Txawm hais tias qhov kev txhim kho tshiab kawg ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, tseem muaj cov kab mob uas kho tsis tau. Kev kho rau Alzheimer's tseem tsis tau tsim, yog li cov kev kho mob muaj xws li cov tshuaj uas txo cov tsos mob hnyav thiab ua rau tus kab mob qeeb zuj zus.
tus kab mob no yog dab tsi?
Ua ntej txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj twg rau kev kho mob Alzheimer's tuaj yeem muab rau tus neeg mob, nws tsim nyog piav qhia luv luv txog tus kab mob nws tus kheej thiab nws cov tsos mob.
Cov kab mob no tau piav qhia thawj zaug los ntawm tus kws kho mob German hauv xyoo 1906. Alois Alzheimer, kws kho mob hlwb, tau soj ntsuam tus neeg mob uas muaj kab mob neurodegenerative, thiab nws cov tsos mob tsis tu ncua. Cov kev tshawb fawb no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm sib txawv tus kab mob los ntawm lwm hom dementia. Lwm lub npe rau cov pathology yog senile dementia ntawm Alzheimer's hom.
Feem ntau, cov kev hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus - tom qab 50 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, raws liCov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws qhia tau hais tias tus kab mob tau dhau los ua hluas dua, cov neeg mob Alzheimer's tau sau tseg hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 40 xyoo. Muaj ntau dua 40 lab tus neeg mob nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no hauv ntiaj teb, thiab, raws li WHO kev kwv yees, daim duab no tsuas yog loj hlob txhua xyoo.
Txog tam sim no, tseem tsis tau tsim qhov tseeb ua rau muaj tus kab mob no, yog li txawm tias cov tshuaj tshiab tshaj plaws rau Alzheimer's disease tsis tuaj yeem kho tus kab mob no kom tiav.
Versions thiab npaj
Raws li ntau qhov kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog qhov ua rau lub hlwb tsis ua haujlwm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho tus kab mob no tau tsim.
Ib qho ntawm cov kab mob neurodegenerative yog qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib feem nyob rau hauv kev sib kis ntawm paj hlwb impulses ntawm hlwb hlwb, thiab nws deficiency provokes txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology. Raws li cov qauv no, cov tshuaj tau tsim los ua kom nce qib ntawm cov neurotransmitter thiab yog li ua kom qeeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim tshuaj tau pom tias cov tshuaj Alzheimer no tsuas yog txo qhov hnyav ntawm daim duab kho mob, tab sis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob nws tus kheej.
Hnub no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog suav tias yog amyloid. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov kws kho mob pom tias cov neeg mob nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no muaj cov deposits ntawm beta-amyloid nyob rau hauv lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg, uas ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Tab sis txawm tias xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauvthaj chaw no, nws tsis tau tsim kom muaj yog vim li cas amyloid accumulates nyob rau hauv lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj pharmacological uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem no. Txawm tias qee qhov kev sim tshuaj uas paub niaj hnub no tseem tsis tau sim hauv kev sim tshuaj uas tuaj yeem paub meej tias lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho tus kab mob no.
Tsis ntev los no, Finnish cov kws tshawb fawb tau hu ua cov tshuaj uas ua rau Alzheimer's disease. Nws hloov tawm los ua ib qho tshuaj siv hauv kev kho mob qaug dab peg, sodium valproate. Nws tau raug pom tias ua rau tsis zoo rau kev nco thiab lwm yam haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb.
Lwm qhov kev xav yog qhov kev xav ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los. Nws tau pom tias yog tias ib tus neeg tau kuaj pom tias muaj "senile dementia" hauv tsev neeg, tom qab ntawd nrog qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob no tuaj yeem kuaj tau hauv nws cov menyuam lossis xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Nws tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kab mob chromosomal, tab sis qhov no, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo thiab koom nrog kev txawj ntse. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm pathology, tab sis qhov no kuj tsis tau lees tias 100% tshwm sim.
Yuav ua li cas?
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj uas tsim nyog Alzheimer tuaj yeem raug sau los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Kev xaiv tus kheej ntawm cov tshuaj tsuas tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob hnyav dua thiab ua rau nws tuag. Kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob. Yuav ua li casThaum kuaj pom tus kab mob ua ntej, qhov yuav ua rau qeeb ntawm kev txhim kho pathology thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo ntawm tus neeg mob.
Tsuas yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke yuav pab txo qis hauv kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo. Kev pab thiab saib xyuas cov txheeb ze thiab tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tus neeg muaj tus kab mob no kuj tseem ceeb heev. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov kws saib xyuas neeg mob, vim tias tus neeg mob zoo li no yuav tsis tuaj yeem noj cov tshuaj raws sijhawm raws sijhawm.
Donepezil ("Aricept")
Cov tshuaj twg yuav raug sau rau Alzheimer's nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob. Txhawm rau nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm acetylcholine, Aricept tuaj yeem raug tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho acetylcholinesterase inhibitor uas pab ua kom qeeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neurotransmitter thiab txhim kho cholinergic kis tau tus mob.
Nws yog kev ncaj ncees nyob rau txhua theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, vim nws txhim kho kev txawj ntse thiab txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob.
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv Exelon yog rivastigmine, cholinesterase inhibitor uas tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm acetylcholine. Nws nce qib ntawm cov neurotransmitter hauv cov qauv ntawm hippocampus thiab normalizes kev txawj ntse ntawm tus neeg mob. Tsis tas li, rivastigmine tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb ntawm kev tsim cov beta precursor ntawm amyloid plaques.
Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav, tshuaj qhov ncauj thiab daim ntaub qhwv. Qhov kev xaiv kawg yog qhov feem ntaunyiam nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm Alzheimer's kab mob, raws li nws tshem tawm qhov yuav tsum tau los tswj kev noj cov ntsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm.
Cov kev phiv tshwm sim hauv qab no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum noj tshuaj:
- kiv taub hau;
- nausea;
- mob plab;
- mob plab;
- dyspepsia;
- ua xua tshwm sim;
- drowsy;
- poob qab los;
- kev nyuaj siab thiab insomnia;
- tremor.
Yog tias muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev siv tshuaj, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog kev tawm tswv yim txog kev siv tshuaj ntxiv.
Tsis muaj contraindications rau sau cov tshuaj no rau Alzheimer's yog lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub thiab lactation, tus neeg intolerance rau cov tshuaj nquag.
Galantamine ("Reminyl")
Cov tshuaj Alzheimer no muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj tau piav qhia saum toj no: rov ua kom tsis txaus ntawm cov neurotransmitter acetylcholine thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm amyloid plaques ntawm lub hlwb hlwb.
Cov khoom xyaw nquag raug cais tawm ntawm Voronov's snowdrop los ntawm Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb hauv xyoo 1951. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib feem ntawm ntau cov tshuaj tseem ceeb, suav nrog "Reminil", uas tuaj yeem muab tshuaj rau Alzheimer's disease.
Tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj nrog ib tug concentration ntawm 4, 8, thiab 12 mg ntawm cov active ingredient. Npog nrog ib tug dawb zaj duab xis casing, txhua tus muaj ib tug engraving qhia qhov ntauactive tivthaiv. Kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshuaj ntsiav nrog 8, 16, 24mg active.
Tsis pom zoo siv rau cov neeg mob uas muaj qhov tsis haum rau galantamine lossis mob siab lossis raum tsis zoo. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating tsis tau ua, yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm no, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem raug sau tseg yog tias tsim nyog kiag li.
Reminil yog tshuaj rau cov neeg mob uas mob me mus rau nruab nrab senile dementia ntawm Alzheimer's hom.
Memantine
Memantine kuj yog cov tshuaj hloov pauv. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lub npe lag luam thiab koom nrog pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj neurotropic. Muaj cov nyhuv neuroprotective thiab anti-spastic.
"Memantine" pab ua kom tus neeg mob lub hlwb ua haujlwm thiab lub cev muaj zog. Nws raug sau tseg rau theem me thiab nruab nrab ntawm pathology.
Contraindicated nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm thiab hypersensitivity rau lub active tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj. Tej zaum yuav muaj kiv taub hau, plab zom mov thiab lwm yam kev phiv thaum noj tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj twg rau Alzheimer's los ntawm cov npe saum toj no yuav ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv ib kis, tsuas yog kws kho mob txiav txim siab. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom noj ob peb yam tshuaj uas muaj cov nyhuv kho tib lub sijhawm, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj heev, txog li.tuag.
Peb txhob txwm tsis muab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau muab los ntawm cov tshuaj, vim tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua qhov no, suav nrog tus neeg mob tus mob thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab thiab neuroleptics
Tshuaj pom zoo ua ib feem ntawm kev kho mob kuj raug xaiv ib tus zuj zus rau txhua tus neeg. Cov tshuaj no pab txo qis thiab qee zaum tshem tawm tag nrho cov xwm txheej xws li kev nyuaj siab thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws, uas muaj ntau heev rau cov neeg kuaj mob Alzheimer's disease.
Qhov no suav nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab thiab neuroleptics. Cov kev pab yav dhau los los txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm ib tug neeg, cov tshuaj ntawm kev xaiv yog Tianeptine. Tab sis tricyclic antidepressants tsis pom zoo siv, hauv cov neeg laus lawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob hauv qab.
Ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, "Sonapax", "Aminazine", "Tizercin" tuaj yeem siv. Lawv muaj cov nyhuv calming, txo spasticity thiab normalize pw tsaug zog. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tuaj yeem yuav yam tsis muaj tshuaj, lawv tsis tuaj yeem kho tus kheej. Txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej contraindications thiab phiv thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau kom cov tsos mob ntawm senile dementia.
Lwm yam tshuaj mob
Ntxiv rau, raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus kws kho mob, cov amino acids thiab nootropics, calcium channel blockers thiab cov tshuaj uas txhim kho cov ntshav ncig hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub hlwb, nrog rauginkgo biloba extract thiab lwm cov tshuaj pej xeem. Feem ntau siv:
- "Piribedil";
- "Actovegin";
- "Glycine";
- "Vinpocetine";
- Y "Phenotropil";
- "Nimodipine".
Zoo kawg
Tej zaum nyob rau xyoo tom ntej no, yuav pom muaj kev kho rau Alzheimer's, uas yuav cawm ntau txhiab tus neeg mob txoj sia nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no. Lub sijhawm no, peb tsuas yog cia siab rau cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob qeeb thiab txhim kho tus neeg mob lub neej zoo.
