phem hauv huab cua (cov pa pa tawm ntawm lub tsheb thiab cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam).
  • huab cua muaj kuab paug tom haujlwm.
  • kab mob ua pa ntev.
  • Immunodeficiency vim decompensation ntawm cov kab mob ntev ntawm lwm yam kabmob thiab lub cev, kab mob HIV.
  • Mob ntsws interstitial mob hnyav ua rau bronchial hypoventilation: tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fibrosingalveolitis, pneumoconiosis, silicosis.
  • Kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus thiab tsis sib npaug, cachexia.
  • Cov kab mob paj hlwb ua rau muaj kev txwv ntawm diaphragmatic thiab ua pa ua haujlwm: myasthenia gravis, so ntawm diaphragm, tsim kev kuaj mob bronchial hawb pob lossis nyiam bronchial hyperreactivity tau lees paub los ntawm kev kuaj bronchoscopic, bronchiectasis lossis tau txais bronchiectasi
mcb 10
mcb 10

Symptoms

Cov tsos mob ntawm COPD, teev nyob rau hauv ICD-10 code J 44.0-9, yog raws li hauv qab no:

  1. Ua tsis taus pa nrog nyuaj tas sij hawm, zuj zus tom qab kev tawm dag zog. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature yog qhov mus tas li mus txog rau thaum lub tsos ntawm ua tsis taus pa ntawm so.
  2. hnoos nrog cov hnoos qeev los yog purulent hnoos qeev, feem ntau pom hauv COPD thaum sawv ntxov.
  3. Cov hnoos qhuav qhuav yam tsis muaj hnoos qeev hauv emphysematous hom COPD.
  4. Ua pa nce ntxiv. Feem ntau, cov neeg mob tau txais kev yuam lub cev uas txo cov tsos mob ntawm orthopnea: zaum saum txaj, ntswj rau pem hauv ntej thiab so lawv txhais tes ntawm lawv lub duav.
  5. qaug zog, qaug zog.
  6. Hloov cov ntiv tes: thickening ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg phalanges (cov tsos mob ntawm "drumsticks", deformation thiab o ntawm cov ntsia hlau daim hlau (cov tsos mob ntawm "saib tsom iav").
  7. Cyanosis (cyanosis) ntawm daim di ncauj, taub ntswg, lub tswv yim ntawm pob ntseg. Hauv COPD hnyav - tag nrho cyanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
  8. Tsis nrov exhalation los ntawm kaw daim di ncauj kom txo cov load ntawm tsob ntoo bronchial.

Nyob rau theem siab ntawm tus kab mob, mob plawv tsis ua haujlwm, nrog rau:

  1. Ntsuag txias o ntawm ob txhais ceg, uas nce rau yav tsaus ntuj.
  2. pab siab.
  3. nqhis dej tas li.

Muaj peb qib ntawm COPD, txhua tus muaj cov tsos mob sib txawv.

COPD cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
COPD cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Mild degree

Tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov mob me me ntawm lub ntsws. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim tsawg tsawg. Kev kuaj mob COPD tau dhau los ua txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Ib qho hnoos ntub tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tab sis ntau zaus cov tsos mob no tsis tshwm sim. Muaj qhov txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib pauv roj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm huab cua permeability hauv bronchi. Pathology tsis ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv lub neej ntawm tus neeg mob.

Medium degree

Nyob rau hauv lub pathogenesis ntawm nruab nrab COPD, qhov tsos ntawm hnoos, nrog rau cov hnoos qeev ntau lawm, tau sau tseg. Muaj ib tug ntse txo nyob rau hauv lub endurance ntawm tus neeg mob. Kev ua lub cev ua rau ua pa luv. Feem ntau ua tsis taus pa tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev so. Ib qho hnoos paroxysmal tuaj yeem ua tau thaum lub sijhawm exacerbations uas tshwm sim nyob rau theem no, nrog kev tso tawm cov hnoos qeev uas muaj cov kua qaub.

