Txoj kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv gynecology yog gynecological smear ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Rau kev tshawb fawb, tso zis ntawm cov zis, qhov chaw mos mucosa thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kawm txog cov kab mob pathogenic microflora ntawm lub genitourinary system thiab ntsuas nws tus mob.
Ib smear ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog coj los ntawm gynecologist ntawm txhua tus poj niam mus ntsib thiab thaum kuaj kev tiv thaiv. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau txoj kev tshawb no yog kev tsis txaus siab ntawm qhov mob hauv plab hauv plab, tsis xis nyob thiab kub hnyiab hauv qhov chaw mos, tso tawm ntau dhau, qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Thaum npaj cev xeeb tub, tom qab kawm txog kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob, nws tseem pom zoo kom ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no.
Yuav ua li cas yog gynecological smear coj? Xav paub ntau ntxiv tom qab.
Txoj cai noj swab rau flora
Txhawm rau nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem, qee yam yuav tsum tau ua raws:
- ob peb hnub ua ntej txoj kev kawm kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib deev;
- tsis txhob siv qhov chaw mos suppositories, lubricants thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias tsisdouche thiab txwv koj tus kheej kom da dej, tsis kam da dej;
- mus ntsib kws kho mob gynecologist, xaiv lub sijhawm ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws thaum tsis muaj los ntshav.
Nyob rau hnub uas mus ntsib kws kho mob gynecologist, lub genitalia sab nraud raug ntxuav nrog xab npum, lwm yam tshuaj ntxuav tes tsis suav nrog. Nws tsis pom zoo kom tso zis hauv 2-3 teev ua ntej kuaj.
Ib smear rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog noj nrog cov cuab yeej tsis muaj menyuam (spatula, forceps lossis tweezers) los ntawm peb qhov chaw: lub tsev menyuam kwj dej, phab ntsa ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab qhov tso zis.
Cov txheej txheem rau kev smears yog ib qho kev kho mob ntawm tus kws kho mob gynecologist, raws li txoj cai, nws tsis mob kiag li. Nws kuj tso cai rau koj los tswj kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev kho mob.
Gynecological smear rau flora: tus qauv thiab kev sib txawv ntawm nws
95% ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov poj niam noj qab haus huv qhov chaw mos yog lactobacilli, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov lactic acid, uas yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj cov acidity uas xav tau, uas tiv thaiv cov kab mob genitourinary ntawm cov poj niam los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm lub cev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua smear rau ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, vim tias cov lactobacilli txo qis thaum cev xeeb tub, uas txo cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev thiab, vim li ntawd, ua rau muaj kab mob ntau zaus.
Nquag, microflora ntawm lub genitourinary system, ntxiv rau lactobacilli, muaj me me ntawm lwm yam kab mob, xws li gardnerella thiab candida. Vim yog qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev qaug zog, kev ntxhov siab, kev xeeb tublos yog ntau yam kab mob, gardnerella thiab candida tuaj yeem ua rau lawv cov kev loj hlob sai, uas yuav ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm gardnerellosis thiab candidiasis. Qhov ntawd yog li cas cov ntaub ntawv gyno smear yog.
Ib txwm nyeem smear rau tus poj niam laus yuav yog:
- Tus nqi ntawm squamous epithelium yuav tsum yog 15 lub hlwb ntawm ib qho kev pom. Kev nce ntawm tus lej no qhia tias mob. Kev txo qis yog hais txog kev mob hormonal.
- Kev muaj cov qe ntshav dawb nyob rau hauv ib qho smear yog ib txwm, vim qhov no qhia tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tab sis lawv yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 10 nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mos thiab urethra thiab tsis pub tshaj 30 nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam.
- Ib tug poj niam yuav tsum muaj Dederlein lo rau hauv smear, thiab ntau. Yog tias muaj ob peb ntawm cov lactobacilli, ces, feem ntau yuav, microflora cuam tshuam.
- Muaj me me hauv cov smear tau txais.
Yog tias Candida fungi, me rods, cocci, Trichomonas, gonococci muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam, ces feem ntau yuav muaj tus kab mob. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev tshawb nrhiav yuav tsum tob dua thiab yuav tsum tau kho.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm flora
Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob tau qhia txog kab lus luv luv thiab siv cov ntawv Latin los qhia cov ntsuas ntsuas.
Piv txwv li, swab sampling qhov chaw raug xaiv raws li hauv qab no:
- V - vagina - Latin rau "vagina".
- U - uretra - urethra.
- C los ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam - cervical canal.
- L - leukocytes yog cov qe ntshav dawb, lawv qhov kev nce ntxiv qhia tias muajinflammatory txheej txheem.
- Gn – gonococcus.
- "Pl. Ep." - tiaj tus epithelium.
- Trich - Trichomonas.
Qhov muaj cov hnoos qeev hauv cov smear yog qhov qhia tseem ceeb ntawm pH ntawm qhov chaw mos ib puag ncig. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho zaj dab neeg ntawm smear.
