Tshuaj tua kab mob yog ib pawg loj ntawm cov tshuaj, txhua tus uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws cov spectrum ntawm kev ua, cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Tag nrho cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau sau tseg rau cov kab mob kis tau tuaj yeem ua cov kab mob bactericidal lossis bacteriostatically ntawm cov kab mob. Hauv thawj kis, cov kab mob tuag, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob, cov kab mob microorganisms yog deprived ntawm lub cib fim ntau. Qhov tsis muaj cov xeeb ntxwv ua rau cov kab mob tuag thiab lawv ploj mus tag.
Tshuaj tua kab mob siv rau cov kab mob kis tau rau hauv lub cev ntau txoj hauv kev. Kev npaj yog tsim rau txhua txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tswj hwm. Muaj cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj ntsiav rau kev tswj qhov ncauj, kev daws teeb meem rau kev txhaj tshuaj, intramuscular txhaj, tshuaj tsuag, tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev.
Reception nta
Daim ntawv thovCov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov kab mob yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob. Kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj nyob ntawm qhov xwm thiab qhov hnyav ntawm pathology.
- Antimicrobials tsis yog siv los kho tus kab mob.
- Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob raug soj ntsuam hauv thawj peb hnub ntawm kev kho mob. Yog tias nws muaj qhov xav tau, ces chav kawm txuas ntxiv mus. Txwv tsis pub, tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab seb puas yuav hloov cov tshuaj.
- Thaum noj cov tshuaj, cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv xeev siab, qhov tsos ntawm qhov tsis hnov qab hauv qhov ncauj. Cov kev tshwm sim no tsis tas yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ntawm cov tshuaj. Feem ntau txaus los kho cov koob tshuaj kom txo tau cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov kev ntsuas tseeb kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob.
- zawv plab tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj tshuaj. Yog tias cov quav xoob tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Tsis txhob sim kho tus kheej raws plab uas tshwm sim thaum noj tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Tsis txhob hloov cov tshuaj koj tus kheej. Hauv cov koob tshuaj me me, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij, vim tias cov kab mob ua kom tsis haum rau lawv.
- Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv nruj me ntsis ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb kom tswj tau qhov xav tau qib siab ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav.
- Tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau siv nruj me ntsis ua ntej noj mov lossis tom qab - nyob ntawm seb hom tshuaj. Txwv tsis pub, cov tshuaj yuav raug absorbed. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txais tos yuav tsum tau qhia meej nrog tus kws kho mob tuaj koom.
Kev faib tawmtshuaj tua kab mob
Ntau pua xyoo dhau los, ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau tsim. Nrog rau kev kis kab mob, ntau yam tshuaj siv. Qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv kev kho mob, thiab qee qhov tsis siv lawm.
Txhua cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:
- Los ntawm keeb kwm. Allocate natural, semi-synthetic, hluavtaws tshuaj. Ntuj tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Semi-synthetic - los ntawm kev hloov kho ntuj molecules, thaum cov khoom hluavtaws tau txais hauv chav kuaj.
- Sib faib rau hauv kev coj ua. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem siv rau hauv plab hnyuv, kab mob neurosurgical, pathologies ntawm cov pa ua pa, urinary ib ntsuj av, lub cev xeeb tub, tawv nqaij, cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab lwm yam.
Txhob Cia Siab
Kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus thaum noj tshuaj tua kab mob rau tus kab mob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov tshwm sim no yog kev hloov pauv caj ces uas tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob. Cov kab mob tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tiv thaiv caj ces thiab nqa cov ntaub ntawv no mus rau lwm tiam neeg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov metabolism ntawm cov kab mob hloov pauv, kev tiv thaiv rau qee yam tshuaj tshwm sim. Lub hom phiaj tshuaj tua kab mob ploj mus.
Kev tawm tsam tshwm sim vim kev siv tshuaj tsis tu ncua, cuam tshuam rau cov lus qhia. Qhov laj thawj kuj yog kev kho tus kheej, yam tsis tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
Kev ua ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob
Thaumkab mob los yog kis kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob yog muab, yog li nkag siab. Lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob, tab sis tuaj yeem sau tau thaum txuas nrog tus kab mob kis kab mob.
Tshuaj tua kab mob muab faib ua ob pawg loj:
- YBacteriostatic. Lawv tiv thaiv kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic.
- YBactericidal. Cov tshuaj uas ua rau cov kab mob pathogenic tuag.
