Tus kws kho hniav muaj kev xaiv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom ntim rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Qhov kev sib txawv no muab sijhawm rau nws los xaiv qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau ib tus neeg mob tshwj xeeb. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nqis tes ua, cov ntaub ntawv filling yog ruaj khov thiab ib ntus.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas yuav tsum tau kho cov hniav zoo li qub, cov ntaub ntawv sau mus tas li yog siv. Lawv yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: tiv taus cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, rau zom cov yeeb yam), ua rau cov qaub ncaug thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas zais los ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum, muaj cov yas thiab tsis hloov lawv cov ntim thiab cov duab ntev, tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov nqaij mos ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, ywj siab nkag mus rau hauv cov kab noj hniav kom tau ntim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm caries tsim, muaj adhesion zoo rau cov hniav dentin thiab xim sib xws rau cov xim ntawm cov hniav ntuj. Compomers, composites, cements, amalgam, plastics yog cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov raufilling.
Composites zoo li kev ncua hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov organic keeb kwm, muaj cov viscosity ntawm cov khoom ntawm inorganic muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas muab cov khoom tsim nyog. Composites thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv paus kwj dej tau muab faib ua cov ntaub ntawv hardening siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog lub teeb halogen tshwj xeeb. Composites yog cov khoom siv nyuaj ua haujlwm nrog; kev paub thiab kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog lawv.
Composite muab tub lim muaj peev xwm muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm faib tau rau hauv cov chav kawm tsim nyog:
- macrophiles nrog cov khoom loj loj muab cov khoom sib xyaw ua kom muaj zog dua, tab sis me ntsis txo lawv cov adhesion rau cov ntaub so ntswg;
- cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws ntawm polishability, tab sis tsis muaj zog, microfills nrog cov khoom ntim ntawm qhov tsis loj loj yog qhov txawv - lawv tau siv los nruab nruab nrab txhaws ntawm cov hniav pem hauv ntej;
- hybrids yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov iav loj loj thiab cov silicon me me, lawv nyob ze rau hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv rau cov ntaub so ntswg tawv, feem ntau siv los txhim kho cov filling, ua tau raws li txhua qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom ntim.
Cov ntaub ntawv kho hniav ua tiav ntau dua yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog iav ionomer cement. Lawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg adhesion rau cov ntaub so ntswg tawv, zoo heev lomKev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev, muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj cov tshuaj fluoride, tau txhim kho cov khoom zoo nkauj xws li pob tshab thiab xim, yog li lawv tsim nyog rau kev sau cov hniav.
Amalgam txheej - txheej nrog cov hlau alloy ntawm mercury nrog cov nyiaj lossis lwm yam hlau, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub zog thiab kev ntseeg siab, ductility, tsis kam mus rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm digestive enzymes, nws yog yam ntxwv los ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal (ua kom puas cov kab mob.).