Tus nqi ntawm ib tsob ntoo tshwj xeeb yog qhia los ntawm "+" kos npe.
muaj 4 pawg hauv tag nrho:
- "+" - tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis tseem ceeb;
- "++" - tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas yog nruab nrab;
- "+++" - nce tus nqi ntawm qhov taw qhia;
- "++++" - tus nqi ntau tshaj (ntau tshaj).
- "abs" - "tsis muaj" - yog sau nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov ntsuas.
coccal flora hauv smear yog dab tsi?
Cov kab mob hauv daim ntawv pob hu ua cocci. Feem ntau, ib cocci pom nyob rau hauv smears. Nrog rau qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv, tus nqi ntawm coccobacillary flora hauv smears nce. Cocci muab faib ua gr+ (zoo) thiab gr- (tsis zoo) Xav txog lawv qhov sib txawv.
Nyob rau hauv microbiology, rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov kab mob, ntxiv rau kev qhia lawv cov duab, qhov loj me thiab lwm yam ntxwv, kuj tseem muaj "Gram stain" txoj kev. Smears raug rau kev npaj tshwj xeeb staining. Cov kab mob uas nyob twj ywm tom qab ntxuav cov smear yog hu ua gram-positive (gr +), discolored thaum ntxuav - gram-negative (gr-). Cov kab mob gram-zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog, piv txwv li, staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, thiab lactobacilli. Proteus, gonococci thiab E. coli yog Gram negative.
Smear atcev xeeb tub
Kev kuaj Pap ua li cas rau tus poj niam cev xeeb tub?
Lub sijhawm no, nws tsim cov tshuaj hormone progesterone ntau, uas ua rau muaj kev nce hauv lactobacilli (qee zaum txog 10 zaug). Yog li, xwm nws tus kheej tiv thaiv tus menyuam hauv plab los ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Yog li ntawd, thaum npaj ib tug me nyuam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj inflammatory dab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mos.
Thaum sau npe rau cev xeeb tub, txhua tus poj niam siv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Txhawm rau ntsuam xyuas lub xeev ntawm microflora hauv gynecology, lub sij hawm "lub degree ntawm purity ntawm qhov chaw mos" yog siv. Ib tug poj niam yuav tsum paub thiab tswj nws thaum cev xeeb tub, rau qhov no, ntawm 30 thiab 38 lub lis piam, qhov thib ob smear ntawm cov nroj tsuag tiav.
Vaginal purity ntau ntau
Gynecologists paub qhov txawv ntawm plaub qib ntawm kev huv ntawm qhov chaw mos:
- Degree 1 - tus poj niam noj qab nyob zoo. Cov microflora yog sawv cev los ntawm 95% lactobacilli, tej zaum yuav muaj ib leeg epithelial hlwb thiab leukocytes.
- Thaum 2nd degree ntawm purity, me me ntawm cov kab mob kis tau zoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov smear.
- 3rd degree ntawm purity yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau tus kab mob kis tau zoo dua li Doderlein sticks.
- 4th degree ntawm purity: muaj ntau cov leukocytes, epithelium thiab lwm yam kab mob flora nyob rau hauv smear. Lactobacilli muaj tsawg lossis tsis tuaj.
Rau qib 1 thiab thib 2 ntawm kev purity, ib puag ncig cov kua qaub yog cov yam ntxwv, thiab ntawm 3-4th pH nws hloov, ua alkaline.
Gynecological smear tsom xam:transcript of results
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm gynecological smear tso cai rau koj kom paub meej ntxiv kuaj kab mob thiab txhim kho txoj kab kev kho kom raug.
Piv txwv li, ntau cov leukocytes thiab epithelium dhau los ua ib qho cim ntawm tus txheej txheem mob hnyav lossis mob ntev. Kev kuaj pom cov hnoos qeev hauv cov zis, uas tsis muaj nyob hauv lub xeev ib txwm muaj, yuav qhia tau tias mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov zis.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau tus cocci nyob rau hauv ib qho smear kuj qhia tias muaj cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw mos, qhov txo qis hauv qhov chaw mos. Feem ntau, tsis muaj coccal flora nyob rau hauv lub urethra, thiab tsuas yog ib qho xwb tso cai rau hauv qhov chaw mos.
Thaum pom tus kab mob gonococcus hauv cov smear, tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom tus kab mob gonorrhea. Lub xub ntiag ntawm gardnerella thiab trichomonas qhia tias muaj tus kab mob gardnerellosis thiab trichomoniasis hauv ib tug poj niam. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qib purity thiab dysbiosis kuj tau qhia los ntawm kev nce ntawm cov fungi ntawm genus Candida, uas, raws li txoj cai, yog nrog los ntawm ib tug me me ntawm Doderlein sticks.
Muab tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem hais tias gynecological smear microscopy qhia lub xeev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary thiab nws cov kab mob ntev.
