Electrolytes yog cov khoom uas, nyob rau hauv lub xeev yaj, muaj hluav taws xob conductivity, uas yog lawv cov yam ntxwv. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv muaj cov nqi hluav taws xob - zoo (cations) lossis tsis zoo (anions). Lawv tsim thaum lub sij hawm dissociation ntawm ntsev, acids thiab alkalis. Cov electrolytes tseem ceeb yog sodium thiab potassium, nrog rau magnesium, hlau, chlorine, phosphorus thiab calcium. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj lawv tus kheej txoj cai thiab kev ua haujlwm. Muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav plasma thiab zis.
Cov ntsiab lus dav dav
Qhov sib npaug ntawm electrolytes hauv tib neeg lub cev yog ib qho mob rau kev muaj sia nyob ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tshuaj thiab biochemical, kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub cev thiab lub cev. Kev ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog ua tau nrog kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, txwv ntsev thiab dej.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm electrolytes hauv tib neeg lub cev yog tias tsis muaj lawv cov txheej txheem physiological tsis tshwm sim: ruaj khov homeostasis, metabolism, osteogenesis, nqaij ua haujlwm, impulses ntawm lub paj hlwb, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua dej los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg, kev ruaj ntseg. plasma osmolarity thiab ua kom muaj ntau cov enzymes. Rau qhov chaw ntawm electrolyte ions, cell membrane plays lub luag hauj lwm, los yog theej, nws permeability. Ua tsaug rau lawv, cov as-ham nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb, thiab kev ua haujlwm tawm raug coj tawm. Qhov kev hloov pauv no yog ua los ntawm cov protein thauj khoom.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub cev yog hluav taws xob nruab nrab vim tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cations thiab anions yog tas li.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm EBV (electrolyte-dej tshuav nyiaj li cas) ib txwm tsis dhau yam tsis muaj kab, nws yog ib qho kev ntxhov siab rau lub cev. Cov tsos mob zoo li no tuaj yeem pom nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, kev ua si lub cev hnyav, qee yam kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus feem ntau muaj kev pheej hmoo.
VEB ua txhaum
Qhov ua rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau muab faib los ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb rau hauv ntuj thiab pathological. Ntuj: khoom noj qab ntsev ntau dhau, haus dej tsis txaus, tawm hws, ua si, noj zaub mov tsis zoo. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov qub thiab yooj yim tshem tawm.
Thaum lub cev ua haujlwm hnyav, koj yuav tsum haus dej uas muaj cov electrolytes. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau ua kom cov zaub mov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov zaub mov. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau nce kev noj zaub mov nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawm - nws tsis pom zoo.
Pathological ua rau: raws plab, siv cov tshuaj diuretics ntev, ntshav qab zib, txo qis zis,postoperative mob, tshuaj aspirin lom, kub siab, kab mob hauv lub raum, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev poob dej, cov ntsev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib txwm poob, lawv cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv. Ua li no, hloov kev noj haus, lossis siv tshuaj kho mob - nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev qhuav dej.
YUrine electrolytes
Cov zis electrolytes kuj tseem ceeb hauv kev sib npaug tag nrho. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog potassium, chloride thiab magnesium ions. Kev sib xyaw ntawm tib neeg cov zis electrolytes hloov nrog ntau yam pathologies: piv txwv li, qib Ca hauv cov zis tuaj yeem nce nrog endocrinopathies, qog, thiab pob txha. Cov etiology tuaj yeem pw hauv lub cev tsis ua haujlwm, mob siab rau hnub da dej, tsis muaj vitamin D, siv cov khoom noj uas muaj calcium ntau ntau.
Kev txo qis hauv calcium tshwm sim nrog hypothyroidism, rickets, nephritis, pob txha hlav lossis metastases. Hypokalemia pab txiav txim siab hormonal ntshawv siab, raum pathologies, zaub mov rationality.
Magnesium hauv cov zis qhia cov kab mob ntawm lub raum, vascular thiab paj hlwb. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias magnesium hauv cov zis hloov ntxov dua hauv cov ntshav, uas tseem ceeb heev rau kev kuaj mob ntxov. Qib ntawm sodium hauv cov zis hloov nrog cov mob ntshav qab zib hnyav, noj cov tshuaj diuretics, nrog kev raug mob ntawm lub hlwb.
Lub cev tawm phosphorus txawv ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm ib hnub (tom qab noj su, cov nyiaj nce ntxiv), yog li yuav tsum tau kuaj zis txhua hnub rau kev kawm.
