Tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus: ib daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj zoo

Cov txheej txheem:

Tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus: ib daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj zoo
Tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus: ib daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj zoo

Video: Tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus: ib daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj zoo

Video: Tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus: ib daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj zoo
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

mob ntsws yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai thiab tsis txaus ntseeg uas ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau yam. Cov kab mob pathology yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus kab mob kis tau zoo thiab cov txheej txheem inflammatory uas tshwm sim hauv qhov ua pa qis, cuam tshuam rau bronchioles thiab alveoli. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem hla tus neeg mob ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj ntau dua hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev kho yog pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum muaj kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Tib yam tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus, cov tshuaj no suav hais tias yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws vim tias:

  • easy coj;
  • effect txaus.

Nws yog txwv tsis pub xaiv cov tshuaj ntawm koj tus kheej, vim tias cov kev ua ub ua no tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau mob hnyav, tab sis kujtuag.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho kab mob

Yuav tshuaj tua kab mob dab tsi rau kev mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus hauv txhua kis, tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm cov neeg mob thiab kev kuaj mob. Nws paub tias tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob. Tab sis qhov ua rau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology tuaj yeem yog ntau yam kab mob:

  • Pneumococci. Hauv ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob, cov kab mob no tau kuaj pom.
  • Staphylococci. Pom tau hauv 5% ntawm cov neeg mob.
  • Hemophilus influenzae. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj qhia nws hauv 6-7% ntawm cov neeg mob.
  • Enterobacteria thiab mycoplasma. Pom nyob rau hauv 6% ntawm cov neeg mob.

Streptococci, Legionella thiab E. coli tuaj yeem ua rau. Cov kab mob zoo sib xws muaj nyob hauv 2-4% ntawm cov neeg mob.

Nyob rau hauv qhov no, tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb xwb thiaj tuaj yeem qhia tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, vim tias lawv txhua tus muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws rau kev mob ntsws
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws rau kev mob ntsws

Risk Factor

mob ntsws rau tus neeg laus tsis yog tshwm sim xwb. Cov feem pheej hmoo txaus ntshai yog:

  • kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog.
  • Kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus, thaum tsis muaj nqaij zoo, ntses tshiab, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv kev noj haus.
  • Nyob nyuaj siab.

Feem ntau provoke qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology ntawm mob khaub thuas. Qhov tshwm sim yog mob ntevkev tsom mus rau kis kab mob uas txhawb kev tsim cov kab mob microorganisms. Kev haus dej cawv thiab kev haus luam yeeb kuj suav tias yog qhov muaj feem pheej hmoo.

Ntau hom kab mob

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus tuaj yeem ua rau rov zoo nyob ntawm tus kab mob etiology. Raws li kev kho mob terminology, hom mob ntsws muaj raws li nram no:

  • viral;
  • kab mob;
  • fungal;
  • mycoplasma;
  • mixed.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws kho mob tau sau cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsim nyog. Feem ntau pathology yog mob ntsws ntsws hauv tsev kho mob. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv tus neeg mob tsis pub dhau peb hnub tom qab nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob. Cov kab mob microorganisms nyob rau hauv qhov ua pa qis, nkag mus rau hauv nasopharynx thiab plab hnyuv.

Nyob ntawm chav kawm, cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm kev mob ntsws:

  • ntsim;
  • atypical;
  • mob.

Tsis tas li ntawd, mob ntsws yog muab faib ua sab xis, sab laug thiab ob sab. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem mob me lossis hnyav hauv qib.

Cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws
Cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws

Tshuaj tua kab mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus: npe, npe

Lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho mob ntsws ntsws yuav tsum yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Tab sis kev xaiv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob pathogenic microorganisms uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhim kho pathology. Pulmonologists siv hom tshuaj hauv qab no hauv lawv qhov kev coj ua:

  • Penicillins. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si hluavtaws thiab ntuj tsim. Siv rau pneumococcal thiabkab mob staph.
  • Tetracyclines. Muaj peev xwm tua tau ntau yam kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob.
  • YCephalosporins. Zoo tiv thaiv kab mob Gram-negative thiab E. coli.
  • YFluoroquinolones. Cov kws kho mob tau sau ntawv rau lawv rau kab mob ntsws.
  • YMacrolides. Yog hais tias mob ntsws yog provoked los ntawm mycoplasma, nrog kev pab los ntawm hom tshuaj no koj tuaj yeem ceev ceev cov txheej txheem inflammatory.

