Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm ntau yam kev raug mob, ib qho ntawm txoj kev nrov ntawm immobilization yog siv plaster splint. Txoj hauv kev no rau kev kho mob conservative muaj ntau qhov zoo. Txhawm rau ua cov txheej txheem kom raug, cov kws kho mob uas tsim nyog tau kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj thiab siv cov ntaub qhwv zoo li no. Nws cov yam ntxwv yuav tau tham ntxiv.
Txoj kev ntawm cov txheej txheem
Gypsum splint yog siv rau qhov bruises loj, ligament raug mob. Nws kuj yog siv tom qab repositioning cov pob qij txha nrog dislocations, nrog rau ntau hom pob txha. Yog hais tias muaj contraindications rau kev tswj ntawm lag ntseg gypsum, cov txheej txheem no kuj siv. Rau qhov no, chav tshwj xeeb raug faib rau hauv cov chaw phais mob. Nws muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab khoom siv rau cov txheej txheem.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm plaster splint muaj ntau qhov zoo. Nws adheres nruj nreem thiab sib npaug rau lub cev, yog yooj yim tshem tawm thiab hardens sai heev. Yog muajfragments matched los ntawm ib tug kws phais los yog traumatologist, lub splint yuav tuav lawv zoo.
Gypsum yog calcium sulfate. Nws yog zoo qhuav ntawm qhov kub ntawm 100 mus rau 130 ºС. Vim qhov no, cov khoom siv tau zoo triturated, tsim cov hmoov dawb. Gypsum yog hydrophilic tshuaj. Kom nws tsis saturated nrog noo noo, nws yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv zoo-kaw ntim los ntawm hlau los yog iav.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv gypsum hom M400 rau kev kho mob. Nws khov hauv 10 feeb. ntawm qhov kub ntawm 15 ºC. Lub sijhawm no yog txo kom 4 feeb yog tias chav tsev kub yog 40 ºС. Qhov zoo ntawm gypsum yog soj ntsuam los ntawm ib tug series ntawm cov qauv. Cov hmoov yuav tsum muaj ib tug sib xws thiab zoo sib tsoo. Thaum sib tov nrog dej, tsis hnov tsw ntawm hydrogen sulfide yuav tsum tsis txhob emission.
Ntau yam
Gypsum splint tuaj yeem yog ob hom:
- Headband lined nrog paj rwb thiab gauze, flannel, tsho. Muaj tej yam tsis zoo. Cov paj rwb lossis ntaub tuaj yeem tangle, ua rau lub cev hnyav. Tsis txaus fixation ntawm fragments kuj yuav raug pom. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv knitwear thaum siv xws li hnav khaub ncaws. Lawv tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij ntawm chafing.
- Unlined headband. Siv ncaj qha rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws tsis yog lubricated nrog ib yam dab tsi, nws cov plaub hau tsis shaved tawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm lub cev los ntawm lub siab.
txheej txheem txheej txheem
caj npab lossis txhais ceg hauv cam khwb cia, kho kom raug thiab raws sijhawm. Ua li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim:
- Tus neeg mob muab tso los yog zaum hauv qhov chaw xis.
- Ib feem ntawm lub cev yog muab tso rau ntawm lub txee, qhov chaw protruding yog npog nrog paj rwb-gauze pads.
- Bandage nrog plaster lead hauv kauv, tsis txhob nro. Cov khoom tsis torn tawm ntawm qhov chaw kom wrinkles tsis tsim. Layers du nrog xib teg ntawm koj txhais tes.
- Saum toj ntawm qhov chaw tawg, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntaub qhwv ntsej nrog ncig ncig uas muaj 6-12 txheej ntawm cov ntaub qhwv.
- Ntxawm tus ntiv tes qhib sab laug. Los ntawm lawv qhov tsos, ntshav ncig raug txiav txim.
- Cov npoo ntawm cov ntaub qhwv raug txiav, tig tawm sab nraud. Cov menyuam yog smoothed nrog gypsum gruel.
- Hnub uas muab tso rau ntawm daim ntaub qhwv.
- Cov ntaub qhwv tsis npog rau 3 hnub. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas hnav khaub ncaws kom txog thaum cov khoom qhuav tag. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav ua mob rau nws tus kheej los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom kho.
Yog tias qhov kev puas tsuaj raug txiav txim siab ntawm lub xub pwg nyom thiab lub xub pwg nyom, ob lub plaster casts raws li Turner siv. Lawv kuj hu ua "crow's zes". Thawj feem yog siv los ntawm scapula raws sab nraud ntawm tus ceg. Cov ntaub qhwv nraub qaum yog coj los ntawm lub hauv pliaj mus rau lub taub hau ntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov ntiv tes. Qhov thib ob splint yog superimposed rau thawj zaug, thiab tom qab ntawd nws muab faib rau saum npoo. Kho cov ntaub qhwv nrog cov ntaub qhwv tsis tu ncua.
Lub luj tshib tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog ib lossis ob qhov sib txuas. Lawv yog siv los ntawm sab sauv thib peb ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm ob sab los yog tsuas yog los ntawm saum toj no.
Lub forearm yog immobilized nrog ob plaster splints. Lawvyuam los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xub pwg mus rau cov pob txha metacarpal. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tswj txoj haujlwm ntawm lub hauv pliaj. Nws yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm pronation thiab supination. Qhov sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tsim lub kaum sab xis. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, txhuam yog teem nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm rov qab flexion. Nws raug kuaj xyuas seb tus neeg mob puas xis nyob hauv txoj haujlwm no.
Yog tias qhov raug mob tshwm sim ntawm tes, qhov splint yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm xib teg mus txog ib feem peb ntawm lub forearm.
Gypsum splint rau pob txha ntawm sab ceg muaj U-zoo li. Immobilization yog nqa tawm mus rau sab sauv thib peb ntawm qhov no ntawm tus ceg. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum npog lub splint ntawm ib leeg.
Thaum muaj mob hauv lub hauv caug, ob daim ntaub qhwv rau ntawm ob sab. Lawv pib los ntawm ib feem peb ntawm tus ncej puab thiab ua raws li 1/3 ntawm cov ceg qis.
Yog tias koj xav tau immobilize pem hauv ntej ntawm ko taw, siv daim ntaub qhwv ntsej muag tom qab. Nws yog coj los ntawm tus ntiv tes mus rau qis dua 1/3 ntawm tus ceg qis.
Qee zaum, koj yuav tsum siv cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb ncig. Lawv yog tsim los immobilize qhov sib txawv ntawm cov musculoskeletal system.
Qee cov lus pom zoo
Koj yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej txhua yam koj xav tau los thov plaster splint. Cov pob txha thiab ob peb cov pob qij txha uas nyob ib sab yog tsau. Yog tias kev puas tsuaj raug kuaj pom hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, nws raug yuam rau nws thiab qhov ntev txaus ntawm cov ceg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muab cov ceg tsis muaj zog rau hauv txoj hauj lwm zoo.
Thaum siv daim ntaub qhwv, ib feem ntawm lub cev yuav tsum nyob twj ywm tsis muaj zog. Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog rau tus neeg mob txav mus rau lub sijhawmcov txheej txheem.
Bandaging yog nqa tawm ntawm lub periphery mus rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem. Cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob nkim. Yog tias tsim nyog, nws raug txiav, hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev mus los, thiab tom qab ntawd straightened. Tom qab txhua txheej, cov ntaub qhwv tau ua tib zoo ua qauv thiab rubbed. Yog li cov khoom siv tau zoo soldered, thiab cov ntaub qhwv ntsej yuav ua raws nraim qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev. Koj yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa ceg nrog tag nrho xib teg. Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov ntiv tes nkaus xwb rau qhov no.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub plaster tsis nruj dhau los yog, hloov pauv, xoob. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob hnav khaub ncaws (uas tshwm sim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus), nws tau npog nrog shellac los yog tov ntawm cov khoom no nrog cawv.
Bandages tau npaj ua ntej, coj los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm tus ceg. Nws yog loosely folded, thiab ces soaked thiab smoothed los ntawm qhov hnyav. Ntawm qhov khoov, cov khoom raug txiav thiab ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv rau lwm qhov.