Lub tshuab ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm ob pawg yog ua raws li hauv qab no:
- cell phab ntsa synthesis raug txwv - penicillins, cephalosporins, fosfomycins, glycopeptides, carbapenems, monobactams ua rau cov kab mob zoo sib xws;
- cuam tshuam ntau dhau lub luag haujlwm ntawm DNA: qhov no suav nrog kev npaj ntawm pawg trimethoprim, nitroimidazoles, ansamycins, nitrofurans;
- tshem tawm cov protein synthesis ntawm ribosomes: macrolides, lincosamines, levomycetins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines;
- membrane ua haujlwm tsis zoo: imidazoles, polymyxins, gramicidins, polyene tshuaj.
pab pawg tshuaj tua kab mob
Kab mob kab mob yog kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, uas yuav tsum tau xaiv ib tus zuj zus rau txhua tus neeg mob.
Kev faib cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog nyob ntawm cov qauv tshuaj. Yog li, ib pab pawg suav nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws, tab sis txawv ntawm qee qhov tawg.
Penicillin pab pawg
Nov yog ib pawg thawj ntawm cov tshuaj tau los ntawm penicillin. Pawg no suav nrog:ntuj benzylpenicillin tsim los ntawm cov kab mob; semi-synthetic tshuaj "Methicillin", "Nafcillin"; Cov tshuaj hluavtaws xws li Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin.
pab pawg no suav nrog lwm cov tshuaj penicillin: Amoxicillin, Oxacillin, Ampicillin, Amoxiclav. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ntau yam kev ua si, muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, tab sis feem ntau ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj.
YCephalosporin pawg
Cephalosporin tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus yog siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov tshuaj penicillin tsis muab cov txiaj ntsig xav tau lossis cov neeg mob muaj kev fab tshuaj.
Cephalosporins yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob thiab muaj peev xwm tua cov kab mob. Muaj ntau ntau tiam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob:
- thawj tiam: Cefalexin, Cephradin, Cefazolin;
- thib ob tiam: Cefsulodin, Cefamandol, Cefuroxime;
- tiam thib peb: Cefotaxime, Cefodizim, Ceftazidime;
- fourth tiam: "Cefpirom".
Qhov txawv ntawm tiam neeg yog nyob rau hauv spectrum ntawm kev ua. Cov tshuaj tsis ntev los no muaj ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab pom tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
YMacrolides
Rau tus kab mob kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm pab pawg macrolide tau sau tseg. Lawv suav hais tias yog qhov kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws txhais tau tias txawm tias cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem siv tau. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg yog: "Azithromycin", "Josamycin",Leukomycin, Rovamycin.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg yog muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Vim tias qhov tshwj xeeb no, macrolides yog siv los kho mycoplasmosis, chlamydia.
Aminoglycosides
Kab mob kab mob yog kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob nrog cov spectrum ntawm kev ua uas tso cai rau koj los rhuav tshem cov kab mob kab mob. Yog li, cov tshuaj ntawm cov pab pawg aminoglycoside zoo tiv thaiv kab mob gram-negative aerobic. Cov tshuaj no yog tshuaj lom thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Lawv raug tshuaj nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus rau kev kho mob ntawm furunculosis, ib tug kab mob ntawm lub genitourinary system. Cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg muaj xws li Gentamicin, Amikacin, Kanamycin.
Tetracycline pawg
Tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus suav nrog kev siv cov pab pawg tetracycline. Nws suav nrog cov tshuaj hluavtaws thiab semi-synthetic, xws li Tetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob tsis zoo. Ntxiv mus, yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, ces cov kab mob yuav tiv taus txhua yam tshuaj ntawm pab pawg.
YFluoroquinolones
Pab pawg no suav nrog cov tshuaj hluavtaws uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj analogue. Txhua fluoroquinolones muab faib ua ob pawg. Thawj suav nrog tshuaj xws li Pefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin. Cov pab pawg thib ob suav nrog Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin.
Fluoroquinolones feem ntau yog siv los khoCov kab mob ua pa, ENT kab mob.
Lwm pab pawg
Thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob dab tsi tseem tuaj yeem sau rau tus kab mob? Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, muaj cov pab pawg hauv qab no:
- Y Lincosamides. Nws suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj Lincomycin thiab nws cov derivative Clindamycin. Cov nyhuv ua tiav yog nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj.
- Carbapenems. Cov tshuaj niaj hnub uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntau yam kab mob. Kev npaj ntawm pab pawg no yog khaws cia cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab siv rau cov teeb meem nyuaj thaum lwm cov tshuaj tsis zoo. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg yog "Imipenem", "Ertapenem"
- Hauv ib pab pawg cais faib cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau tubercle bacillus. Cov no suav nrog: "Rifampicin", "Isoniazid" thiab lwm yam.
- Kev kho cov kab mob fungal, siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob tua kab mob: Nystatin, Fluconazole.
Daim ntawv thov
Thaum xaiv txoj kev kho mob, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj tua kab mob twg kho tus kab mob no zoo tshaj plaws. Tom qab ntawd, daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj, lub tswvyim ntawm daim ntawv thov yog txiav txim. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm tshuaj muaj xws li:
- Qhov ncauj txoj kev. Qhia kom noj tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm qhov ncauj. Noj cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, tsiav tshuaj, syrup, hmoov. Qhov zaus ntawm kev tswj hwm yog nyob ntawm cov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, penicillins yog siv plaub zaug ib hnub twg, ib ntsiav tshuaj, thiab "Azithromycin" - ib ntsiav tshuaj ib hnub twg. Txhua yam tshuaj muaj nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev noj: thaum lub sij hawm los yog tom qab noj mov, ua ntej noj mov. Nws nyob ntawm kev siv kom raug.qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj, qhov hnyav ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob hauv daim ntawv syrup. Qhov no yog vim tias nws yooj yim dua rau lawv noj cov kua dej ntau dua li cov ntsiav tshuaj lossis tshuaj ntsiav.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj. Cov tshuaj yog nquag nquag thaum muab intramuscularly los yog intravenously. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev yog qhov mob ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Txoj kev tswj hwm no yog siv rau cov kab mob hnyav thiab nruab nrab.
- siv hauv zos. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj pleev, gels, cream npaj rau kev siv tshuaj pleev ib ce. Txoj kev no yog siv los xa cov tshuaj nquag ncaj qha mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis cov mucous membranes. Kev kho mob hauv zos yog siv rau hauv ophthalmology, dermatology.
Yuav tshuaj tua kab mob dab tsi rau tus kab mob kis rau tus neeg mob, tsuas yog tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab. Nws kuj txiav txim siab txog cov txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv thov, coj mus rau hauv tus account theem ntawm kev nqus, qhov dav dav ntawm tus neeg mob. Qee cov tshuaj tsuas muab ib txoj kev xwb.
Drug rhiab heev
Txhua yam kab mob tau siv rau txhua yam mob, thiab cov kab mob tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Nrog rau lub sij hawm raug rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov kab mob ua kom tsis haum. Vim qhov no feature, lub tswvyim ntawm sustainability tau qhia.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj yog raws li kev paub ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog cov kab mob rhiab heev rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, cov kws kho mob xaiv cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob uas ua rau cov kab mob pathology. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau ua tiavkev tsom xam los txheeb xyuas qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov kab mob rau cov tshuaj, nws yuav siv sij hawm ob peb hnub, thiab lub sijhawm no tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj, mus txog rau kev tuag. Yuav kom tsis txhob nkim sij hawm, cov kws kho mob xaiv cov tshuaj uas coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev kis mob hauv cheeb tsam. Cov tshuaj dav dav feem ntau yog siv.
Thaum qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam tau npaj tiav thiab cov kab mob tau paub, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj mus rau qhov zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov cov tshuaj tau ua yog tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hnub thib peb ntawm kev kho.
Cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig
Puas tsim nyog noj tshuaj tua kab mob thiab puas pab tau? Nrog rau cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob fungal, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau noj tshuaj antimicrobial. Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev kom tshem tau cov kab mob.
Muaj cov kab mob uas muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lawv suav hais tias yog opportunistic pathogens. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qee yam mob, cov kab mob "tsis muaj teeb meem" no dhau los ua tus kab mob. Ib qho piv txwv yog kev nkag mus ntawm E. coli rau hauv prostate los ntawm txoj hlab zis.
cawv thiab tshuaj tua kab mob
Thaum noj cawv thiab tshuaj tua kab mob tib lub sijhawm, lub siab ntawm lub siab nce ntxiv. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov dej cawv uas muaj cawv hauv cov ntshav ua rau lub siab muaj zog - nws tsis muaj sijhawm los ua kom tsis muaj cawv. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim cov tsos mob tsis zoo xws li xeev siab, plab zom mov, thiab ntuav yog nce.
Qee yam tshuaj cuam tshuam nrog cawv. Cov no suav nrog Metronidazole, Levomycetin thiab lwm yam. Kev siv cawv thiab tshuaj tua kab mob zoo sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau qaug dab peg, ua tsis taus pa thiab txawm tuag.
