Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab mob thiab kab mob yog ze rau lub ntsiab lus, tab sis lub ntsiab lus kawg muaj kev txhais dav dua. Tus kab mob yog ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm lub cev physiological. Nyob rau hauv lem, morbidity yog ib tug complex ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm qhov zoo thiab cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob, qhia txog theem thiab zaus ntawm kev sib kis ntawm pathologies. Cov ntsuas no qhia txog qhov xwm txheej hauv lub tebchaws tag nrho, hauv ib cheeb tsam, hauv ib lub hnub nyoog lossis pawg neeg sib raug zoo.
Tus nqi xwm txheej cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam thiab kev sib raug zoo uas tshwm sim hauv ib lub tebchaws. Yog tias lawv sawv, ces peb tuaj yeem xaus tias muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm cov tsev kho mob lossis cov kws tshaj lij hauv lub xeev. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tuag ntawm cov neeg tuag yog qhov tseem ceeb, tsis yog tsuas yog muaj teeb meem hauv zej zog xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev kho mob, lom neeg thiab cov pej xeem.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas ntawm kev mob nkeeg tso cai rau peb los tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tsev kho mob, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv thiab sib cais hauv ib cheeb tsam. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau los npaj cov peev txheej ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog thiab txiav txim siab lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lub tsev kho mob.
Kev faib cov kab mob
ib koom ua keKev kuaj mob thiab kev sau npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nosological paub, uas tau muab faib ua 21 chav kawm thiab 5 pawg. ICD (International Classification of Diseases) qhia txog theem tam sim no ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj. Ua raws li qhov piv txwv ntawm kev teeb tsa ICD, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob tau tsim nyob rau hauv qee ceg ntawm cov tshuaj. Tus txheej txheem yog tshuaj xyuas txhua 10 xyoo txhawm rau coj nws mus rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov ntaub ntawv tau txais lub sijhawm no thiab kev ua tiav hauv kev kho mob science.
Hom mob ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov tsev kho mob
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej yog ua raws li cov ntsuas hauv qab no:
- Qhov tseeb, mob ntshav qab zib, mob ntawm qee yam pathology kuaj pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo tam sim no. Kev suav yog tsim los ntawm kev sib piv cov kab mob tshiab uas tshwm sim rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pejxeem.
- Kev mob los yog mob. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj pom tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tam sim no thiab cov neeg mob rov qab raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Muab xam los ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm txhua qhov kev kuaj pom ntawm qee cov kab mob, rau cov pejxeem rau 1 xyoo.
- Pathological lesions, uas yog, kab mob thiab kab mob uas tau txheeb pom ntawm kev kuaj mob.
- Muaj tseeb tiag. Qhov taw qhia uas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus lej mus ntsib kws kho mob, cov kab mob kuaj pom thaum kuaj mob, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov ua rau tuag.
Kev mob nkeeg los ntawm cov pej xeem contingents
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xwm txheej tau muab cais los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev mob nkeeg nrog ib ntusKev tsis taus, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov poj niam thaum yug menyuam, lwm pawg.
Kev mob nkeeg
Ntawm no yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tau txais cov kab mob ua haujlwm lossis ua xua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob ua haujlwm suav nrog:
- kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev phom sij rau tib neeg;
- kev sib tsoo;
- kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab tsim khoom;
- khoom tsis ua haujlwm;
- tsis muaj chaw huv;
- tsis siv lossis tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tom haujlwm.
Hnub no, hauv peb lub tebchaws, daim duab no tsis tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias raug cais tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv zej zog, vim tias lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo uas yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv sai sai ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, kev ua hauj lwm morbidity tau txo los ntawm 50%. Niaj hnub no, ntawm tag nrho cov teeb meem uas tau txheeb pom, 2/3 yog rau cov kab mob ntev.
Disability morbidity
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, morbidity yog cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg mob ntawm kev ua hauj lwm contingent. Tsis muaj teeb meem yog qhov kev tsis taus yog vim raug mob lossis lwm yam teeb meem.
Rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej no, cov ntsuas hauv qab no tau muab rau hauv tus account:
- tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm rau qee tus neeg hauv ib xyoos;
- ntau hnub ntawm kev poob ib ntusmuaj peev xwm ua haujlwm rau 12 lub hlis;
- ncua sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm 1 rooj plaub;
- qauv kab mob, uas yog, tus naj npawb ntawm kev kho mob rau ib hom kab mob.
Kev mob hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab yug menyuam
Zoo siab txais tos, tab sis cov txheeb cais ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tsuas yog zuj zus zuj zus txhua xyoo, yog qhov teeb meem ceev tshaj plaws rau txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov ntsuas no qhia tsis tau tsuas yog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov poj niam, tab sis kuj yog cov xeeb ntxwv uas yuav nyob tom qab nws.
Qee cov txheeb cais (qhov ntsuas hauv%, piv rau cov poj niam uas twb yug los, cov ntaub ntawv thoob plaws hauv Lavxias):
- qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev txiav cev xeeb tub poob qis me ntsis hauv 2016 - qhov taw qhia ntawm 18.2, hauv 2015 daim duab no yog 19.0;
- cov teeb meem venous hauv 2016 muaj li 5.5%, thiab hauv 2005 tus nqi yog 3.9%;
- pojniam mob ntshav qab zib xyoo 2016 - 3.14%, thiab xyoo 2005 - 0.16%.
Rau cov kab mob ntawm tus kheej, nws twb muaj peev xwm nkag siab meej txog qhov kev taw qhia nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj kev tiv thaiv hauv txhua lub tsev kho mob hauv lub tebchaws.
Mob ntshav qab zib hauv menyuam yaus thiab tsev kawm ntawv
Raws li cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv lub tebchaws tsuas yog hnyav zuj zus. Yog li, txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo no, 32.8 tus neeg mob tus kab mob siab tau kuaj pom ntawm 100,000 tus menyuam hnub nyoog 0 txog 14 xyoos, thiab kab mob plab hnyuv hauv 1,625 tus menyuam. Neoplasmsraug kuaj pom hauv 986 tus menyuam hauv xyoo 2016 thiab tsuas yog 953 tus hauv 2015.
Tsis tas li, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov tub rog, cov kws tshaj lij hauv ntau txoj haujlwm, thiab los ntawm lwm qhov ntsuas.
Yam xwm txheej los ntawm hnub nyoog
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pej xeem raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm hnub nyoog:
- menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv thiab preschool;
- mob khaub thuas hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas;
- hauv cov neeg laus;
- neeg coob dua hnub nyoog ua haujlwm.
Kev txheeb xyuas menyuam yaus muaj hnub nyoog 0 txog 14 xyoo (kev kuaj mob thawj zaug)
| Tim kab mob | ntau tus mob rau 100 txhiab | |
| 2015 | 2016 | |
| mob plab hnyuv | 1380, 5 | 1425, 1 |
| YViral Gnepatitis | 12,0 | 17, 9 |
| Neoplasms | 477, 8 | 475, 6 |
| Anemia | 1295, 5 | 1279, 9 |
| Thyroid disease | 368, 8 | 358, 7 |
| 19, 2 | 21, 1 | |
| mob ntshav qab zib insipidus | 0, 44 | 0, 59 |
| Kev rog | 377, 5 | 367, 4 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0, 17 | 0, 21 |
| Tag nrho hits rau lub sijhawm | 177588, 1 | 179444, 1 |
Kev txheeb cais thoob plaws hauv Lavxias: cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 15 txog 17 xyoo
| Tim kab mob | ntau tus mob rau 100 txhiab | |
| 2015 | 2016 | |
| mob plab hnyuv | 528, 2 | 567, 8 |
| Viral kab mob siab | 68, 6 | 60, 9 |
| Neoplasms | 1032, 4 | 1033, 9 |
| Anemia | 1676, 5 | 1717, 1 |
| Thyroid disease | 3783, 3 | 3736, 8 |
| 268, 7 | 294, 0 | |
| mob ntshav qab zib insipidus | 6,95 | 7,05 |
| Kev rog | 2935, 0 | 3033, 3 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 7, 6 | 8, 8 |
| Tag nrho hits rau lub sijhawm | 224725, 9 | 225630, 6 |
Cov ntaub ntawv rau tag nrho Lavxias Federation, ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pej xeem hnub nyoog 55 xyoos - poj niam, txiv neej tshaj 60:
| Tim kab mob | ntau tus mob rau 100 txhiab | |
| 2015 | 2016 | |
| mob plab hnyuv | 127, 6 | 127, 2 |
| Viral kab mob siab | 442, 0 | 462, |
| Neoplasms | 9197, 0 | 9723, 4 |
| YMalignant neoplasms | 6201, 5 | 6725, 0 |
| Anemia | 732, 5 | 755, 6 |
| Thyroid disease | 3443, 6 | 3538, 3 |
| 8081, 2 | 8405, 0 | |
| mob ntshav qab zib insipidus | 8,91 | 9, 21 |
| Kev rog | 1615, 8 | 1675, 7 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 46, 8 | 50, 9 |
| Tag nrho hits rau lub sijhawm | 202462, 7 | 200371, 2 |
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yog tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov pejxeem. Tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 2015, xyoo tas los qhov ntsuas no txo qis me ntsis hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab thiab cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 14.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias tseem muaj ib pawg neeg uas tsis tau mus ntsib kws kho mob. Raws li Profi Online Research, lub tuam txhab kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej, nws tau pom tias kwv yees li 9% ntawm cov neeg teb tsis tau mus rau cov tsev kho mob kom pab txhua, tab sis tiv nrog txhua yam mob ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Txawm li cas los xij, hais txog qhov xwm txheej tag nrho hauv lub tebchaws, cov lej tsis txaus ntshai. Rau qee cov kab mob, muaj me ntsis, tab sis tseem txo cov neeg mob.
| Tim kab mob | ntau tus mob rau 100 txhiab | |
| 2015 | 2016 | |
| mob plab hnyuv | 418, 3 | 445, 2 |
| Viral kab mob siab | 65, 4 | 64, 2 |
| Neoplasms | 1141, 8 | 1138, 3 |
| Anemia | 433, 9 | 433, 1 |
| Thyroid disease | 357, 7 | 355, 1 |
| 240, 6 | 231,6 | |
| mob ntshav qab zib insipidus | 0, 60 | 0, 61 |
| Kev rog | 350, 5 | 326, 1 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 4,6 | 4,6 |
| Tag nrho hits rau lub sijhawm | 77815, 7 | 78602, 1 |
Kev faib tawm los ntawm pawg thiab cov ntawv nosological
Kev suav nyiaj rau kev mob hnyav yog ua raws li ob daim ntawv txheej txheem:
- daim voucher tus neeg mob sab nraud, daim ntawv No. 025-10/y, uas yog muab rau txhua tus neeg mob uas tuaj rau hauv tsev kho mob.
- Daim ntawv txheeb xyuas ntawm cov tawm hauv tsev kho mob. Daim npav muaj daim ntawv pov thawj - No. 066 / y. Chav ntsuas kev soj ntsuam yog txhua kis ntawm kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob hauv ib lub tsev kho mob.
thawj daim ntawv tso cai rau koj sau npe tus neeg mob thiab yog vim li cas hu rau lub chaw kho mob sab nraud, thiab qhov thib ob hauv tsev kho mob.
Nws yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv no uas kev faib ua pawg lossis cov ntawv nosological tau ua tiav. Cov chav kawm hauv qab no kuj txawv.
Cov cim qhia ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kis kab mob tso cai rau koj los teb sai li sai tau rau kev kis tus kab mob hauv ib cheeb tsam. Kev sau npe ntawm cov neeg mob kis tau ua tsis hais qhov chaw kis kab mob, kev ua pej xeem ntawm tus neeg thov.
Qhov xwm txheej kis kab mob hauv tebchaws RussiaCov kab mob, rau lub sijhawm txij Lub Ib Hlis mus txog Lub Yim Hli 2016 thiab 2017, nrog cov ntsuas kev nce lossis txo:
| kab mob | ntau tus neeg mob | cases per 100,000 | kev loj hlob, poob qis | ||
| 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | ||
| 10 | 20 | 0,01 | 0,01 | 2 times | |
| kab mob dysentery | 5083 | 3991 | 3,48 | 2,73 | - 21.7% |
| mob siab mob siab | 6010 | 8783 | 6,0 | 4, 11 | 45, 8% |
| 78 | 240 | 0, 05 | 0, 16 | 3, 1 zaug | |
| Rubella | 40 | 5 | 0,00 | 0, 03 | - 8.0 times |
| kab mob khaub thuas | 605958 | 656550 | 448, 44 | 414, 78 | 8, 1% |
| Tick-borne viral encephalitis | 1787 | 1612 | 1, 22 | 1, 10 | - 10, 0% |
| Tick bites | 430332 | 462845 | 294, 57 | 316, 14 | 7, 3% |
| Thawj syphilis tau kuaj pom | 19861 | 18406 | 13,59 | 12,57 | - 7.5% |
Kev tshwm sim rau kev sib raug zoo thiab cov kab mob txaus ntshai:
- STDs;
- malignant neoplasms;
- trachoma;
- tuberculosis;
- mycosis thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Nyob rau hauv qhov no, chav kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsis sib kis yog txhua tus neeg uas tau thov rau lub tsev kho mob uas nws tau kuaj thawj zaug.
Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pej xeem los ntawm kev sib deev: thawj zaug kuaj pom "tus mob TB" hauv 2016, piv nrog 2015:
| gender | ntau tus neeg mob | |
| 2015 | 2016 | |
| tag nrho cov hom kab mob TB | ||
| men | 57669 | 52929 |
| ผู้หญิง | 26846 | 25192 |
| ob leegpoj niam txiv neej | 84515 | 78121 |
| -Kws ua pa tuerculosis | ||
| men | 56973 | 51647 |
| ผู้หญิง | 25577 | 24071 |
| ob leeg deev | 81850 | 75718 |
| extrapulmonary TB | ||
| men | 1396 | 1282 |
| ผู้หญิง | 1269 | 1121 |
| ob leeg deev | 2665 | 2403 |
| tuberculosis ntawm meninges thiab central nervous system | ||
| men | 131 | 158 |
| ผู้หญิง | 83 | 84 |
| ob leeg deev | 214 | 242 |
| tuberculosis ntawm cov pob txha thiab pob qij txha | ||
| men | 637 | 555 |
| ผู้หญิง | 345 | 333 |
| ob leeg poj niam | 982 | 888 |
| Urogenital tuberculosis | ||
| men | 266 | 227 |
| ผู้หญิง | 384 | 293 |
| ob leeg poj niam | 650 | 520 |
| tuberculosis ntawm peripheral lymph nodes | ||
| men | 223 | 199 |
| ผู้หญิง | 260 | 234 |
| ob leeg poj niam | 483 | 433 |
Raws li daim ntawv nosological, cov kab mob oncological txawv rau hauv ib pawg, tus lej tsuas yog nce ntxiv.
Tus nqi tshwm sim los ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem qog thiab thaj chaw (raws li feem pua ntawm cov neeg kuaj pom):
| Tshaj tawm ntawm Lavxias Federation hauv % | Kev txhim kho theem | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||
| 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | |
| Tag nrho lub teb chaws | 27, 5 | 28, 6 | 26, 2 | 26, 1 | 20, 1 | 19, 1 | 20, 4 | 20, 5 |
| Central Federal District | 28, 4 | 29, 5 | 25, 5 | 26, 3 | 20, 1 | 18, 5 | 21, 0 | 20, 8 |
| Northwestern Federal District | 26, 2 | 28, 5 | 25, 8 | 25,0 | 21, 2 | 20, 3 | 19, 3 | 18, 8 |
| Southern Federal District | 27, 9 | 27, 1 | 26, 3 | 28, 3 | 18, 1 | 18, 1 | 20, 6 | 20, 0 |
| North Caucasian Federal District | 24, 4 | 24, 6 | 28, 1 | 28, 2 | 22, 6 | 21, 4 | 18, 6 | 19, 1 |
| Privolzhsky Federal District | 28, 7 | 28, 7 | 26, 4 | 25, 9 | 20, 1 | 19, 0 | 20, 0 | 20, 7 |
| Ural Federal District | 28, 4 | 29, 9 | 26, 1 | 24, 8 | 19, 5 | 18, 4 | 21, 2 | 21, 9 |
| Siberian Federal District | 26, 7 | 28, 1 | 25, 5 | 25, 5 | 20, 8 | 20, 1 | 20, 5 | 20, 1 |
| Far Eastern Federal District | 25, 5 | 27, 3 | 25, 6 | 24,0 | 19, 2 | 18, 8 | 23, 5 | 24, 4 |
| Crimean Federal District | 19, 3 | 40, 7 | 18, 5 | 12, 5 | ||||
Txoj kev txheeb cais tseem khaws cia rau theem ntawm kev raug mob, tus naj npawb ntawm kev mob hlwb thiab poj niam txiv neej.
Txoj kev kawm thiab tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pejxeem
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los kawm txog kev mob nkeeg:
- Siab. Cov txheej txheem yog siv kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm.
- Kev cai. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev mob nkeeg thiab ib puag ncig.
Ib qho piv txwv zoo yog kev kawm txog kev tshwm sim hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub tebchaws lossis hauv ib pawg neeg sib txawv.
Ntawm qhov nce ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob HIV, Lavxias Federationyog nyob rau hauv 3rd qhov chaw tom qab Nigeria thiab koom pheej ntawm South Africa nyob rau hauv 2016. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, piv txwv li, hauv Moldova thiab Ukraine, Tajikistan lossis Uzbekistan, tsis muaj nyiaj txaus faib rau kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov pejxeem.
Sib piv cov ntaub ntawv ntiaj teb xyoo 2016 piv rau xyoo 2010, muaj kev poob qis hauv qhov xwm txheej hauv ntau lub tebchaws:
| Region | % txo lossis nce qhov tshwm sim hauv 2016 piv rau 2010 |
| East thiab South Africa | - 29% |
| West thiab Central Africa | - 9% |
| Middle East thiab North Africa | - 4% |
| Eastern Europe thiab Central Asia | + 60% |
| Asia thiab Pacific | - 13% |
| Latin America thiab Caribbean | - 5% |
| Teb chaws Europe sab hnub poob thiab nruab nrab, North America | - 9% |
Yog tias peb tham txog Lavxias Federation, tus qauv tshwm sim yog raws li hauv qab no:
| Tshaj tawm ntawm Lavxias Federation hauv % | Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob HIV thawj zaug hauv lawv lub neej, hauv cov chav ua tiav | |
| 2015 | 2016 | |
| Tag nrho lub teb chaws | 100220 | 86855 |
| Central Federal District | 19445 | 11949 |
| Northwestern Federal District | 7268 | 5847 |
| Southern Federal District | 5322 | 6850 |
| North Caucasian Federal District | 1521 | 1716 |
| Privolzhsky Federal District | 21289 | 20665 |
| Ural Federal District | 16633 | 14367 |
| Siberian Federal District | 25396 | 23192 |
| Far Eastern Federal District | 2291 | 2269 |
| Crimean Federal District | 1055 | -- |
Feem ntau, kev mob nkeeg yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev txiav txim siab txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm ib cheeb tsam thiab tag nrho lub tebchaws. Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas raws sijhawm nyob rau hauv "kev coj ncaj ncees" thiab ua txhua yam kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib kis. Nws tsis tsuas yog pab tsim cov feem pua ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pej xeem, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho kev ntsuas.mus tua nws.
Tus nqi tshwm sim yog siv nrog rau kev yug me nyuam thiab kev tuag los kwv yees lub neej expectancy thiab feem pua ntawm cov pejxeem uas yuav so haujlwm ntawm kev tsis taus. Rau kev kawm tob thiab muaj peev xwm los soj ntsuam cov theem thiab cov qauv ntawm kev mob tshwm sim hauv lub xeev, kev tso npe yuav tsum tau sau npe ntawm cov neeg mob tshwm sim, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv tsev kho mob thiab cov chaw kho mob sab nraud.