Siab

Cov tsos mob ntawm theem thib peb ntawm chav kawm ntawm pathology yog pom ntau dua thiab hais tau. Ib tug ntse deterioration nyob rau hauv tus mob vim nquag exacerbations (los ntawm 2 zaug ib lub hlis). Muaj kev nce hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tshwm sim ntawm bronchial obstruction. Ua tsis taus pa luv thiab tsis muaj zog, nrog rau qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm qhov muag. Cov neeg mob ua pa hnyav.

Qhov pib tshwm sim thiab cov tsos mob sab nraud tau sau tseg, cov cim hauv qab no yog yam ntxwv:

  • nce qhov pom ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv caj dab;
  • poob phaus;
  • lub hauv siab nthuav dav, chim-zoo li tus;
  • yuav ua rau cov tawv nqaij daj.

degree no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub neej expectancy ntawm cov neeg mob.

mob hnyav heev

Lub pathogenesis ntawm COPD ntawm qhov kev kawm no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txhim kho ua pa tsis ua haujlwm. Tus neeg mob txhawj xeeb txog kev hnoos, hawb pob hauv siab thiab ua pa luv hauv lub xeev so. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim exhalation, nws raug nquahu kom coj lub pose raws li qhov khoom. Kev ua lub cev ua rau tsis xis nyob. Muaj kev txhim kho ntawm lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm vim yog tsim ntawm cor pulmonale, uas ua rau tus neeg mob nyuaj. Nyob rau theem no, tus neeg mob yuav xiam oob qhab, vim muaj peev xwm ua pa ntawm nws tus kheej tau ploj mus.

Cov neeg mob zoo li no yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab kho hauv tsev kho mob tas li. Yuav tsum tau siv tas li ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide portable. Cov theem no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob lub neej expectancy mus txog 2 xyoos.

ua tsis taus pa nrog COPD
ua tsis taus pa nrog COPD

Diagnosis

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kuaj mob COPD. Siv thawj zaug:

  • kuaj ntshav. Qhov exacerbation yog nrog los ntawm neutrophic leukocytosis thiab nce ESR. Nrog rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tus kab mob, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov leukocytes. Rau ib theem hnyav, nce ntshav viscosity thiab tus lejCov qe ntshav liab, nrog rau qib siab ntawm hemoglobin.
  • Sputum tsom xam. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb cytological muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov mob hnyav thiab nws qhov xwm txheej. Nrog rau qhov exacerbation ntawm tus kab mob, muaj cov kua paug nyob rau hauv cov hnoos qeev, qhov viscosity nce.
  • Kev kuaj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua pa sab nraud. Nws muaj peev xwm los ntsuas qhov degree ntawm bronchial patency los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov ntim ntawm qhov siab kawg nkaus ntws. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias ib tug txo nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov taw qhia kuj tseem ua tau nrog rau lwm yam kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa.
  • Bronchodilation kuaj. Cov txheej txheem no yog nqa tawm rau lub hom phiaj hauv qab no: kev txiav txim siab txog qhov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob; tsis suav nrog qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm bronchial hawb pob; tsim kom muaj qhov hnyav thiab theem tam sim no ntawm tus kab mob; Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev xaiv kev kho mob.
  • YElectrocardiography. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm ECG, tso cai rau koj los tsim cov cim qhia ntawm hypertrophy ntawm lub plawv hauv COPD cov teeb meem.

