Cov globulins tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm lub cev hauv qab kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb suav nrog kev muaj peev xwm ua ke nrog cov antigen uas ua rau lawv tsim, thiab ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob sib kis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tom kawg mus rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntxiv lossis phagocytes.
Muaj ob pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
- Precipitating, los yog ua kom tiav. Lawv kev cuam tshuam nrog cov antigen muab cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob pom, xws li nag lossis daus los yog agglutination tshwm sim.
- Tsis lees, lossis tsis tiav. Qhov no yog ib qeb ntawm thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv tsis muab qhov pom tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm sib txuas nrog antigen.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tib neeg cov ntshav ntshav
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob: tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua rau cov kab mob tsis zoo thiab ua rau tsis muaj spirochetes.
Differentiate antibodies rau cov uaskua nplaum ntshav liab (hemagglutinins), yaj cov qe ntshav liab (hemolysins), thiab tua tsiaj hlwb (cytotoxins).
Autoantibodies ua tawm tsam ib tus kheej cov protein hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm kev tso tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub cev hloov pauv tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob xws li kev txhim kho ntxiv, nag lossis daus lossis agglutination. Nws qhia tau hais tias ob qho tib si intracellular thiab nto-bound daim ntawv.
Kev tiv thaiv. Antibody functions
Cov ntshav ntshav ntawm tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj. Cov no yog lub cev uas muab kev tiv thaiv. Lawv tsim, raws li immunologists, tshwm sim raws li peb lub ntsiab mechanisms:
- Kev mob caj ces yam tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Lub cev teb rau kev tawm tsam me me ntawm kev kis tus kabmob tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kabmob.
- Cov lus teb ntawm tib neeg lub cev rau ib pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob los yog cov khoom noj antigen.
Tshuaj cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog Y-globulin feem ntawm whey protein. Thaum nws tsis tuaj, tus kab mob agammaglobulinemia tshwm sim, uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tsim los ntawm lub cev. Immunoglobulins tau muab faib ua tsib chav kawm, sib txawv hauv cov qauv tshuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg: G, A, M, D, E.
G chav kawm immunoglobulins, lossis igG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsimkev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau hom thiab hom kab mob.
Qhov sib txuam ntawm igG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub cev tshwm sim maj mam. Thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob, lawv tus lej tsawg. Tab sis raws li daim duab kho mob tsim, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pib loj hlob sai, muab kev tiv thaiv lub cev.
qauv ntawm immunoglobulins
Cov qauv ntawm chav kawm G immunoglobulin yog monomer molecule ntawm 4 polypeptide protein bonds. Cov no yog ob khub, txhua tus uas muaj ib qho hnyav thiab ib lub teeb sawb. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov chains, txhua khub muaj ib seem, lub thiaj li hu ua "active center". Lub chaw yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas lus nrog cov antigen uas ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. igG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ob "cov chaw nquag" ntawm lawv qhov kawg. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog bivalent thiab muaj peev xwm los khi ob antigen molecules txhua. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo hauv kev tshwm sim kis.
Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob, lub igG molecule muaj cov duab ntawm elongated ellipse nrog blunt kawg. Kev teeb tsa hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo ib yam li cov kab noj me me uas sib haum rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, zoo li lub qhov tseem ceeb sib raug rau tus yuam sij.
