Daim tawv nqaij melanosis yog qhov ntau dhau ntawm cov xim melanin nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij. Cov tshuaj no yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb tshwj xeeb (melanocytes) thiab tsim los tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub hnub rays. Hauv cov neeg tawv nqaij ncaj ncees, cov xim no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom me dua li cov neeg tawv nqaij tawv. Nquag, melanin tsuas yog qhib tau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tan tshwm nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog tias cov xim no tso rau hauv qhov ntau, ces muaj kab mob tshwm sim - melanosis. Nws yog nrog los ntawm kev hloov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Ua rau kab mob
Melanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xim ntawm cov epidermis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov hauv qab no:
- kab mob ntawm cov qog endocrine (pituitary qog, qog adrenal, zes qe menyuam, thyroid caj pas);
- kab mob sib kis (syphilis, dysentery, tuberculosis, malaria);
- tshuaj lom nrog arsenic, carbon compounds thiab tshuaj lomresin;
- daim ntawv ua ntej ntawm cov ntshauv;
- kab mob siab;
- kab mob ntshav (porphyria);
- kab mob ntawm cov nqaij sib txuas (collagenosis);
- tshuaj (sulfonamides, tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj photosensitizing).
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov ua rau pathological, kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus thiab cov kab mob metabolic hauv cov epidermis. Kuj tseem muaj hom kab mob melanosis, uas kis tau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau menyuam yaus.
cov ntawv hauv zos thiab dav dav
Muaj qhov chaw thiab dav dav ntawm melanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no txhais li cas? Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, pigmented cheeb tsam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub epidermis. Nrog rau melanosis dav dav, cov xim ntawm tag nrho cov tawv nqaij integument hloov.
Generalized melanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau tau sau tseg hauv Addison tus kab mob, pituitary pathologies, ntshav qab zib, collagenosis, arsenic lom, thiab tseem muaj ntau tshaj ntawm porphyrins hauv cov ntshav. Hauv qhov no, tag nrho cov tawv nqaij ntawm tus neeg tau txais cov xim bronze.
Localized melanosis yog cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- Poikiloderma Civatta. Qhov no pathology tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov poj niam ntawm cov me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog. Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm ntawm zes qe menyuam lossis qog adrenal.
- Riehl's melanosis. Qhov ua rau tus kab mob no tsis meej meej. Nws ntseeg tau tias yog vim muaj kev sib cuag nrog hydrocarbons.
- Toxic melasma ntawm Hoffmann-Habermann. Tus kab mob no tsuas tshwm sim hauvcov txiv neej. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm hydrocarbon lom. Cov neeg uas tawm hws ntau dhau feem ntau raug tus kab mob no.
Nrog rau cov kab mob saum toj no, muaj cov xim pigmented ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab ntawm tus neeg mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tawv nqaij tsis hloov xim.
Ntau yam ntawm pathology los ntawm keeb kwm
Nws kuj tseem muaj kev faib tawm ntawm pathology nyob ntawm nws keeb kwm. Cov nram qab no hom ntawm daim tawv nqaij melanosis yog txawv:
- Uremic. Pom tau yog tias lub raum ua haujlwm tsis txaus.
- Endocrine. tshwm sim nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov qog adrenal, qog pituitary, zes qe menyuam lossis cov thyroid caj pas.
- Tsov. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm arsenic thiab hydrocarbon lom.
- Lub siab. Daim ntawv no ntawm melanosis yog txuam nrog cirrhosis, kab mob siab thiab lwm yam kab mob siab.
- Cachectic. Nws raug sau tseg nrog kev qaug zog hnyav, feem ntau yog mob ntsws ntsws.
Cov hom kab mob no yog qhov thib ob. Melanosis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm lwm yam kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj cov qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij melanosis. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog txaus ntshai, raws li lawv yog nquag mus rau malignant degeneration. Cov hom kab mob no suav nrog cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- Chloasma. Cov no yog cov xim av loj ntawm cov epidermis. Lawv feem ntau tshwm rau ntawm lub ntsej muag. Cov laj thawj rau lawv cov tsos tsis tau tsim. Xav. uas lawv tsim los ntawm hormonal ntshawv siab.
- Lentigo. Cov no yog cov me me daj lossis xim av ntawm lub ntsej muag. Lawv yogzoo formations. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev raug mob lossis raug ntau dhau ntawm lub hnub, malignant degeneration ntawm cov hlwb yog ua tau.
- Melanosis Becker. Cov kab mob no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov txiv neej hluas. Ib tug mole tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas yog ces npog nrog ib tug tuab plaub hau. Qhov tsim no tsis txaus ntshai, vim nws tsis degenerate mus rau hauv mob qog noj ntshav.
- Dubrey's melanosis. Qhov kev tsim no tshwm sim hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo. Nws zoo li ib qho chaw daj daj uas zoo li mole. Tus kab mob no yog ib tug mob precancerous thiab yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd. Lub neoplasm muaj cov atypical melanocytes, uas yooj yim degenerate rau hauv malignant hlwb.
Symptomatics
Cov tsos mob ntawm pathology nyob ntawm nws daim ntawv thiab ua rau. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov tawv nqaij ntawm tus neeg mob hloov bronze los yog yellowish, qhov no qhia tau hais tias ib tug generalized daim tawv nqaij melanosis. Cov duab ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no.
Yog tias melanosis tshwm sim hauv ib cheeb tsam, ces cov pob khaus tsuas yog sau rau ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab xwb. Nrog rau cov tshuaj lom melasma, cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub cev yog cov xim greyish-daj. Cov pob khaus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hnub nyoog me me, moles thiab freckles feem ntau yog thawj.
Kev nyuaj siab
Yog tias melanosis yog theem nrab, ces ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai ntawm malignant degeneration ntawm pob khaus. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog cov kab mob hauv qab no ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Yog tias melanosis yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab mole lossis qhov chaw tau tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ces nws yuav tsum tau ceev nrooj.mus ntsib kws kho mob. Qee qhov kev tsim tawm no yog qhov ua rau malignant degeneration thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav - melanoma. Malignancy (malignancy) ntawm mole yog pov thawj los ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob sai, hloov hauv cov duab thiab xim, qhov tsos ntawm rwj thiab los ntshav. Kev cuam tshuam rau ultraviolet rays thiab raug mob rau qhov tsim tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias moles npog nrog cov plaub hau tsis txaus ntshai.
Diagnosis
Melanosis yog kho los ntawm kws kho hniav. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov kev hloov ntawm cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam kab mob, ces kev sab laj ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist, kws kho mob, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab lwm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog.
Cov kev xeem hauv qab no raug xaj:
- Tus neeg mob daim tawv nqaij raug tshuaj xyuas nrog lub teeb dub tshwj xeeb (ntoo lub teeb).
- Biopsy ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov khoom ntawm cov epidermis raug coj mus kuaj histological.
- Lawv ua dermoscopy. Qhov no yog qhov kev kuaj mob tiag tiag uas tsis tas yuav txiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam. Neoplasms ntawm lub epidermis raug tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - dermatoscope.
Dermoscopy tso cai rau koj los tshuaj xyuas cov mole kom meej. Yog tias muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsim, tom qab ntawd muab tshuaj biopsy. Kev kuaj histological txawv melanoma qog ntawm melanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ib qho micropreparation ntawm cov epidermis nrog ib tug nevus (mole) tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab saum toj no, cov xim dub-xim av yog cov khoom tsim ntawm melanin.
Kev kho mob
Yogmelanosis yog qhov thib ob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho cov kab mob hauv qab. Hauv qhov no, cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog normalized tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev kho mob. Hauv thawj melanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kev kho mob yog nqa tawm ob qho tib si conservatively thiab phais. Cov tshuaj hauv qab no tau muab tshuaj:
- vitamin A, E, ascorbic thiab nicotinic acid;
- corticosteroid cov tshuaj hormones;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Tseem siv cov tshuaj npaj:
- hydrogen peroxide;
- creams and ointments with vitamin A;
- citric acid tov.
Hnub no, muaj cov txheej txheem tshuaj pleev ib ce uas pab kom cov tawv nqaij dawb thiab tshem tawm pob. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej siv cov txheej txheem no, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab xyuas kom meej tias neoplasm yog qhov zoo. Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no yuav pab tshem tawm cov pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij:
- Tshuaj tua kab mob. Ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv rau lub ntsej muag, uas pab kom exfoliate lub sab sauv txheej ntawm lub epidermis.
- Phototherapy. Cov tawv nqaij raug pom los ntawm lub teeb ci. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm melanin. Vim li ntawd, lub epidermis yog whitened.
- Laser resurfacing. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb laser, thaj chaw teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij evaporates.
Kev kho mob phais yog qhia hauv qee kis. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog thaum mole yog qhov ua rau malignancy. Lub nevus raug tshem tawm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog hauv zos, thiab cov khoom siv tau raug xa mus raukuaj histological. Yog tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, ces lub mole yog irradiated.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob ntawm melanosis yog kho raws sijhawm ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau tawv nqaij hloov pauv. Kev saib xyuas zoo kuj yuav tsum tau ua thaum ua haujlwm nrog arsenic thiab hydrocarbon tebchaw. Kev tiv thaiv thawj hom kab mob melanosis tsis tau tsim, vim tsis paub qhov ua rau lawv tshwm sim. Thaum moles thiab me ntsis tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog mus ntsib kws kho mob dermatologist kom sai li sai tau. Cov pob khaus no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tsis txhob raug tshav ntuj thiab raug mob rau moles thiab pob.