Tom qab kuaj xyuas thiab txiav txim siab tag nrho cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob COPD, lawv tau ncaj qha mus noj tshuaj.

sputum nyob rau hauv cobl
sputum nyob rau hauv cobl

Drug therapy

Kev kho mob ntawm COPD yog raws li kev siv cov tshuaj nqus pa uas pab nthuav txoj hauv kev, nrog rau qee cov tshuaj:

Broncholytics: theomiphylline, anticholinergics thiab 2-agonists. Txoj kev nqus pa ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm bronchodilators yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws thiab zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm cov tshuaj bronchodilator, qhov tshwm sim hloovLub ntsws ua haujlwm tsis yog ib qho kev lees paub lossis qhov qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntev. Kev xaiv ntawm hom tshuaj bronchodilators yog tsim los ntawm tus kheej cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob, muaj cov tshuaj thiab qhov tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Yog hais tias qhov pathogenesis ntawm COPD yog nrog los ntawm kab mob plawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob laus, tshuaj anticholinergics. Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob tshwm sim yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv ua ke ntawm ntau tus neeg sawv cev. Nws kuj pab kom cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Kev nqus pa yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv hauv qab no:

  • nebulizers - thaum muaj tus kab mob hnyav thiab thaum lub sijhawm exacerbations;
  • Dowder inhalers - thaum muaj kev ruaj khov.

Glucocorticoids: fluticasone propionate, budesonide. Rau cov tshuaj zoo li no, kev tawm dag zog tiv thaiv kab mob yog yam ntxwv. Hauv kev kho mob ntawm exacerbations ntawm COPD, cov kev kawm luv luv txog li 14 hnub yog siv. Kev txais tos yog txhawm rau txo qhov o ntawm txoj hlab pa.

Thaum muaj kev kis tus kab mob hnyav zuj zus ntxiv, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau muab tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob COPD. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj tshuaj tua kab mob yuav pab ua kom lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm rov qab los ntawm tus kab mob.

Y Mucolytics thiab mucoregulators: tshuaj muaj iodine, ambroxol, carbocysteine. Lawv raug tshuaj rau cov kab mob ntawm COPD rau kev nkag mus rau cov neeg mob tsawg tsawg uas muaj cov hnoos qeev. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, cov tshuaj no tsis pom zoo rauKev siv dav dav hauv cov neeg mob COPD.

Antioxidants. Cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj antioxidant siab yog N-acetylcysteine . Cov cuab yeej pab txo qhov zaus ntawm COPD exacerbations thiab lawv lub sijhawm. Kev siv tshuaj ntev ntev los ntawm cov neeg mob COPD (txog rau lub hlis) raug tso cai, tsis pub tshaj qhov noj txhua hnub ntawm 600 mg.

Y Immunoregulators, immunostimulators thiab immunomodulators. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no tsis muaj pov thawj ntseeg, thiab yog li kev siv cov tshuaj no tsis raug pom zoo.

Txoj kev kuaj mob COPD
Txoj kev kuaj mob COPD

Tshuaj tiv thaiv

Kev txo qis kev tuag thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov neeg mob COPD ua rau muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas. Kev teem caij txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib zaug hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg (Lub Kaum Hli-Kaum Ib Hlis). Qee cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal los tiv thaiv kev mob ntsws rau cov neeg mob COPD.

Yuav ua li cas kho COPD nrog pej xeem tshuaj?

Kev kho mob hauv cov kab mob ntsws ntev (COPD), txawm tias muaj kev kho mob nyuaj thiab qhov tshwm sim, tuaj yeem kho tau nrog kev pab los ntawm pej xeem cov tshuaj, thiab qee zaum pej xeem txoj kev tseem zoo dua li cov tshuaj niaj hnub no. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov tshuaj pej xeem, xws li cov tshuaj pharmacological, yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kho kom rov zoo, pab txhawb kev tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev los ntawm bronchi.

Ib txoj hauv kev uas tau txais txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws yog kev kho mob nrog tshuaj ntsuab infusions. Muaj ntau yam zaub mov txawv. Rau feem ntauCov kev sau zoo uas yuav pab tshem tawm cov tsos mob COPD suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • sau ntawm 1 feem sage tshuaj ntsuab, 2 seem chamomile paj thiab 2 seem mallow;
  • sau ntawm 1 feem linseed, 2 qhov chaw eucalyptus, 2 qhov chaw chamomile paj thiab 2 qhov chaw linden paj;
  • khaws 1 feem ntawm chamomile, mallow, qab zib clover nyom, licorice cag, anise, marshmallow thiab 3 qhov chaw flaxseed.