Ib tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus tuaj yeem raug tshuaj los ntawm kws kho mob pulmonologist raws li kev kuaj mob. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau noj nyob rau ib ntus, nruj me ntsis raws li cov lus pom zoo, thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau cov chav kawm.

Txawm hais tias qhov hnyav ntawm chav kawm, thawj hnub ntawm kev txhim kho pathology, tus neeg mob tau muab tshuaj rau lub txaj so. Tom ntej no, xav txog cov tshuaj tua kab mob nto moo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj los ntawm hom tau piav qhia saum toj no.

Penicillin series

Penicillin tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau pom zoo rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus. Cov npe ntawm cov npe nrov yog raws li hauv qab no:

  • "Amoxicillin";
  • "Ampicillin";
  • Y"Amoxiclav".

"Amoxicillin" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj yog muab peb zaug ib hnub twg. Qhov koob tshuaj rau cov neeg laus feem ntau yog 500 mg. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm pathology, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem nce mus rau 1 g. Ampicillin muaj cov lus qhia zoo sib xws rau kev siv.

"Amoxiclav" yog tsim los ntawm ob cov khoom xyaw nquag thiab muaj cov khoom siv hluavtaws ua penicillin amoxicillin, nrog rau clavulanic acid. Cov koob tshuaj tau muab tshuaj nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau pom zoo kom noj 250 mg ntawm qhov ncauj ob lossis peb zaug hauv ib hnub.

Duab "Amoxiclav" rau mob ntsws
Duab "Amoxiclav" rau mob ntsws

Cephalosporin kab

Yog tias tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm Escherichia coli los yog kab mob Gram-negative, ces tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm qeb ntawm cephalosporins raug tshuaj rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus. Cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj muaj raws li hauv qab no:

  • "Cephalexin";
  • Cefepim.

"Cephalexin" muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj txheem, nrog rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsiav. Cov tshuaj tau sau tseg 30 feeb ua ntej noj mov, 0.25-0.5 g txhua 6 teev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau noj tshuaj tsawg kawg yog plaub zaug hauv ib hnub. Cefepime yog qhia rau mob ntsws me mus rau nruab nrab. Txhawm rau kho, cov kws kho mob tau sau txog li 1 g ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ib zaug. Nruab nrab ntawm kev siv cov ntsiav tshuaj yuav tsum dhau 12 teev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov koob tshuaj tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob pulmonologist txog 2 g yog tias tus neeg mob mob hnyav.

Tshuaj tua kab mob los kho mob ntsws
Tshuaj tua kab mob los kho mob ntsws

Macrolide thiab tetracycline ntsiav tshuaj

Tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev kho mob ntsws ntsws hauv cov neeg laus (cov ntsiav tshuaj) yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li hom kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob. Tetracyclines tsis tshua muaj tshuaj. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb los ntawm qhov tseeb tias hom tshuaj tua kab mob no khaws cia hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev. Yog li, nws provokes ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev phiv. Ntawm cov tshuaj feem ntau xav tau yog:

  • "Doxycycline";
  • Tetracycline.

"Tetracycline"kws kho mob tau sau 0.5 g plaub zaug ib hnub twg. Kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua tsawg kawg ib lub lis piam.

"Doxycycline" kuj yog siv los kho mob ntsws. Qhov ntau npaum li cas yog 600 mg. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob tsuas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kws kho mob raws li kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab nyab xeeb tshaj plaws rau kev mob ntsws ntsws hauv cov neeg laus los ntawm qeb ntawm macrolides. Cov kws kho mob paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv:

  • "Sumamed";
  • Erythromycin;
  • YClarithromycin.

"Sumamed" yooj yim siv vim tias koj yuav tsum haus ib ntsiav tshuaj ib hnub nkaus xwb, muaj 500 mg ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev kho mob kuj yog luv luv. Yog tias cov kab mob tshwm sim yam tsis muaj teeb meem, ces qhov kev kho mob feem ntau yog 3-5 hnub.

Duab "Sumamed" tiv thaiv mob ntsws
Duab "Sumamed" tiv thaiv mob ntsws

"Erythromycin" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj yog muab plaub zaug ib hnub twg ntawm ib koob ntawm 250 mg.

Tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev kho mob ntsws ntsws hauv cov neeg laus muaj ntau yam. Ntau tus nyiam qhov kev teem sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau siv rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Yog li, "Clarithromycin" yuav tsum tau noj thaum nruab hnub tsuas yog ob zaug. Cov txheej txheem no haum rau ntau tus neeg mob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws kho mob pulmonologists tuaj yeem sau cov tshuaj rau tus neeg mob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov hlab ntsha.

Yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv loj, cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg laus. Cov npe saum toj no twb tau hnov los ntawm ntau, vim hais tias lawv ua tau zoo, tab sis lawv ua maj mam thiab sai.

SivCov tshuaj fluoroquinolones

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus (cov tshuaj) yuav pab tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem kis tau zoo, nyob ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob. Yog hais tias tus kab mob no provoked los ntawm legionella los yog E. coli, ces fluoroquinolones raug tshuaj. Hom tshuaj tua kab mob no muaj nws tus kheej zoo. Lawv nkag mus tob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg puas, thaum lawv tsis ua rau cov kab mob tiv thaiv rau lawv.

Yuav tshuaj tua kab mob dab tsi rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus? Cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm qeb ntawm fluoroquinolones yog raws li nram no:

  • Ofloxacin. Muab ob zaug ib hnub twg los ntawm 200 mus rau 800 mg.
  • Y "Ciprofloxacin". Nws raug nquahu kom noj ob zaug ib hnub ntawm 250 txog 500 mg.

Cov kev kho mob yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob pulmonologist ib leeg hauv txhua kis. Qhov nruab nrab, kev kho mob rau mob ntsws me me yuav siv sij hawm ib mus rau ob lub lis piam.

Kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob

Tshuaj tua kab mob rau mob ntsws rau cov neeg laus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv loj heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb raws li kev kuaj pom tseeb tau koom nrog lawv lub sijhawm teem tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj yog qhov uas txawm tias muaj kev tswj hwm zoo, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau:

  • digestive ntshawv siab;
  • tshuaj tsis haum.

Vim qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob cuam tshuam rau lub ntuj tsim, cov poj niam feem ntau ntsib qhov chaw mos candidiasis hauv lub cev. Cov neeg mob ntawm ob qho tib si poj niam txiv neej tuaj yeem txhim kho:

  • kev tsis haum;
  • neurotoxictsos mob;
  • anaphylactic poob siab.

Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm cov teeb meem yog cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj penicillin, nrog rau cephalosporins thiab macrolides. Yog li ntawd, pulmonologists feem ntau sau cov tshuaj no.

Contraindications rau tshuaj tua kab mob

Yog tus neeg mob muaj ib tus neeg intolerance rau ib yam tshuaj, ces qhov no yog ib tug ncaj qha contraindication rau nws teem caij. Tsis tas li, ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob raug txwv thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg mob uas muaj mob ntsws zoo li no kuj xav tau kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws kho mob xaiv rau tus poj niam cov tshuaj maj mam tshaj plaws ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev. Raws li qib kev phom sij lawv raug cais raws li pawg B.

Kev kuaj mob ntsws

Kev txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj tua kab mob twg yuav haus rau cov neeg laus uas muaj mob ntsws, tus kws kho mob ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntxaws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tus kws tshaj lij siv cov hauv qab no:

  • tshuaj ntsuam;
  • mloog lub ntsws nrog lub stethoscope;
  • ntsuas lub cev kub;
  • sputum tsom xam;
  • kuaj ntshav dav dav thiab biochemical;
  • x-ray.

X-ray yog suav tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev kuaj mob. Kev ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau ua ncaj qha, qee zaum - lateral projection. Txoj kev no tso cai rau tus kws kho mob kom kuaj xyuas kom raug, kwv yees tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, sau ntawv kho kom zoo thiab ntsuas nws cov txiaj ntsig. Yog li, x-ray ntawm lub ntsws nrog mob ntswstuav ntau zaus.

Nyob ntawm seb qhov mob hnyav npaum li cas, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no:

  • bronchoscopy;
  • tomography.

Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab tus kab mob ntsws thiab mob ntsws cancer. Kev soj ntsuam kua pleural kuj tseem raug txiav txim.

Cov tsos mob tsis txaus ntseeg

Txawm tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws rau kev mob ntsws ntsws hauv cov neeg laus tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho tus mob tshwj tsis yog kuaj pom tseeb. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog:

  • lub cev kub;
  • hnoos qhuav qhuav;
  • mob plab.

Thaum qhov mob hnyav zuj zus, tus neeg mob yws yws ntawm qhov tsis muaj cua, ntxhov siab ntau dhau, mob nqaij thiab qaug zog. Qee zaum cov ntsia hlau xiav thiab daim di ncauj tau kho.

Txawm hais tias muaj cov tsos mob sib xws, mob ntsws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau hom kab mob. Tsuas yog kev sim kuaj yuav pab tsim kom muaj lawv cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev mob ntsws, koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev qhia ntawm tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntawm koj tus kheej kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem loj thiab tuag.

Yog tias tus kws kho mob kuaj pom mob ntsws, ces kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob yuav yog qhov kev txiav txim siab nkaus xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob nyuaj yog tsim nyog. Rau qhov no, pulmonologist muab tshuaj expectorant thiab antipyretic. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev, cov vitamin complexes yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vitamins xws li C, A thiab pawg B.

Tau kawg, kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ua rauntau yam teeb meem. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tsos mob tsis zoo, probiotics thiab prebiotics tuaj yeem raug sau tseg. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm plab hnyuv microflora. Homeopathy kuj tseem cuam tshuam, tab sis tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau cov tshuaj no raws li tus neeg mob tus mob thiab nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev.

Yuav ua li cas kho mob ntsws
Yuav ua li cas kho mob ntsws

Yuav xaiv tshuaj tua kab mob li cas

Tshuaj tua kab mob hauv kev kho mob ntsws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob. Kev xaiv ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj zoo sib xws yog tsim los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus neeg mob thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob, kab mob kab mob ntawm cov hnoos qeev.

Tsuas yog tom qab tus neeg sawv cev ua rau tus kab mob tau txiav txim siab, nws tuaj yeem kuaj nws qhov rhiab heev rau qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob.

Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau tus neeg mob tus mob yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej txheeb xyuas tus kab mob, tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj tua kab mob, ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus no:

  • Kev siv cov ntsiav tshuaj dav dav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov koob tshuaj yog xam nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas muaj ib tug tas li concentration ntawm cov active ingredient nyob rau hauv cov ntshav.
  • Yog tias kuaj pom SARS, cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas muaj clarithromycin tseem xav tau. Sumamed suav hais tias yog tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws.

Zoo kawg

Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias tus kab mob no txaus ntshai thiab, yog tias tsis kho kom raug, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hnyav thiab tuag taus. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog tsim nyog thiab tsim nyog. Tsis txhob tso tseg vim muaj kev phiv tshwm sim. Txwv tsis pub, tus kab mob no kho tsis tau. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev kho kom zoo yog ua raws li kev noj tshuaj thiab kev kho mob pom zoo los ntawm tus kws kho mob.

Pom zoo: