Cov ntaub so ntswg kho hniav tsis muaj peev xwm kho tus kheej. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kab noj hniav uas tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv hauv zos thiab nres kev tsim cov txheej txheem carious, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los hloov cov txheej txheem enamel nrog cov khoom siv dag zog. Cov filling dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau zom cov hniav? Peb yuav tham txog cov kev xaiv muaj, muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam khoom tom qab hauv peb qhov kev tshaj tawm.
Yuav ua li cas rau kev ntim khoom?
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab rau koj tus kheej qhov kev sau twg zoo dua, thaum xaiv ib lossis lwm qhov kev xaiv, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo mloog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- qib toxicity;
- tawm tsam rau qhov ua rau qaub ncaug, cov khoom siv lom neeg lom zem hauv cov khoom noj;
- khaws cov duab, ntim, qib abrasion dhau sijhawm;
- susceptibility rau staining thiab discoloration;
- lub sijhawm nws siv rau qhov zoohardening;
- mechanical zog ntsuas.
Ntxiv rau cov xwm txheej no, lwm yam khoom ntawm kev txhaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kws kho mob. Peb tab tom tham txog plasticity ntawm cov khoom, uas tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav cov duab zoo ntawm cov cam khwb cia. Dab tsi tseem ceeb yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv kom haum snugly tiv thaiv phab ntsa ntawm cov hniav enamel, yooj yim ntawm kev ua cov cuab yeej kho hniav.
ib ntus filling
Qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj? Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tus hniav tsis kho tag nrho thiab tus kws kho hniav npaj yuav ua ntxiv, cov nyiaj ib ntus tuaj rau kev cawm. Cov tshuaj tau txais yuav yog tias nws tsim nyog los cais cov kab noj hniav tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem enamel rau qee lub sijhawm.
Ua ntej txhim kho ib ntus ntim, tus kws kho hniav ntxuav hniav thiab ziab cov qauv hauv zos. Tom qab ib tug zoo hardening ntawm cov khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob noj rau ob peb teev. Tom qab tag nrho, cov ntaub ntawv tsis yooj yim yog siv ntawm no uas tuaj yeem poob tawm thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dhau. Kev sau ib ntus raug tso tseg rau ob peb hnub. Yog tias qhov mob tsis tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm uas tus kws kho mob muab, lwm cov tsos mob qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob hniav, tus kws kho hniav mus rau qhov txhaws tas mus li.
Cement
Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm qhov twg filling yog qhov zoo dua, nws tsim nyog hais ob peb lo lus hais txog kev xaiv cement. Tsis ntev tas los no, cov khoom zoo li no tau ua tiav vim lawv cov nqi qis thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa. Cement bases harden zoo hauv qabkev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj. Ua kom muaj zog yog ua tiav tom qab ob peb teev ntawm kev teeb tsa.
Cov nram qab no hom cement filling yog qhov txawv:
- Zinc-phosphate - thaum xub thawj, lawv tiv taus cov kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv muaj peev xwm ua ib feem yaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm biologically active tshuaj nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zaub mov. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov haum ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov hniav enamel txo, tawg daim ntawv. Muab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau sau tseg, zinc-phosphate filling yog tam sim no siv los ua insulating inlays ua ntej txhim kho cov peev txheej.
- Silicate - cov khoom muaj tshuaj lom me ntsis. Los ntawm nws cov qauv, nws yog cov khoom siv ncaj ncees, nws yog qhov zoo rau kev sau cov hniav anterior. Rau kev sib sib zog nqus ntim, cov khoom siv silicate tsis siv vim tias nws muaj qhov tsis zoo rau cov tawv nqaij.
- Silicate-phosphate - muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev xaiv saum toj no. Tuav txoj haujlwm nruab nrab hauv kev kho hniav.
- Polycarbonate - muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev tawg. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj fluorine, uas tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm caries. Siv los tsim cov tabs insulating thaum lub sij hawm installation ntawm crowns, yog siv nyob rau hauv sau cov mis nyuj cov hniav.
