Frostbite yog cov ntaub so ntswg loj heev uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob khaub thuas. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, txwv tsis pub koj yuav ntsib qhov tshwm sim uas yuav tsis yooj yim tshem tawm.
Ab luv piav txog qhov tshwm sim
Raws li txoj cai, nws cuam tshuam rau lub cev qhov chaw ntawm lub cev - lub taub hau, tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv caj npab thiab txhais ceg. Feem ntau nws kuj yog nrog los ntawm kev hypothermia.
Nws txaus kom nyob hauv qhov txias ntawm qhov kub ntawm -10 ° C kom nthuav tawm koj tus kheej rau qhov no. Thiab txij li cov ntsuas no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv peb lub tebchaws, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus kom paub tias yuav ua li cas nrog frostbite, uas yuav tau tham tam sim no. Cov xwm txheej sib txawv tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem ua ke.
Cov tsos mob thiab qib
Pib nrog, nws tsim nyog teev cov cim qhia tias tus neeg tau txais frostbite. Ntawm no yog yuav piav qhia lawv li cas:
- 1 degree. Kev hnov ntawm tingling, loog thiab hlawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lub npog nws tus kheej yog daj ntseg. Tom qab ua kom sov, o thiab liab ntawm cov xim liab-liab xim yog tsim. Hla hauv ib lub lis piam, nrog rau tev tawm.
- 2 degree. Nyob rau hauv integument npuas yog tsim, ntim nrog ib tug ntshiab kua. Tom qab ua kom sov, khaus khaus thiab mob hnyav tshwm sim. Daim tawv nqaij yuav zoo li ob lub lis piam.
- 3 degree. Txhua txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug cuam tshuam. Pom tseeb necrosis - necrosis, cov ntaub so ntswg tuag. Muaj npuas, tab sis lawv puv nrog cov kua dej. Kho tau tsawg kawg ib hlis, daim ntawv caws pliav.
- 4 degree. Nrog nws, txhua txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug cuam tshuam los ntawm necrosis. Muaj qhov o tsis tu ncua thiab tsis hnov qab.
Thawj ob qib yog ntau dua. Vim tias kom tau txais qib thib peb thiab qib plaub, koj yuav tsum siv sijhawm ntau tshaj li ib teev nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias heev.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias frostbite yog nrog los ntawm hypothermia (lub cev kub tuaj yeem poob qis dua 34 ° C), ua daus no, ua pa qis, lub plawv dhia thiab siab.
Pib ua haujlwm
Thiab tam sim no peb tuaj yeem tham txog yuav ua li cas nrog frostbite. Lawm, thawj qhov koj yuav tsum tau mus tsev tam sim yog tias xav tias hypothermia, hauv tshav kub. Raws li txoj kev, koj yuav tsum ua cov hauv qab no:
- Muab lub kaus mom lossis lub kaus mom yog tias koj pob ntseg txias.
- Tsab dab tshos ntawm koj lub tsho lossis lub tsho tiv no los nkaum koj lub qhov ntswg. Los yog khi koj lub ntsej muag nrog ib txoj phuam qhwv caj dab. Yog tias tsis muaj, nws raug tso cai los npog qhov ntswg nrog ob txhais tes.
- Thaum frostbite ntawm ob sab plhu, ua tib yam li hauv nqe lus dhau los.
- Thaum hypothermia ob txhais tes, koj tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv caj npab.
- Yog koj txhais ko taw txias, ces koj yuav tsum ua kom nquag plias li sai tauwiggle koj ntiv tes.
Nws nyob deb ntawm tsev lossis qhov chaw twg? Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum nrhiav ib chav nyob ze - lub khw, khw, khw, café, txawm tias qhov nkag yuav ua. Tab sis lub café zoo dua. Koj tuaj yeem noj tshuaj yej lossis kas fes kom sov.
Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev txav mus los. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom ntshav khiav thiab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj tsawg kawg nkaus li ua tau.
Hands
Tam sim no hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas nrog frostbite ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev. Ua ntej, hais txog ob txhais tes.
Koj yuav tsum tau hnav khaub ncaws txias, hloov mus rau khaub ncaws sov. Ua kom kub (tab sis tsis cawv) haus. Tshuaj yej nrog txiv qaub thiab zib mu, piv txwv li. Thiab pib sov koj txhais tes.
txheej txheem yog theem. Tsis txhob muab koj txhais tes tso rau hauv dej kub tam sim ntawd. Koj tuaj yeem pib ntawm ib ncig ntawm 20 ° C. Raws li qhov kev xav rov qab los thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ceg ceg tau txhim kho, maj mam nce qhov kub thiab txias.
Tab sis nws tshwm sim tias thaum lub sijhawm tsis tsim nyog tshaj dej raug kaw. Yuav ua li cas nrog frostbite ntawm tes nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no? Koj tuaj yeem rub lawv nrog ib daim ntaub mos, sim ua kom sov lawv nrog ua pa sov, thiab tom qab ntawd qhwv lawv nrog ib yam dab tsi sov (plaid, pam).
Tom qab cov kev ua no, nws yuav tsum yooj yim dua. Yog tias tsis ua kom tus mob zoo li qub, mob o, hlwv thiab mob hnyav tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau tsev kho mob sai.
Qab
Yog li, ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas rau frostbite ntiv taw thiab ntiv taw:
- Thaum koj mus txog tsev, tshem koj nkawm khau thiab thom khwm.
- Sau qhov kub rau hauv lub tais dej. 20 ° C, tso koj txhais taw rau hauv.
- Ntxiv cov dej kub kom sov.
- Paralleltxhuam cov ceg tawv nrog koj txhais tes, ua ib qho zaws.
- Blot nrog ib phuam, muab ntaub qhwv sov los yog tso rau hauv thom khwm, koj tuaj yeem ua kom sov rau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Cov kauj ruam no yuav pab tau. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev yuav ua rau tus taw, cua sov yuav rov qab los ntshav, thom khwm lossis ntaub qhwv yuav tiv thaiv qhov chaw puas los ntawm kev kis kab mob.
Yog tias ua tsis tau, hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob. Txog thaum cov kws kho mob tuaj txog, tsis txhob tshem cov ntaub qhwv sov, npog koj tus kheej nrog ib daim pam wolen, thiab ua kom sov. Limbs yuav tsum tsis muaj zog.
Face
Qhov kev tiv thaiv tsawg kawg ntawm lub cev thaum huab cua txias. Tau kawg, ib tug pab tsis tau tab sis tham txog yuav ua li cas nrog frostbite ntawm ob sab plhu.
Kev ua zoo ib yam li cov lus pom zoo tau piav qhia saum toj no. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau mus rau chav qhuav thiab sov, hloov khaub ncaws. Thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau tus txheej txheem ua kom sov, ua kom nws ncav sijhawm. Kev ua yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum ua kom sov sov so.
- Tom qab ntawd siv lub tshuab cua sov rau koj lub plhu thiab qhov ntswg. Nws sab nraud kub yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 30 ° C. Koj tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ib nrab teev los siv lub ntsuas cua sov.
- Yog tias lub xeev tau dhau los ua ib txwm muaj, uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev khaws cia ntawm qhov yooj yim reflexes thiab kev nco qab, ces koj tuaj yeem pib haus lossis noj ib yam sov. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob kub tshaj 35 ° C.
- Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv qab daim pam sov thiab tuab, rub nws hla koj ob lub qhov muag.
Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias tsis muaj lub tshuab cua sov, koj tuaj yeem siv lwm txoj hauv kev. Nqa dej sov rau hauv saucepan thiabnpog nrog ib daim phuam tuab, dai hla nws. Ib yam li inhalation. Tab sis! Chav yuav tsum tsis txhob kub, tab sis sov. Thiab tsis muaj roj yam tseem ceeb lossis lwm yam khoom ntxiv yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv. Lub lauj kaub dej tsuas yog tsim kom muaj cua sov zoo xwb.
Tsuas muaj rau nws. Frostbite ntawm lub puab tsaig ntawm tus menyuam yaus thiab tus neeg laus yuav dhau los tom qab cov dej num no, tshwj tsis yog, qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm theem pib.
txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm
Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau sau npe. Yuav ua li cas nrog frostbite ntawm ob txhais ceg, caj npab, lub puab tsaig thiab lub qhov ntswg yog qhov tseeb, tab sis dab tsi ua rau mob? Yog li daim ntawv teev npe yog:
- Raws nrog daus. Tias nws yuav pab yog dag. Cov kev ua li no tsuas yog ua kom txias rau thaj chaw puas. Daim tawv nqaij microtraumas thiab vascular spasms yog guaranteed. Rau tib lub laj thawj, rub nrog cov roj tseem ceeb thiab cawv yog txwv tsis pub.
- Cawv cawv. Cov dej qab zib kub tsuas muab qhov kev xav ntawm qhov sov so, nws qhov kev xav. Lub sijhawm ntawd, txhua tus tsis nco qab tias cawv ua rau cov hlab ntsha tawg, uas tsuas yog ua rau tus neeg mob hnyav zuj zus xwb.
- Tshuaj txhuam qhov ntswg. Qhov no ntawm lub ntsej muag yog rhiab heev. Kev rub tawm tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas ntsoog, ua rau los ntshav, kis kab mob, raug mob.
- Kub kub sai. Seductive, tab sis tsis ntshaw. Vim tias cov ntshav txias nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv paus loj, uas tam sim ntawd hloov los ntawm cov ntshav kub, cov ntshav siab yuav poob qis heev. Yog li tsis muaj qhov cub, lub qhov cub dej kub, lub dab da dej lossis qhib nplaim taws.
Thiab tau kawgCais, nws yuav tsum tau hais txog kev kho tus kheej. Nov yog dab tsi tsis ua nrog frostbite kom paub meej. Kev pab tus kheej ua ntej tau txais, tab sis kev saib xyuas tom qab yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas muaj peev xwm.
Txhais tau
Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis hais lawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau ua qhov teeb meem ntawm frostbite tiag, vim tias qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau:
- Kev tsim cov granulations thiab nti ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas yuav nyob mus ib txhis.
- Massive necrosis, qhov tsos ntawm gangrenous foci. Hauv cov theem hnyav, kev txiav tawm tej zaum yuav tsim nyog kom tsis txhob kis kab mob.
- kab mob kis kab mob thib ob. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev txiav, abrasions thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlab ntsha peripheral.
- Tsis muaj lub raum thiab lub siab. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological.
- Ntshav sepsis, yog tias cov khoom tawg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Nws yuav muaj peev xwm ntxiv qhov tshwm sim tuag rau hauv daim ntawv, tab sis qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob hnyav heev ntawm frostbite thiab tsis muaj kev pab kho mob.
Kev kho mob
Nws yog tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg tom qab kev kuaj mob, nws kuj qhia txog lub sijhawm kho thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj. Feem ntau sau:
- Anspasmodics. Cov nyiaj no zoo txo qhov spasms ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas cuam tshuam nrog cov ntshav ncig. Cov tshuaj feem ntau yog Mebeverin thiab Drotaverin.
- Kev kho sab nraud. Lawv tsim nyog rau kev tua kab mob, ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, thiab tseem kom tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg necrotic. Feem ntausiv Iruksol thiab Triderm.
- Tshaj tawm. Tshem tawm qhov mob syndrome. Feem ntau haum "Fentanyl", "Promedol" thiab analgin.
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ob leeg NSAIDs thiab tshuaj hormonal steroid yog sau. Thawj suav nrog "Ibuprofen", aspirin. Rau qhov thib ob - "Dexamethasone", "Prednisolone", "Cortisol"
- Anticoagulants. Pab txo cov ntshav txhaws. Tej zaum yuav muab tshuaj Warfarin, Dicoumarin thiab Heparin.
- Antiaggregants. Lawv tsim kev cuam tshuam rau thrombosis, inhibiting adhesion ntawm platelets. Kev pab zoo "Triflusal" thiab "Kurantil".
- YVasodilators. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog Papaverine, Theobromine thiab Chlorazicin.
Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, lwm yam tshuaj yuav raug sau tseg, pib nrog angioprotectors thiab xaus nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav ua li cas nrog frostbite, thiab cov tshuaj noj dab tsi, tus kws kho mob yuav qhia.
kev kho neeg zoo
Lawv tau pom zoo kom siv tsuas yog tom qab cov txheej txheem tau pom zoo nrog tus kws kho mob, thiab tsuas yog rau cov ntawv me me ntawm frostbite. Nov yog qee cov zaub mov txawv:
- Compress. Sib tov ib teaspoon ntawm calendula tincture nrog dej sov (0.5 l). Moisten ib daim phuam me me hauv qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab siv rau qhov chaw frostbitten 2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub rau 40 feeb. Kev kho mob kav 7 hnub.
- Natural mix. Sib tov 50 milliliters ntawm celandine kua txiv thiab txiv qaub. Muab pov rau hauv ib co Ginger. Ua kom huv si. Nrog rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke, rub cov tawv nqaij cuam tshuam peb zaug hauv ib hnub rau ib lub lis piam.
- Gadgets. diavQhuav chamomile paj brew ib khob ntawm boiling dej. Qhwv, cia nws brew rau 2 teev. Lim thiab ua tshuaj pleev plaub zaug ib hnub.
- Kalina. Qhov no Berry yog ib qho qub Lavxias teb sab kev kho mob rau frostbite. Ob peb dia ntawm viburnum tshiab yuav tsum tau nchuav nrog dej npau npau (0.5 l) thiab cia nws brew rau 15 feeb. Lim. Qhov ntim no haus dej haus peb zaug - thaum sawv ntxov, tav su thiab yav tsaus ntuj. Nws raug pom zoo kom haus dej haus li 10 hnub.
Ntau tus neeg mob khaub thuas hais tias: yog tias koj mob khaub thuas, ua ib qho hauv qab no. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txhais tau tias ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab sim sijhawm.
