Lub cev kev sib txuas ntawm tus neeg yog cov kabmob uas tsim lub plhaub sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm nws lub cev. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg lub cev muaj ib qho kev xav tsis thoob.
Tib neeg txoj kev sib koom ua ke: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm
Daim tawv nqaij yog txheej txheej ntawm lub cev uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ya raws, kab mob thiab kev poob siab. Nws thaj chaw nruab nrab yog 1.7 m 2. Cov tawv nqaij tsis yog tsuas yog ciam teb ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv ib puag ncig, nws yog lub cev tag nrho. Tib neeg lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ncaj qha nyob ntawm nws txoj haujlwm zoo.
Skin structure
Lub epidermis yog thawj txheej txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws muaj stratified epithelium. Cov hlwb ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub epithelium yog tas li faib thiab sib faib, thaum lub hlwb ntawm sab nrauv ua keratinized thiab poob tawm. Cov txheej txheem no txuas ntxiv mus, ua rau kev rov ua tiav ntawm stratum corneum txhua lub lim tiam. Cov xim melanin los ntawm txheej sab hauv ntawm lub epidermis txiav txim siab xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Lub epidermis ciam teb rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog nyias phaj - hauv qab daus daim nyias nyias. Cov txheej txheej papillary txheej pom pom protrusions thiab grooves ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ntawm no yog qhov qhib ntawm cov qog, los ntawm cov hws ntws raws grooves thiab moisturizes ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws yog nrog kev pab los ntawm dermis uas tib neeg integumentary system tsim rau ntawm xib teg thiabob txhais taw muaj ib tug qauv uas tsis rov los yog hloov raws sij hawm.
Cov txheej mesh, muaj cov pob ntawm elastic, collagen thiab cov leeg nqaij fibers, yog lub luag haujlwm rau elastic, elastic thiab ntom tawv nqaij. Cov txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij no muaj cov hauv paus plaub hau thiab qog (sebaceous thiab hws).
Subcutaneous puag - xoob cov ntaub so ntswg nrog cov rog rog. Lawv qhov ntim nyob ntawm ntau yam:
- hnub;
- gender;
- lub cev nta;
- lifestyle;
- khoom noj;
- kev ua lub cev.
Cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous nrog cov ntaub so ntswg adipose tsis ua kom sov tau zoo, yog li cov neeg nyias nyias tau txias ntau dua li tag nrho.
zais zais zais
hws, mammary thiab qog sebaceous yog cov khoom siv ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lub kaw lus integumentary tuaj yeem muaj txog 3 lab hws qog! Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, lawv tsim me ntsis ntau tshaj li ib nrab ib liter ntawm hws, nyob rau hauv siab sab nraud kub los yog active lub cev ua hauj lwm - mus txog rau 3. Dej ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov hws (98%), qhov seem 2% yog ammonia, urea, ntsev, uric acid, thiab lwm yam.
Cov qog sebaceous tau faib rau yuav luag tag nrho lub cev ntawm tib neeg lub cev, tshwj tsis yog rau ob txhais taw thiab xib teg. Lawv cov concentration yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub taub hau. Cov ducts nqa sebum, uas muaj wax, rog thiab hydrocarbon, ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov hauv paus plaub hau.
rau tes thiab plaub hau
Nails yog cov hlwb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov epidermis, tsim rau hauv lub phaj tawv uas tiv thaiv qhov kawg ntawm cov ntiv tes thiab cov ntiv taw. Lawv loj hlob qeeb, thiab qhov nrawm tsis hloov mus thoob lub neej. Cov xim liab dawb ntawm tus ntsia thawv qhia nws cov khoom noj kom zoo thiab cov ntshav txaus. Thaum hloov xim, koj yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas koj cov zaub mov txhua hnub, ua kom nws muaj cov vitamins thiab minerals.
Cov plaub hau npog qhov chaw tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg lub cev nrog keratinized fibers ntawm epidermal hlwb. Cov plaub hau yog tsim los ntawm medulla, cortex, thiab sheath. Cov txheej cortical muaj cov xim uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov plaub hau. Cov hauv paus plaub hau uas muaj cov hauv paus hniav yog faus tob rau hauv dermis. Tag nrho cov hauv paus plaub hau yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev menyuam. Cov qij tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej tsis tsim. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov plaub hau kev loj hlob yog undulating. Cov theem ntawm active kev loj hlob yog hloov los ntawm so, thiab vice versa. Qhov nruab nrab tib neeg cov plaub hau loj hlob yog 0.1-0.3 hli ib hnub.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab nws cov derivatives
Qhov no yog qhov chaw receptors lub luag haujlwm rau kov thiab lwm yam haujlwm teb nyob.
- Kev tiv thaiv yog thawj zaug thiab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas tag nrho tib neeg cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm. Lub cev raug kaw los ntawm ib qho kev cuam tshuam sab nraud los ntawm daim thaiv kev ruaj ntseg. Cov hlab ntsha xaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij ceeb toom txog kev phom sij. Nws yog lawv uas ua rau peb rub peb txhais tes rov qab tom qab kov cov dej npau npau. Mechanoreceptors yog rhiab heev rau kov, siab thiab kev co. Thermoreceptors tiv thaiv peb ntawm hypothermia thiab frostbite. Nocireceptors yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov mob. Cov ntaub so ntswg adipose tiv thaiv cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Melanin tsim nyob rau hauv basal txheejdaim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb, tiv thaiv lub deepest qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias. Kev tswj xyuas lub cev kom zoo yog ua los ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntau txoj hauv kev: tawm hws, constriction thiab nthuav cov hlab ntsha, tsub zuj zuj ntawm rog txheej, goosebumps.
- Absorption. Integumentary system muaj peev xwm nqus dej noo. Ntau yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm molecules nkag mus rau hauv lub epidermis thiab los ntawm cov hlab ntsha nkag mus rau tib neeg cov ntshav. Ua tsaug rau lub sijhawm no, ib tus neeg siv cov tshuaj nplaum, gels, qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, balms.
- Xaiv. Feem ntau lub cev urgently yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm pliaj tshuaj, tib neeg integumentary system pab nws nyob rau hauv no. Cov kab mob secretory muaj peev xwm tshem tawm lawv ntawm lub cev mus rau saum npoo ntawm epidermis nrog rau hws. Thiab sebum, secreted los ntawm cov qog sebaceous, moisturizes, lubricates ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau, tuav nws noj qab haus huv tsos.
- Kev tsim cov vitamin D. Nws yog tsim thaum daim tawv nqaij raug tshav ntuj, nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Vitamin D yog tsim nyog rau lub cev los tswj cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev pob txha. Nws pab calcium kom nqus tau nyob rau hauv lub cev raws li tus nqi. Cov pob txha muaj zog yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev noj qab haus huv.
Human integumentary system - hnub nyoog nta
Qhov pom pom muaj hnub nyoog ntsig txog ntawm tus neeg yog kev hloov xim plaub hau rau lub teeb. Qhov no yog vim muaj hnub nyoog, cov hauv paus plaub hau tsim melanin tsawg. Cov plaub hau ua ntejnpog ntawm lub tuam tsev, maj mam grey plaub hau kis mus rau tag nrho lub taub hau, ces thoob plaws lub cev. Tsis muaj tshuaj, vitamins, tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem tso tseg cov txheej txheem yog tias nws twb tau khiav lawm.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, cov ntsia hlau zoo li hloov pauv ntau. Lawv poob lawv cov pob tshab thiab elasticity, ua nyuaj, nkig thiab npub.
Tom qab 30, txhua yam ntawm daim tawv nqaij hloov pauv:
- elastic fibers tawg;
- pom dryness, zoo li nruj;
- wrinkles tau ntxaum thiab pom ntau dua;
- daim tawv nqaij nyias nyias thiab khaus khaus.
Lub cev tsis sib xws tsis hloov tam sim ntawd, nws yog txheej txheem physiological ntev uas hloov tsis tau. Koj tuaj yeem nres nws qhov tshwm sim sab nraud ib ntus los ntawm kev saib xyuas koj cov tawv nqaij:
- zam kev tshav ntuj ncaj qha;
- tsis txhob da dej ntev;
- tsis txhob siv cov hmoov tsis tu ncua, lub hauv paus;
- moisturize lub epidermis nrog cream, tonics, lotions, qhov ncauj qhov ntswg.
Thiab tom qab ntawd koj cov tawv nqaij yuav zoo siab nrog nws cov zaub mov noj qab haus huv thiab nthuav dav mus ntev.