Hloov pauv hauv qhov ntsuas no yuav qhia txog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, kab mob ntawm lub raum, kab mob endocrine lossis pob txha. Ntauchlorine, raws li txoj cai, hloov tom qab lub xeev zoo sib xws ntawm sodium.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm sodium thiab potassium
Potassium thiab sodium yog ob lub ntsiab electrolytes, lawv xav tau rau acid-base thiab dej sib npaug. Lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov metabolism hauv dej: sodium ions nyiam thiab khaws cov dej, thiab cov poov tshuaj ions, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tawm tsam dej. Ntawd yog, K thiab Na yog cov antagonists hauv kev tawm tsam rau dej reserves hauv hlwb. Yog tias K tau ua kom muaj zog, nws yuav pov tawm qee qhov dej thiab sodium los ntawm lub cell, uas yuav tshem tawm cov puffiness. Yog tias qhov sib npaug ntawm electrolytes hauv lub cev raug tswj xyuas, lub twj tso kua mis potassium-sodium ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm, tsis muaj qhov o thiab lub cev qhuav dej.
Cov membrane tiv thaiv lub cell thiab tso cai rau cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig hla ntawm no. Cov kev cai niaj hnub hauv sodium rau cov neeg laus yog 0.09% ntawm tag nrho lub cev qhov hnyav, piv txwv li, qhov nruab nrab, ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm 9 mus rau 16 g ntawm cov ntsev. Tab sis nws kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ib co zaub mov: celery, carrots, seaweed. Sodium ntau dhau ua rau lub raum tsis zoo, yog li nws cov nyiaj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5-6 g / hnub.
Potassium - cov electrolyte no tseem ceeb rau tib neeg vim nws txhawb lub plawv thiab tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb. 98% ntawm cov poov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv cov hlwb. Nws muaj nuj nqi:
- antihypoxic action;
- tshem tawm;
- nce siab tso zis;
- Kev tshem tawm ntawm arrhythmias;
- kev txhawb nqa lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov ntshav poov tshuaj hauv cov neeg laus yog 3.5-5.5 mmol / L.
Hyperkalemia tshwm sim thaum:
- tshaib plab;
- txhawj xeeb;
- hemolysis;
- dehydrated;
- acidification ntawm lub cev;
- pathology ntawm cov qog adrenal;
- siv sijhawm ntev ntawm cytostatics thiab NSAIDs;
- khoom noj uas muaj poov tshuaj ntau dhau.
Qhov ua rau hypokalemia yog:
- kev siv lub cev siv zog;
- xov xwm surge;
- yuav haus cawv;
- mob siab rau kas fes thiab khoom qab zib;
- siv diuretic yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb;
- edema;
- dyspepsia;
- hypoglycemia, noj tshuaj laxative;
- cystic fibrosis;
- hyperhidrosis.
Kev tsis txaus electrolyte nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab nrog txo cov poov tshuaj ua rau txo qis zog, cov leeg tsis tuaj yeem cog lus tag nrho, tus neeg xav tias tingling hauv cov leeg, vim tias qabzib tsis nqus - lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog. Glycogen tsis tsim los ntawm lub plawv. Muaj qhov kev xav tsis tu ncua ntawm kev qaug zog, ua tsis taus pa luv nrog kev tawm dag zog tsawg tshaj plaws, tsis muaj zog thiab mob hauv lub plawv - tag nrho cov no yog cov cim qhia tias tsis muaj poov tshuaj. Kev raug mob ntau yam kuj ua rau tsis muaj cov poov tshuaj. Ntau tus kws kho mob rau ntshav siab tsom mus rau kev ntxiv sodium, tsis nco qab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov poov tshuaj. Cov khoom no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntxiv nrog zaub mov.
Ib qho tseem ceeb: nrog rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov poov tshuaj, lub plab rwj tuaj yeem tshwm sim lossis lub plawv nres tam sim ntawd. Ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov khoom no, qos yaj ywm qab zib yog cov hmoov txhuas, tom qab ntawd txiv lws suav, beet saum, legumes, yogurt, hiav txwv ntses, plhaub ntses, qhuav apricots, carrots, taub dag, txiv tsawb, mis nyuj.
Chlorine
Chlorine pabsib npaug siab, txo qhov o, txhim kho kev zom zaub mov, ua haujlwm ntawm hepatocytes. Nws cov qauv hauv cov ntshav rau cov neeg laus yog 97-108 mmol / l. Nrog nws qhov tsis txaus, cov hniav thiab cov plaub hau raug kev txom nyem - lawv poob tawm. Ntsev, txiv ntseej, nqaij, mis nyuj thiab qhob cij yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv chlorine.
Calcium
Lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha, ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, pob txha muaj zog, tswj lub plawv dhia.
Cov calcium ib txwm yog 2-2.8 mmol / l. Tshaj Ca tshwm sim nrog hyperparathyroidism, pob txha mob cancer, thyrotoxicosis, spinal TB, gout, nce insulin, ntau vitamin D.
Ua rau qis Ca: rickets, osteoporosis, thyroid hormone deficiency, pancreatitis, deficiency ntawm cov kua tsib, noj cytostatics thiab anticonvulsants, cachexia. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj Ca, muaj qhov ua rau qaug zog. Hauv cov neeg laus, nws feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm ob txhais ceg.
Ca qhov chaw: mis nyuj, taum dawb, ntses hiav txwv, figs qhuav, zaub qhwv, almonds, txiv kab ntxwv, noob hnav, seaweed. Absorption tsuas yog muaj vitamin D.
Magnesium
Ua haujlwm ib leeg lossis nrog K thiab Sa. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub hlwb thiab lub plawv ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm calculous cholecystitis, thiab tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab.
Cov qauv ntawm magnesium hauv cov ntshav yog 0.65-1 mmol / l. Hypermagnesemia tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, nrog rau: hypothyroidism, kab mob raum, lub cev qhuav dej.
Ua rau muaj ntau ntawm magnesium:
- kev noj haus nruj;
- flatulence;
- kab mob kab mob;
- mob pancreas;
- ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov thyroidcaj pas;
- tsis muaj vitamin D thaum menyuam mos;
- ntau calcium ntau;
- alcoholization.
Cov peev txheej ntawm magnesium: oatmeal, bran qhob cij, taub taub taub, txiv ntseej, ntses, txiv tsawb, cocoa, noob hnav, qos yaj ywm.
Iron
Muab oxygen xa mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab hlwb. Cov hlau hauv lub cev hauv cov neeg laus - 8, 95-30, 43 μmol / l. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj hlau, anemia tshwm sim, kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo, daim tawv nqaij qhuav, thiab cov leeg nqaij qis. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tshwm sim sab nraud, muaj hypoxia ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov me nyuam tsis loj hlob.
phosphorus
Kev koom tes hauv lipid metabolism, enzyme synthesis, glycolysis. Nrog nws cov kev koom tes, cov hniav enamel, cov pob txha raug tsim, thiab cov hlab ntsha impulses raug xa mus. Nrog nws tsis muaj menyuam yaus, muaj kev lag luam hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev. Tus qauv rau tus neeg noj qab haus huv yog 0.87-1.45 mmol / l.
Hyperphosphatemia txhim kho nrog: tshuaj kho mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj diuretics, rog rog, txo qis parathyroid caj pas ua haujlwm.
Ua rau txo phosphorus: steatorrhea, glomerulonephritis, hypovitaminosis D, gout, overdose ntawm salicylates thiab insulin, qog.
Khoom noj muaj phosphorus: poov xab, taub dag, sprouted mung taum, ntses, nqaij, soy protein, qe, ceev.
Cov tsos mob ntawm pathology
Nrog rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm electrolytes hauv tib neeg lub cev, muaj:
- Tsis muaj zog.
- kiv taub hau.
- Arrhythmia.
- Kev puas tsuaj loj hauv kev noj qab haus huv.
- Faints
- muscular hypotonia.
- Hloov lub siabib tug neeg uas muaj electrolytes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsaug zog, thiab apathy.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Bulimia thiab anorexia.
- Excitation lossis inhibition syndrome prevails, thiab lwm yam.
- Nyob ntawm qhov extremities.
- Paralysis
- Kidney puas.
Tib neeg lub siab xav thiab electrolytes kuj muaj kev sib raug zoo tshaj plaws: nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws, piv txwv li, qib ntawm potassium, hlau, chlorine txo. Cov tsos mob zoo li no yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab kuaj ntshav rau electrolytes.
Yuav ua li cas thaum koj poob?
Nrog kev poob ntawm electrolytes nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv ib tug natural txoj kev, kev ua tau zoo txo, tab sis ua kom tiav qaug zog tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, vim hais tias lub cev yuav tsum tau txhua yam ntawm cov nyiaj them. Tab sis niaj hnub ua txhaum VEB tsis tsim nyog, vim tias muaj peev xwm hnav thiab tsim kua muag ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
Yuav ua li cas ntxiv cov electrolytes hauv lub cev? Kev haus dej kom muaj zog thiab tsom cov zaub mov zoo nrog cov electrolytes tshwj xeeb yog txhua yam koj xav tau kom rov zoo li qub.
Electrolyte tests
Kev tshawb fawb txog electrolytes hauv tib neeg lub cev yog qhov tsim nyog los kuaj xyuas txhua yam kab mob, thiab ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, txhawm rau kuaj lub raum thiab mob plawv. Cov ntshav venous raug kuaj ntawm lub plab khoob. Hnub ua ntej kev soj ntsuam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso tseg kev siv cawv, 30 feeb ua ntej pub ntshav, tsis txhob haus luam yeeb. Kev tsom xam ntsuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm Na, K, Cl hauv cov ntshav thiab nthuav tawm anion "qhov rais", qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cations thiab anions hauv cov ntshav. Kev txiav txim siab yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob.
Thaum xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas zoo li no:
- metabolic ntshawv siab;
- Ntseeg gagging;
- plab hnyuv;
- xiav;
- burns.
Tsis tas li, kev kuaj ntshav rau cov electrolytes tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob raum, siab, thiab lub plawv. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ib tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem hnov qhov tsis muaj lossis ntau dhau ntawm cov ntsev. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum kuaj xyuas.
Yuav ua li cas rov qab electrolytes hauv lub cev? Muaj 2 txoj kev: ntuj thiab kev kho mob. Cov txheej txheem ntuj twb tau hais lawm. Txoj kev no yog qhov zoo dua, raws li tus neeg tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua thiab kev qhuab qhia, ua raws li kev noj zaub mov kom raug tas li.
Qee zaus tsuas yog ib qho electrolyte yuav ploj lawm, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los kuaj electrolyte ua ntej noj mov. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav paub meej tias yuav ua li cas thiab yuav ua li cas kom cov electrolytes nyob rau hauv lub cev. Cov khw muag tshuaj muaj kev xaiv dav ntawm multivitamin nrog cov zaub mov hauv daim ntawv yooj yim. Lawv siv tau rau qhov tsis txaus lossis tsis txaus siab zaum ntawm kev txwv kev noj zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, haus dej electrolytes muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj, granules thiab hmoov (Orsol, Torrox, Nutrisal). Lawv tsuas yog diluted nrog dej. Rau feem ntau, lawv raug suav hais tias yog cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm kev ua kis las, vim tias nws yog thaum lub sij hawm kev cob qhia uas ntsev tau poob los ntawm hws. Tab sis electrolytes rau haus kuj tseem siv rau lub cev qhuav dej - piv txwv li, Regidron.
Tshuaj
Hauv cov khw muag tshuaj tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov tshuaj txaus txaus rau lawv tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov tshuaj uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab siv cov electrolytes, piv txwv li. balance adjusters. Magnesium yog suav hais tias yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv (Magnerot, Magne B6). Cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob yog nyob tom khw, tab sis qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias lawv tuaj yeem noj ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tsis saib tsis taus. Yog tias qhov sib npaug tsis cuam tshuam, ces noj ntau dhau ntawm cov qauv ua rau muaj teeb meem thiab muaj ntsev ntau hauv lub cev.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Kev tiv thaiv muaj ob peb lub ntsiab lus: noj kom zoo, sib npaug, kev ua neej zoo, kev tawm dag zog thiab kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua los ntawm kws kho mob. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig, cov cai no yuav tsum ua raws li ib txwm - kev noj qab haus huv thiab noj zaub mov zoo (PP). Tom qab ntawd txawm tias mob plawv pathologies rov qab. Kev tiv thaiv suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas, vim tias lwm yam koj yuav tsis nkag siab tias txhua yam koj ua tau zoo npaum li cas. Kev tawm dag zog lub cev kuj zoo siab txais tos, vim tias tom qab ntawd kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub cev lub cev txhim kho.
Pom meej, qhov sib npaug ntawm electrolyte hauv lub cev tseem ceeb heev. Nws txoj kev ua txhaum cai tuaj yeem qhia txog ntau yam kab mob. Nrog rau cov tsos mob tau piav qhia saum toj no, koj yuav tsum dhau qhov kev soj ntsuam tsim nyog thiab, yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus, muab tshuaj ntxiv rau lawv.