Cement fillings muaj ib qho kev tsis zoo. Tom qab sib tov lub hauv paus, tus kws kho mob muaj ob peb feeb los tsim cov duab ntawm cov khoom. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv khov kho, poob plasticity.
iav ionomer cements
Peb mus txuas ntxiv seb qhov filling twg zoo dua. Ib tug niaj hnub version ntawm cements yog silicate iav, uas hardens nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm polyacrylic acids. Tsis zoo li cov niaj hnub versions ntawm cements, cov khoom adheres zoo rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hniav tsis tsuas yog mechanically, tab sis kuj chemically. Vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub sij hawm ntawm txhim khu kev qha fixation ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub enamel kab noj hniav nce.
iav ionomer filling yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Hardening ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg nkaus. Feem ntau, qhov kev xaiv yog siv rau thaum nws tsim nyog los sau cov hniav mis.
Metal
Qhov kev txhaws twg zoo tshaj rau cov hniav? Cov khoom siv hlau zoo li kev xaiv kev lag luam zoo. Lub hauv paus yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj hardening thiab amalgam. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem yog tooj liab, nyiaj lossis kub. Ua ntej txhim kho cov khoom, tus kws kho hniav sib tov cov hmoov hlau thiab mercury. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov tshuaj lom me ntsis. Lub foob raug ntsia tau zoo tuaj yeem tiv taus kev ntxhov siab rau ntau xyoo.
Qhov pom tseeb qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kev xaiv hlau tsis yog qhov zoo nkauj heev vim yog cov yam ntxwv luster ntawm cov khoom. Yog hais tias muaj cov yas los yog txuas hniav nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, cov nyhuv ntawm galvanism yuav tshwm sim. Peb tab tom tham txog tuav lub foob tsis muaj zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no.
YPlastic
Qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hniav? Ua pov thawj zoocov khoom siv acrylic. Kev siv cov khoom siv yooj yim rau kev xaiv qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas xav tau. Xws li cov hauv paus muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov loads rau ntau xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Microscopic tawg ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov yas, qhov twg cov kab mob pathogenic nyob. Acrylic tsis tuaj yeem siv thaum muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus carious hauv cov qauv hniav. Cov xim ntawm cov filling tuaj yeem hloov pauv sai sai vim yog tus neeg muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj thiab siv cov khoom siv xim.
Thaum nug seb qhov kev kho hniav twg zoo dua, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau cov khoom yas raws li epoxy resins. Cov kev xaiv no muaj cov khoom ua tau zoo dua qub piv rau acrylic polymers. Qib ntawm toxicity yog qis dua ntawm no. Cov filling yog ntau ruaj thiab tsis tshua muaj khawb. Solidification tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm cov khoom siv, lawv tsis haum rau kev kho cov hniav anterior. Epoxy tebchaw tuaj yeem pom qhov tsaus ntuj tom qab ob peb xyoos. Yog li ntawd, lub installation ntawm xws li filling zoo li ib tug zoo tshuaj thaum nws yog tsim nyog los kho cov enamel ntawm zom nto nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
Photopolymers
Lub teeb ntim twg zoo dua? Piv nrog rau cov khoom yas ua los ntawm epoxy resins, photopolymer yog cov khoom zoo dua. Vim qhov tshwj xeeb plasticity ntawm cov khoom thiab qeeb hardening, tus kws kho hniav muaj sij hawm txaus ntawm nws pov tseg kom muab cov hniav zoo li xav tau. Hauv kev xaus raupaste muaj pes tsawg leeg raug rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Tus kws kho mob kho cov teeb meem me me ntawm qhov chaw, polishes cov khoom kom nws ci ntsa iab.
Xav txog qhov kev ntim twg zoo dua los muab cov hniav zom, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv qhov kev nyiam ntawm photopolymers. Ib tug dav palette ntawm ntxoov tso cai rau koj mus cuag ib tug zoo meej xim match ntawm lub prosthesis thiab ib puag ncig ntuj enamel. Cov khoom siv tsis muaj tshuaj lom, muaj qhov me me ntawm shrinkage, hnav maj mam.
Composite
Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm qhov twg filling yog zoo dua rau ib tug zom cov hniav, cov kws kho mob feem ntau qhia rau xav txog qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev txhim kho composites. Cov khoom zoo li no yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib qho inorganic muab tub lim thiab txheej txheej ntawm cov organic monomer. Kev kho, zoo li hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm photopolymer, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb, nrog rau cov activator ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Composites muaj qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Tus kws kho mob tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev xaiv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm qhov txhaws kom haum rau cov xim ntuj ntawm cov hniav. Cov khoom nyob twj ywm resistant rau mechanical stress tau ntau xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov shrinkage ntawm qhov txhaws yuav tshwm sim dhau sijhawm.
Qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hniav? Cov khoom siv ceramic saib zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Vim lub siab tshaj plaws durability, xws li kev xaiv yog kim. Kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tsis xws luag tshwm sim nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem. Ua ntej, tus kws kho hniav ua cov kab noj hniav hauv thaj tsam teeb meem. Tom qab ntawd ib qho pwm tsim. Lub qhov yog ntim nrog ib ntus filling. Tus kws kho mobmanufactures lub overlay raws li qhov yuav tsum tau tsis. Thaum mus ntsib kws kho hniav tom ntej, muab tso rau ntawm tus hniav.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic yog txhim khu kev qha, muaj peev xwm los tsim kev nyem uas yuav ua tau zoo rau cov hniav thaum sib tsoo. Muab piv rau lub teeb polymers thiab cov khoom sib xyaw, muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua. Yog tias koj nug tus kws kho mob tias qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tus kws kho hniav feem ntau yuav qhia txog kev teeb tsa ntawm ceramics.
Tshuaj Kho Hniav
Tom qab kev txhim kho qhov txhaws, tej zaum yuav muaj kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos, kev loj hlob ntawm qhov mob, thiab lwm yam tsis xis nyob. Txhawm rau zam qhov teeb meem no, cov kws kho mob qhia koj ua raws li ob peb txoj cai:
- Thaum xub thawj, koj yuav tsum mus zom zaub mov maj mam thiab tom tsis siv zog. Txwv tsis pub, lub siab ntau dhau yuav raug siv rau thaj chaw uas muab tso rau.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom noj nplaum tom qab kev kho hniav. Qee qhov txhaws tau ruaj khov kho tom qab ob peb hnub. Kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom "nplaum" tuaj yeem ua rau txav ntawm cov khoom.
- Cov zaub mov kub, txias thiab qab zib ua rau kom muaj kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv thaj tsam ntawm qhov txhaws. Kev tsis kam ntawm cov tais diav no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom raws cov npoo ntawm cov khoom siv.
- Tsis txhob zom zaub mov rau ob peb hnub tom qab muab tso rau hauv. Txwv tsis pub, cov khoom uas tsis muaj sij hawm los kho nws tus kheej zoo yuav hloov.
Yog, txawm tias ua rawsntawm cov cai saum toj no, cov hniav uas muaj cov hniav nyob twj ywm rhiab rau ib lub lim tiam, nws tsim nyog rov nrhiav tus kws kho hniav rau cov lus qhia. Feem ntau, yuav tsum tau kho me me kom tshem tawm qhov tsis xis nyob.
Nyob hauv kaw
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm ib qho kev xaiv filling yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov teeb meem, kev qhia, kev thov thiab kev xav ntawm tus neeg mob ntawm lub chaw kho hniav, thiab cov kev cai ntawm tus kws kho mob. Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb me me yog tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Yog xav tau kev kho cov hniav pem hauv ntej, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob siv nyiaj los ntawm kev tso cov ceramics, cov khoom siv niaj hnub los yog photopolymer. Ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab hauv kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov qauv masticatory ua rau nws siv tau cov iav ionomers, yas thiab hlau xaiv.
Kev twv txiaj ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub tsis yog qhov ntse heev. Txij li cov ntaub ntawv no raug rhuav tshem los ntawm qaub ncaug dhau sijhawm, lawv hnav thiab tawg. Raws li kev soj ntsuam, xws li filling ua haujlwm rau ntau tshaj 2-3 xyoos. Ua li ntawd, thaum mus ntsib kws kho hniav, koj yuav tsum nug tus kws kho mob seb qhov kev xaiv twg yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tam sim no.