Cov tshuaj ntsuab qhuav yog crushed, brewed nrog boiling dej, infused thiab siv los ntawm cov neeg mob, raws li txoj cai, ob zaug ib hnub twg rau 1-2 lub hlis.

Yuav kho COPD li cas nrog cov tshuaj pej xeem
Yuav kho COPD li cas nrog cov tshuaj pej xeem

Ib qho tshuaj zoo rau pej xeem kev kho mob COPD cov tsos mob yog dub radish thiab beetroot. Rau lub hom phiaj tshuaj, ib tug slurry ntawm grated txiv hmab txiv ntoo infused nrog dej. Cov infusion yog noj rau ib hlis, ces koj yuav tsum tau so ib lub lim tiam.

Nettle Root Syrup yog ib qho tshuaj zoo heev rau cov tsos mob COPD, uas yog, nws tshem tawm phlegm, txo qhov hnoos, thiab txo qhov mob.

Cais, peb yuav tsum nyob twj ywm rau pej xeem txoj kev kho COPD nrog kev siv mis nyuj. Cov mis nyuj kub yog ntxiv (nyob ntawm daim ntawv qhia) xws li butter nrog zib mu, los yog badger rog thiab lard. Muaj cov zaub mov txawv nrog dos thiab qej, Icelandic moss, anise tee.

tshuaj hauv tsev zoo rau hnoos hauv COPD - nqus pa. Ua tsaug rau chav dej, cov tshuaj siv tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws thiab lub ntsws, txo qhov o thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem metabolic. Rau inhalations, tshuaj ntsuab siv (calendula, mint, chamomile, oregano thiab lwm yam), dos,tseem ceeb roj, boiled qos yaj ywm peels, baking soda.

Xav txog cov kev kho pej xeem thiab txoj hauv kev hauv kev kho mob COPD, nws tsim nyog sau cia siv cov ntsev ntxhia. Kev nqus tau ntsev txo qhov ua tsis taus pa hauv COPD.

Yog li, nrog rau cov tshuaj, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav kev kho mob nrog pej xeem txoj kev thiab kev kho mob, tab sis ua ntej ntawd, tseem tau txais kev sab laj los ntawm koj tus kws kho mob.

hnoos in cobl
hnoos in cobl

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm COPD yog qhov tsis kam haus luam yeeb. Cov kab mob obstructive pulmonary tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv tus neeg mob uas ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam phom sij, yog li nws yuav tsum paub cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb thiab siv lub tshuab ua pa. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qhov cua zoo yuav tsum tau nruab rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov khoom ntawm silicon thiab cadmium ntab hauv huab cua yog qhov txaus ntshai heev.

Pab pawg pheej hmoo suav nrog cov haujlwm xws li cov neeg ua haujlwm miner thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov khw "kub" lossis hauv kev lag luam khaub ncaws. Txhawm rau kom tsis suav nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob pulmonary ntev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum kho txhua yam kab mob ntsws thiab cov kab mob ua pa hnyav. Txhua yam kab mob uas tsis quav ntsej tuaj yeem ua mob ntev thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem yav tom ntej.

COPD tshwm sim feem ntau hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb, vim tias cov kab mob hauv lub ntsws tshwm sim hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb ntev - cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog plaub caug txog tsib caug xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj qhov tsis zoo. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias COPD tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis yog hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb, tab sis kujthiab "cov neeg haus luam yeeb tsis muaj zog", uas yog, cov neeg uas tsis siv lawv tus kheej, tab sis nqus cov pa luam yeeb.

Kev tiv thaiv, kev ua pa ntawm COPD, uas yog kws kho mob tau sau tseg, yuav ua tau zoo heev. Koj ua tau koj tus kheej.

Pom zoo: