Kev kho mob ib ntus ntawm bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev kho mob ib ntus ntawm bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus
Kev kho mob ib ntus ntawm bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus

Video: Kev kho mob ib ntus ntawm bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus

Video: Kev kho mob ib ntus ntawm bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus
Video: Saib Tias Ntawm neeg lub cev (update) 23/4/2019 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

mob hawb pob yog ib qho kev paub zoo ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, cov txheej txheem uas tseem tab tom kawm. Kev kho tus kab mob no yog ua los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev kho mob hawb pob. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntsuas yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov laj thawj uas ua rau mob hawb pob, thaiv cov kab mob pathogenesis thiab tiv thaiv cov tsos mob. Tam sim no, muaj cov kauj ruam kho rau bronchial hawb pob, uas muaj ntau thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev kho mob no yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj thiab kev nce hauv lawv cov koob tshuaj nrog kev loj hlob ntawm pathology.

stepwise kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus
stepwise kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus

Kev mob nkeeg

mob hawb pob yog ib qho teeb meem hnyav hauv pulmonology. Txawm hais tias muaj tseeb tias cov kws tshawb fawb muaj lub tswv yim txog etiology ntawm tus kab mob no, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm nws tag nrho. Cov tshuaj uas siv los kho tus kab mob no yog kev quav tshuaj thiab cuam tshuam rau keeb kwm hormonal. Vim li no, nws tau tsimstepwise kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob. Cov tsos mob ntawm pathology tuaj yeem hais tau lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho mob. Cov tshuaj thiab lawv cov koob tshuaj raug xaiv nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob. Ntxiv nrog rau daim duab kho mob, cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntsuas kuj raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev los ntsuas qhov mob hnyav.

Feem ntau, tus kab mob no ua xua nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Hauv yuav luag txhua tus neeg mob, qhov tshwm sim rau kev txhim kho cov tsos mob yog hypersensitivity rau qee yam exogenous yam. Ntawm lawv yog cov zaub mov, tsiaj txhu, tshuaj lom neeg, plua plav thiab nroj tsuag allergens. Tsawg zaus - bronchial hawb pob tsis nyob ntawm qhov muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kab mob thiab kab mob microorganisms uas ua rau irritation ntawm lub ua pa system yog suav hais tias yog etiological yam. Feem ntau bronchial hawb pob muaj ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Cov kauj ruam kho, tsim los ntawm Lub Koom Haum ntawm Cov Kws Kho Mob, pab cuam tshuam cov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb ntawm pathogenesis.

stepwise kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob raws li gina
stepwise kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob raws li gina

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus

Yuav kom nkag siab tias txoj kev kho mob ua haujlwm ntawm bronchial hawb pob ua haujlwm li cas, koj yuav tsum paub cov tsos mob ntawm pathology thiab theem. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological raug soj ntsuam raws li cov hauv qab no:

  1. Ntau zaus ntawm nocturnal thiab daytime asthma tawm tsam.
  2. Lub sijhawm exacerbation thiab kev zam txim.
  3. PSV (ncej kawg ntws tus nqi) thaum lub sij hawm peak flowmetry.
  4. Kev muaj cov tsos mobKev kho mob ntev ntawm cov kab mob broncho-pulmonary.
  5. Forced expiratory ntim.

Raws li cov ntsuas no, qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob tau txiav txim siab. Raws li qhov no, muaj kev xaiv cov tshuaj. Stepwise txoj kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob rau cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam yog raws li qhov no.

Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem pathology, muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib cuam tshuam thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Thawj tus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov tsos mob hawb pob tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua pa (FEV1 thiab PSV). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj kev nyiam rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob bronchial hawb pob raws li Gina, nyob rau hauv kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kab mob pathology, tsuas yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob luv luv tau raug sau tseg los pab sai sai tshem tawm cov hlab ntsws spasm.

stepwise kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob hauv cov laus
stepwise kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob hauv cov laus

Qhov mob me me ntawm tus kab mob no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Thaum nruab hnub, mob hawb pob tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntau dua ib zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Lawv cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Kev tawm tsam hmo ntuj tsim ntau dua 2 zaug hauv lub hli, tab sis tsis yog txhua lub lim tiam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, PSV thiab FEV1 cov ntsuas tseem nyob li qub thiab muaj ntau dua 80%. Raws li kev kho mob ntawm cov mob hawb pob bronchial, nrog rau cov chav kawm tsis tu ncua, luv luv-acting beta-2-agonists thiab qis qis ntawm nqus tau cov glucocorticosteroids (IGCS) tau sau tseg. Cov tshuaj hormonal tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov tshuaj uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj antileukotriene receptor pawg.

Qhov nruab nrab ntawm tus kab mob hnyav yog tus yam ntxwv txhua hnubbouts ntawm suffocation. Thaum tsaus ntuj, cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntau dua ib zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Qhov taw qhia ntawm cov kab mob ua pa (PSV lossis FEV1) yog los ntawm 60 txog 80%. Hauv qhov no, 1 ntawm cov kev kho mob hauv qab no raug xaiv:

  1. nqus tau qis glucocorticosteroids thiab ua haujlwm ntev bronchodilators (beta-2-agonists).
  2. IGCS thiab antileukotriene receptor tshuaj.
  3. Medium mus rau siab koob tshuaj hormone thiab luv-acting beta-2 agonists.
  4. IGCS and theophylline.

Nrog mob hawb pob hnyav, nquag tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsis taus pa tau sau tseg ob hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Qhov no cuam tshuam qhov poob ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lub neej zoo. Exacerbations ntawm tus kab mob ua ntau zaus, thiab remissions ua luv luv. PSV thiab FEV1 tsawg dua 60%. Muab tshuaj bronchodilators ntev ntev thiab ICS nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab siab ntau npaum. Yog tias tsim nyog, tshuaj theophylline lossis tshuaj antileukotriene ntxiv rau kev kho.

Yog tias, txawm tias muaj kev kho mob tsis tu ncua, tus neeg mob tus mob hnyav zuj zus, qhov no suav tias yog qhov mob hawb pob bronchial hnyav heev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau immunoglobulin E thiab glucocorticosteroids hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj tau sau tseg.

stepwise kev kho ntawm bronchial asthma qauv
stepwise kev kho ntawm bronchial asthma qauv

Tshuaj pab kom tshem tau bronchospasm

Tus qauv ntawm kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob raws li kev faib tawm Gina suav nrog ntau pawg tshuaj uas yog cov tseem ceeb. Tam sim no, ntau qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj no tau siv. Qhov no yuav pab txo qhov zaus ntawm kev siv tshuaj thiab txhim khonyob zoo. Cov pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj xav tau rau bronchial hawb pob yog beta-2 receptor agonists. Lawv yog luv thiab ntev ua yeeb yam. Cov qub muaj xws li kev npaj "Salbutamol", "Fenoterol". Ntawm cov ua yeeb yam ntev beta-2 receptor agonists, cov tshuaj Formoterol thiab Salmeterol yog qhov txawv. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj no yog kev so ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub bronchi, uas yog, kev so ntawm spasm.

Kev siv tshuaj hormonal

Kev siv cov tshuaj steroid yog ib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho mob hawb pob bronchial. Cov kauj ruam kho muaj ntau hom glucocorticoids. Nrog rau qhov mob me me mus rau nruab nrab qhov mob hnyav, cov tshuaj hormones qis tau raug sau tseg. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj steroids, cov tshuaj tau muab tshuaj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev nqus pa. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, qhov ntau npaum ntawm cov tshuaj nce. Aerosols "Beclomethasone", "Budesonide", "Fluticasone" raug xa mus rau hormonal anti-asthma tshuaj. Cov tshuaj hormones hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj tsuas yog siv thaum muaj mob hawb pob.

stepwise kho ntawm bronchial hawb pob pom zoo
stepwise kho ntawm bronchial hawb pob pom zoo

Glucocorticosteroids tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov tshuaj los ntawm pawg antileukotriene. Cov no suav nrog cov ntsiav tshuaj "Zafirlukast" thiab "Montelukast". Zoo li cov tshuaj hormones, lawv koom nrog kev kho mob pathogenetic. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj no yog los thaiv cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab tshem tawm o ntawm cov leeg ua pa.

Kev kho mob hawb pob: cov qauv kev saib xyuas

tshuaj mob hawb pob tau siv rauntau xyoo. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb tau tsim. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg kws kho mob thiab cov kws tshawb fawb yog los tsim cov qauv txheej txheem rau kev kho mob thiab kuaj mob bronchial hawb pob. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm suav nrog cov tuam txhab tshuaj loj, cov kws kho mob paub txog thiab cov kws tshaj lij. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, ib txoj kev kho mob rau kev mob ntsws asthma tau tsim, uas tam sim no siv. Nws suav nrog cov qauv rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho tus kab mob. Cov kauj ruam kho yog siv tau rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5 xyoos.

stepwise kho cov tsos mob bronchial hawb pob
stepwise kho cov tsos mob bronchial hawb pob

Yam tshuaj ua ke

txhawm rau txhim kho cov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg mob thiab txo qhov zaus ntawm kev nqus pa, ntau cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke rau kev mob hawb pob tau tsim. Cov kev npaj no suav nrog cov tshuaj nquag uas suav nrog hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho mob. Cov tshuaj feem ntau siv yog Seretide Multidisk, Symbicort. Lawv suav nrog beta-2 agonist thiab nqus tau glucocorticosteroid.

tshuaj kho lwm yam

Txawm hais tias cov kws kho mob los ntawm txhua lub tebchaws raug coj los ntawm Gina cov lus pom zoo, nws raug tso cai los mus rau kev kho mob ntawm txhua tus neeg mob ib leeg. Cov kws kho mob muaj txoj cai los sau cov pab pawg ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsis suav nrog hauv cov txheej txheem kho mob. Cov no suav nrog: M-cholinomimetics, cromon tshuaj. Cov tshuaj feem ntau siv yog Ipratropium bromide, Spiriva, Intal. Cov tshuaj no ua ke nrog beta-2 agonists thiab steroids. Stepwise txoj kev kho mob bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj kauj ruam los tshem tawm qaug dab peg yog kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom ua xua thiab ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim.

kev kho mob ntawm bronchial hawb pob stepwise therapy
kev kho mob ntawm bronchial hawb pob stepwise therapy

Kev kho mob hawb pob: cov lus pom zoo kho

Kev kho mob hawb pob yuav tsum yog raws li kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov lus pom zoo tsim los ntawm Gina Association yog cov kev kho mob yooj yim rau tus kab mob no. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua lub xeev muaj nws tus kheej raws tu qauv rau kev kho mob ntawm no pathology. Lawv ua raws li cov lus pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb thiab suav nrog pab pawg tshuaj ntxiv, nrog rau lwm yam kev kho mob.

Tshaj tawm cov kws kho mob txog kev kho mob hawb pob

mob hawb pob yog kho los ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb xws li tus kws ua xua, kws kho mob ntsws thiab tus kws kho mob. Raws li kws kho mob, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho yog:

  1. Kev tshem tawm txhua yam khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.
  2. Siv cov nqus tau corticosteroids ua ke nrog cov tshuaj bronchodilators.
  3. Symptomatic therapy.

Kom tsis txhob muaj qhov hnyav, nws raug nquahu kom saib xyuas cov ntsuas ntawm kev ua pa sab nraud, xws li PEF thiab FEV1. Nws kuj raug pom zoo kom tsis txhob kis kab mob khaub thuas.

Pom zoo: